• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2011

This paper explores two articulatory characteristics of inter-consonantal coordination observed in lingual-lingual (/kt/, /ks/) and labial-lingual (/pt/) sequences. Using electromagnetic articulometry (EMMA), temporal aspects of the lip movement and lingual movement (of the tongue tip and the tongue dorsum) were examined. Three sequences (/ks/, /kt/, /pt/) were investigated in two respects: gestural overlap in C1C2 and formation duration of coronals in C2 (/t/ or /s/). Results are summarized as follows. First, in a sequence of two stop consonants gestural overlap did not vary with order contrast or a low-level motor constraint on lingual articulators. Gestural overlap between two stop consonants was similar in both /kt/ (lingual-lingual; back-to-front) and /pt/ (labial-lingual; front-to-back). Second, gestural overlap was not simply constrained by place of articulation. Two coronals (/s/ and /t/) shared the same articulator, the tongue tip, but they showed a distinctive gestural overlap pattern with respect to /k/ in C1 (/ks/ (less overlap) < /kt/ (more overlap)). Third, temporal duration of the tongue tip gesture varied as a function of manner of articulation of the target segment in C2 (/ks/ (shorter) < /kt/ (longer)) as well as a function of place of articulation of the segmental context in C1 (/pt/ (shorter) < /kt/ (longer)). There are several implications associated with the results from Korean non-assimilating contexts. First, Korean can be better explained in the way of its language-specific gestural pattern; gestural overlap in Korean is not simply attributed to order contrast (front-to-back vs. back-to-front) or a physiological motor constraint on lingual articulators (lingual-lingual vs. nonlingual-lingual). Taking all factors into consideration, inter-gestural coordination is influenced not only by C1 (place of articulation) but also C2 (manner of articulation). Second, the jaw articulator could have been a factor behind a distinctive gestural overlap pattern in different C1C2 sequences (/ks/ (less overlap) vs. /kt/ and /pt/ (more overlap)). A language-specific gestural pattern occurred with reference to a physiological motor constraint on the jaw articulator.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.392-392
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• 2011

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) emitter has widely become an attractive mechanism that draws growing interests for cold cathode field emission.$^{1,2}$ CNT yarns have demonstrated its potential as excellent field emitters.$^3$ Extensive simulations were carried out in designing a CNT yarn-based cathode assembly. The focal spot size dependence on the anode surface of the geometric parameters such as axial distance of the electrostatic focus lens from the cathode and the applied bias voltages at the cathode, grid mesh and electrostatic focus lens were studied. The detailed computer simulations using Opera 3D electromagnetic software$^4$ had revealed that a remarkable size of focal spot under a focusing lens triode type set-up design was achieved. The result of this optimization simulation would then be applied for the construction of the CNT yarn based micro-focus x-ray tube with its field emission characteristics evaluated.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2001

The polymerization shrinkage of composite resins is an important drawback although the composites have many advantages-more esthetic and conservative than metallic restoratives etc. The purposes of this research were to develop a new measurement method and to manufacture an instrument that can measure the initial dynamic volumetric shrinkage of composite resins during polymerization. The instrument was basically an electromagnetic balance that constructed with a force transducer using position sensitive photo detector(PSPD) and a negative feedback servo amplifier of proportional-derivative(PD) controller. The volumetric change of composites during polymerization was detected continuously as buoyancy change in distilled water by means of Archimedes's principle. It was converted to continuous electrical voltage signal in real time. The signal was properly conditioned and filtered and then it was stored in computer by a data acquisition(DAQ) board. By using this electronic instrument. the dynamic patterns of the polymerization shrinkage of eight commercial(Z-100, DenFil, AeliteFil, Z-250, P-60, SureFil, Synergy compact, and Tetric ceram) composite resins were measured and compared. The results were as follows. 1. From this project of developing instrument, the ability has been achieved that can acquire and process data of electrical signal transformed from various physical phenomenon by using temperature, displacement. photo. and force transducer. As a consequence, the instrumentation and measurement system used to analyze the physical characteristics of various dental materials in dental research field can be designed, manufactured and implemented in lab. 2. This instrument has some advantages. It was insensible to temperature change and could measure true dynamic volumetric shrinkage in real time without complicated process. It showed accuracy and high precision results with small standard deviation. 3. The polymerization shrinkage of composites was significantly different between brands and ranged from 2.47％ to 3.89％, The order of polymerization shrinkage was as follows, in order of increasing shrinkage, SureFil, P60, Z250, Z100, Synergy compact. DenFil, Tetric ceram, and AeliteFil. 4. The polymerization shrinkage rate per unit time, dVol％/dt, showed that the instrument can provide an indirect research method for polymerization reaction kinetics.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.246-250
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• 2003

고주파 대역에서 전자기적 특성이 안정적으로 유지되는 Ni-Zn 페라이트를 제조하기 위해 Ni$_{0.8}$Zn$_{0.2}$Fe$_2$O$_4$를 기본조성으로 Bi$_2$O$_3$와 CaO를 첨가하였다. Bi$_2$O$_3$의 첨가량이 0.3 wt%까지는 손실이 증가하였고 그 이상의 첨가량에서는 감소하였으며, 투자율은 Bi$_2$O$_3$ 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. Bi$_2$O$_3$와 CaO는 고용체를 형성하여 입계에 편석 됨으로서 비저항층을 형성하여 각각 0.7 wt%, CaO 0.3 wt% 첨가할 경우 가장 낮은 손실과 높은 공명주파수를 나타내었다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2008

제안한 유도가열 시스템은 증류탑 장치에 사용되는 특수충진체에 의한 열교환기술과 IH(Induction-Heating) 전자유도가열용의 특수한 고주파 전력회로 기술을 응용한 차세대 가열방식이다. 특히 일체의 연소과정이 없다는 점에서 작업환경의 개선이 가능하며 본 기술은 IGBT대응의 고주파 인버터를 사용하여 상용교류로부터 수[kHz]의 고주파교류(HFAC)를 발생시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 1.5[kW]급 하프-브릿지 공진형 인버터 시스템과 공진부하의 동작해석, 특성분석 및 본 시스템을 이용한 2단 가열 과열증기 발생장치의 개발과 시스템의 응용에 대해 논하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2018

국지적인 기상 이변이나 강우 현상 등을 분석하고 예보하기 위해서는 지역별로 저고도 탐색이 가능한 다수의 단거리 기상 레이다들이 필요하다. 그러나 이러한 레이다들의 특성인 낮은 고각의 전자파 빔 때문에 지표면 및 해수면 클러터가 기상 반사 신호를 오염시킬 가능성이 매우 높다. 대부분의 지표면 클러터는 매우 낮은 도플러 주파수 부근에 집중되어 나타나므로 주파수 대역에서의 구분이 비교적 용이한 편이다. 그러나 해수면 클러터의 경우 도플러 주파수 점유대역이 기상조건에 따라 매우 넓게 나타날 수 있기 때문에 클러터의 제거가 매우 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전자적인 고각 빔 조향을 위하여 수직 위상 배열 안테나 구조를 갖는 기상 레이다에서의 해수면 클러터 제거 성능 정도를 분석하였다. 또한 위상배열 안테나의 수신 빔 형성을 통하여 해수면 클러터의 제거가 적절하게 이루어질 수 있음을 보였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제22권53호
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• pp.69-78
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• 1999

We developed an apparatus for odorous stimuli control to record olfactory evoked potentials from human scalp. The characteristics of the apparatus were as follows. 1. Translating the subjects respiration into electric signals with a sensor attached to the nose. The period and timing of odorous stimuli could be adjusted, so that stimuli could be synchronous with respiration. 2. The respirations translated into electric signals were made constant in amplitude by using an auto gain control circuit. 3. The interstimulus interval of odorous could be arbitrarily selected once every 1 to 9 respirations so that adaptation could be prevented. We obtained olfactory - evoked potentials (OEPs) to odorous stimuli using this apparatus from the site of Cz, whose positive peak latencies were approximately $180{\pm}23ms$. Such response were not recorded if oxygen stimuli were used instead of odorous or with click sounds produced by the switching electromagnetic valve.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1050-1056
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• 2015

In this paper, we use the characteristics of electromagnetic waves underwater attenuation for estimating linear distance between a transmitting node and receiving node, and research underwater vertical plane attenuation model for constructing the underwater localization system. The underwater localization of 2 dimensional with the plane attenuation model in the horizontal plane (H-plane) was proposed previous research. But for the 3 dimensional underwater localization, the additional vertical plane (E-plane) model should be considered. Because the horizontal plane of omnidirectional antenna has the same attenuation tendency in x-y plane according to the distance, whereas in vertical plane shows an irregular pattern in x-z plane. For that reason, in the vertical plane environment, the attenuation should be changed by the position and inclination. Hence, in this paper the distance and angle between transmitting and receiving node are defined using spherical coordinate system and derive an antenna gain pattern using half power beam width (HPBW). The HPBW is called a term which defines antenna's performance between isotropic and other antennas. This paper derives omnidirectional antenna's maximum gain and attenuation pattern model and define vertical plane's gain pattern model using HPBW. Finally, experimental verifications for the proposed underwater vertical plane's attenuation model was executed.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 실내 환경에서 전파특성 분석에 유용한 마이크로 셀용 3D 시뮬레이터를 제시하였다. 지금까지 소개된 대부분의 전파특성 분석 결과들은 2차원 평면에서 거리에 따른 신호의 손실(Path Loss) 위주로 연구가 진행 되었다. 본 연구에서는 실내에서 전파특성을 분석하기 위해 다양한 ITU 모델을 사용하여 입체구조의 실내 환경에서 전파의 수신신호의 세기에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션에서 나타난 결과를 분석해보면 저 주파수(150MHz-400MHz) 대역과 고주파수 대역(2GHz-6GHz) 에서 전파특성이 많은 차이를 나타내고 있다. 그리고 각 수신기의 위치에서 수신 신호는 전파경로상의 벽면에서 손실되는 전력에 따라 차이가 생기기 때문에 송신기의 출력도 중요한 요인으로 분석되었다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 레이더 단면적(RCS, Radar Cross Section)을 감소시키기 위한 전자파 구조로서 십자형 다이폴 슬롯을 원소로 가지며 다른 배열형태 구조를 갖는 구형 주파수 선택적 표면(FSS, Frequency Selective Surface) 구조의 전파특성을 해석하였다. 유한크기와 곡면형상을 갖는 구형 주파수 선택적 표면 구조의 주파수 특성을 해석하기 위해 RWG 함수를 적용한 3차원 모멘트법을 사용하였으며 반복법 중 하나인 BiCGSTab(Biconjugate Gradient Stabilized) 알고리즘을 적용하여 해석시간의 효율성을 개선하였다. 1m 직경을 갖는 완전도체(PEC, Perfect electric conductor)의 구에 대한 이론적 해석결과인 Mie의 RCS 특성과 비교 검증하여 제안한 해석 알고리즘의 유효함을 입증하였다. 구형 주파수 선택적 표면 구조에서 슬롯 성분의 배열 방법에 따른 RCS 변화를 관찰하여 비교하였으며, 곡면형상의 주파수 선택구조 설계시 배열의 방법도 RCS 특성에 중요한 변수가 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.