• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.503-513
• /
• 2003

A single particle analytical technique, called low-Z electron probe X-ray microanalysis (low-Z EPMA) was applied to characterize atmospheric particles collected in Busan, Korea, over a daytime period in Dec. 2001. The ability to quantitatively analyze the low-Z elements, such as C, N, and 0, in microscopic volume enables the low-Z EPMA to specify the chemical composition of individual atmospheric particle. Various types of atmospheric particles such as organics, carbon-rich, aluminosilicates, silicon oxide, calcium carbonate, iron oxide, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and titanium oxide were identified. In the sample collected in Busan, sodium nitrate particles produced as a result of the reaction between sea salt and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere were most abundantly encountered both in the coarse and fine fractions. On the contrary, original sea salt particles were rarely observed. The fact that most of the carbonaceous particles were distributed in the fine fraction implies that their origin is anthropogenic.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 1998

Textures of claystones of the Cheonunsan Formation in the Hwasoon area have been studied using optical microscope and electron microprobe. Microscopic images were observed under the optical microscope using the transmitted polarizing light from thin sections and under the electron microprobe using the back-scattered electron beam from the polished sections. Identification of minerals were made using X-ray diffraction analysis and chemical analysis by electon microprobe. Textural analyses show that the original sedimentary claystones rich in aluminium were subjected to metamorphism by which they changed to the metamorphosed claystone consisting mainly of chloritoid, quartz, andalusite and illite. Later intensive hydrothermal kaolinization of this metamorhosed claystones resulted in the formation of high-aluminous claystones rich in kaolinite exhibiting various complicated replacement textures.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.15 no.6 s.59
• /
• pp.411-424
• /
• 2005

Weathering is defined as a process by which surface rock, once formed in the deep ground, is broken down and altered to keep the equilibrium with the ambient environment. In this study granitic rock samples of different weathering grades were collected in the field and the microscopic observation, X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopic observation, chemical analysis, and rock property tests were carried out. Formation of secondary minerals, especially clay minerals, by weathering was identified and the mechanism for the change of engineering properties such as rock strength degradation was analyzed. Tunnel model test, Failure behaviour, Shallow tunnel, Unsupproted tunnel length.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.479-490
• /
• 1996

To utilize collagen as an implantable biomateriall the mcct widely used bovine skin origin Type I collagen was investigated Pepsin treated, Type I atelocollagen was extracted and crosslinked by the ultraviolet(W) ray with wavelength of 254nm or by various concentrations of glutaraldehyde to produce collagen membranes. The crosslink rates of the specimens were observed by a polarized light microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and a Fourier transform infrared (FT-lR) spectrometer. The followings are concluded 1. The collagen membranes produced by both 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution and 254nm UV ray irra- diation demonstrated similar morphologies on polarized light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic views. 2. The chemical structures of the crosslinked membranes by glutaraldehyde over 2.5% in concentrations revealed similar intensities to that of the UV ray irradiated one in FT-lR investigation. 3. To obtain optimal croulink in bovine stalin origin Type I atelocollagen, 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution or UV ray irradiation with 254nm wavelength is acceptable.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2019

In this study, the change of skin condition was analyzed by skin analysis equipment using scrub cosmetics, and the morphological characteristics of microbead were observed by dermascope and scanning electron microscope. In the dermascope observation, during the process of cleansing, the microbeads attached to the skin existed in close contact with each other or dispersed. The skin after scrubbing was clean and smooth and the fine wrinkles between epidermal keratinocytes were reduced. In the scanning electron microscopic observation, the microbead surface did not have severe bending or rough surface. The skin moisture and oil content were higher than the scrub skin before the scrub, and there was no significant difference in the pH.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.44 no.3 s.298
• /
• pp.142-146
• /
• 2007

High-quality one-dimensional GaN nanorods and nanowires were synthesized on Ni-coated c-plan sapphire substrate using halide vapor-phase epitaxy (HVPE). Their structure and optical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence techniques. Full substrate coverage of densely packed, uniform, straight and aligned one-dimensional GaN nanowires with a diameter of 80nm were grown at $700{\sim}900^{\circ}C$. The X-ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopic image, and selective area electron diffraction patterns indicate that the one-dimensional GaN nanostructures are a pure single crystalline and preferentially oriented in the [001] direction. We observed high optical quality of GaN nanowires by photoluminescence analysis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.181-183
• /
• 2012

The author reported previously on separation of the outer tegument of the spargana (plerocercoids of Spirometra mansoni) using high concentration of urea solution. To determine which layer of the tegument is separated by this method, an electron microscopic analysis has been processed in this study. It was confirmed that the basement layer of the tegument is separated from the parenchyme of the sparganum. In addition, the antigenicity of the separated outer tegument against the human sparganosis patient sera was evaluated. Numerous antigenic proteins, including 16 and 55 kDa proteins, were noticed in the separated tegument; however, there were no diagnostic 31/36 kDa molecules in this tegument. The molecules reactive with the patient sera in the tegument are to be characterized in future studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.21
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 1993

The fiber morphologies of the textiles from the burials of the Seip group of Ohio Hopewell (ca. 100 B.C. to A.D. 500)mounds were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. A theoretical model was proposed which delineates the rate of morphological change in fibers through time and the cultural activities which occur during the life of a textile element. The Seip textiles were categorized according to their visual and structural characteristics. The microscopic examination of the Seip textiles yielded the evidence of animal hair fibers and bast fibers. The animal hair fibers of the seip textiles were identified as the hair of rabbit or hare. The bast fibers of the Seip textiles exhibited variation in morphological features such as the degree of bundle separation and the presence of transverse striations, fibrillations, or trans-verse cracks.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2004

Laser heat treatment is an effective technique used to improve the tribological properties and also to increase the service life of automobile components such as camshafts, crankshatfs, lorry brake drums and gears. High power $CO_2$ lasers and Nd:YAG lasers are employed for localized hardening of materials and hence are of potential application in the automobile industries. The heat is conducted rapidly into the bulk of the specimen causing self-quenching action to occur and the formation of matrensitic structure. In this investigation, the microstructrual features occurring in Nd:YAG laser hardening SM45C and $STD_11$ steel are discussed with the use of optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic analysis. Moreover, This paper describes the optimisation of the processing parameters for maximum hardened depth of SM45C and $STD_11$ steel specimens of 10mm thickness by using CW:YAG laser.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.1898-1904
• /
• 2003

Laser heat treatment is an effective technique used to improve the tribological properties and also to increase the service life of automobile components such as camshafts, crankshatfs, lorry brake drums and gears. High power $CO_{2}$ lasers and Nd:YAG lasers are employed for localized hardening of materials and hence are of potential application in the automobile industries. The heat is conducted rapidly into the bulk of the specimen causing self-quenching to occur and the formation of matrensitic structure. In this investigation, the microstructrual features occurring in Nd:YAG laser hardening SM45C and $STD_{11}$ steel are discussed with the use of optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic analysis. Moreover, This paper describes the optimisation of the processing parameters for maximum hardened depth of SM45C and $STD_{11}$ steel specimens of 10mm thickness by using CW Nd:YAG laser.