• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.18-21
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• 2023

Pollution of the environment by micro-plastics is now a worldwide problem. Plastics are difficult to decompose and put a great load on the marine environment. Especially a plastic with a size of 5 mm or less is defined as micro-plastic and are carried by ocean currents over long distances, causing global pollution. These are not easily decomposed in the natural environment. In this paper, we aimed to experimentally demonstrate that micro-plastics in seawater can be continuously separated by electromagnetic Archimedes force. Using polyethylene particles of 3 mm in diameter as the separation target, a flow channel was fabricated and separation conditions were investigated by particle trajectory calculations for separation experiments. Based on the calculation results, a solenoid-type superconducting magnet was used as a source of magnetic field to conduct separation experiments of micro-plastics in seawater. Although a high separation rate was assumed in the simulation results, the experimental results did not show any significant improvement in the separation rate due to the electromagnetic Archimedes force. It was found that the gas generated by the electrolytic reaction may have inhibited the migration of the particles.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.130-136
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• 2002

The growing use of aluminum for castings over the past decade has brought with it the increased scrutiny of component properties. One area that has received much attention is the effect of in inclusions - or impurities particles held in the metal - on casting properties. A new method of electromagnetic separation for removal of inclusions in aluminum alloy melts is proposed. The principle is that as the electromagnetic force induced in metal acts on inclusions due to low electric conductivity, they are moved to the direction opposite to electromagnetic force and can be separated and removed from the melt. Experiments were carried out on A356 melt mixed alumina particles and commercial Al alloys of ADC 10 and 12. In the experiment using A356, it was proved that $Al_2O_3$ particles was separated and removed continuously from matrix melt by electromagnetic force. Based on these results, the continuous separation experiment that used ADC 10, 12 was carried and the cleanliness of melt was assessed by the amount of porosity, hydrogen contents, PoDFA and mechanical properties through tensile test. As the results of analyses, the amount of porosity and hydrogen contents decreased without variation of chemical composition in the specimen that passed the electromagnetic continuous separator. In addition, tensile strength and elongation of this specimen increased by $20{\sim}30%$ because of reduction of inclusions.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2001

The polymerization shrinkage of composite resins is an important drawback although the composites have many advantages-more esthetic and conservative than metallic restoratives etc. The purposes of this research were to develop a new measurement method and to manufacture an instrument that can measure the initial dynamic volumetric shrinkage of composite resins during polymerization. The instrument was basically an electromagnetic balance that constructed with a force transducer using position sensitive photo detector(PSPD) and a negative feedback servo amplifier of proportional-derivative(PD) controller. The volumetric change of composites during polymerization was detected continuously as buoyancy change in distilled water by means of Archimedes's principle. It was converted to continuous electrical voltage signal in real time. The signal was properly conditioned and filtered and then it was stored in computer by a data acquisition(DAQ) board. By using this electronic instrument. the dynamic patterns of the polymerization shrinkage of eight commercial(Z-100, DenFil, AeliteFil, Z-250, P-60, SureFil, Synergy compact, and Tetric ceram) composite resins were measured and compared. The results were as follows. 1. From this project of developing instrument, the ability has been achieved that can acquire and process data of electrical signal transformed from various physical phenomenon by using temperature, displacement. photo. and force transducer. As a consequence, the instrumentation and measurement system used to analyze the physical characteristics of various dental materials in dental research field can be designed, manufactured and implemented in lab. 2. This instrument has some advantages. It was insensible to temperature change and could measure true dynamic volumetric shrinkage in real time without complicated process. It showed accuracy and high precision results with small standard deviation. 3. The polymerization shrinkage of composites was significantly different between brands and ranged from 2.47％ to 3.89％, The order of polymerization shrinkage was as follows, in order of increasing shrinkage, SureFil, P60, Z250, Z100, Synergy compact. DenFil, Tetric ceram, and AeliteFil. 4. The polymerization shrinkage rate per unit time, dVol％/dt, showed that the instrument can provide an indirect research method for polymerization reaction kinetics.