• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different frequencies (4Hz and 100Hz) of transcutaneous electrical nerve simulation (TENS) on pain relief using c-fos expression in the spinal cord of rat osteoarthritis to investigate the appropriate frequency for pain relief. METHODS: Total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats was used and randomly divided 2 groups according TENS frequency and applicate the TENS during 3 period (3 days, 7 days, 10 days). The induction of osteoarthritis by 3mg monosodium iodoacetat was injected into the right knee joint of rats. Three days later, commercially available TENS unit was used for stimulation was set to 20minutes on 3, 7, 10 days after surgery. Western blot analysis system was used to detect immunoreactive proteins. The thickness of the bands were photographically measured by Scion Image. RESULTS: When investigating the c-fos expression of TENS on spinal cord in OA knee over 10 days, between-groups differences in c-fos expression reached a significant level by day 10. For within-groups comparisons, the c-fos expression decreased significantly across days in low- and high-frequency TENS groups. CONCLUSION: Whether at low- and high-frequency, the TENS as a therapy obtained beneficial effects of pain relief and TNES at high-frequency is more beneficial effects on the pain relief when TENS applied at injury site.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.74-80
• /
• 2000

In this paper, we present a control method of mobile power assist systems. Most of mobile power assist systems have a heavy base for preventing easy tumbling, so continual movement of the base during operations causes high energy consumption and gives the high risk of human injury. Furthermore, the slow dynamics of the base limits the frequency bandwidth of the whole system. Thus we propose a cooperation control method of the mobile base and manipulator, which removes the unnecessary movements of the base. In our scheme, the mobile base does not move until the center of gravity(C.G) of the system goes outside a safety region. When C.G. reaches the boundary of the safety region, the base starts moving to recover the manipulator's initial configuration. By varying the parameters of a human impedance controller, the operator is warned by a force feedback that C.G. is on the marginal safety region. Our scheme is implemented by assigning a nonlinear mass-damper-spring impedance to the tip of the manipulator. Our scheme is implemented by a nonlinear mass-spring impedance to the tip of the manipulator. The experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed control method.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2022

Emergency transport is directly related to the life of the patient, and rapid transport to the hospital is crucial. However, external environmental factors such as traffic or weather, interfere with hospital transport. In this study, we investigated the external environment affecting hospital transport time. We examined the transfer time and patient treatment time of emergency patients in an area of northern Gyeonggi-do from 2018 to 2020. Diagnosis after arrival at the hospital was used, and on-site treatment time was measured from paramedic arrival time at the scene to departure. Furthermore, we examined whether there was a correlation between the time paramedics left the scene and hospital arrival time through the reason for the delay as recorded in the emergency log. Traffic jams had the greatest impact on patient transport, while transport delays occurred due to heavy rain, but not snow. Among injured patients, electrical accidents were the most problematic in terms of on-site treatment time. This was because a lot of first aid is needed in electrical accidents. It must be necessary to mobilize two ambulances in an emergency through the expansion of infrastructure, prepare a plan for rapid transport in heavy rain, and implement strong laws against transport obstruction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2015.08a
• /
• pp.158-158
• /
• 2015

Myoblast are myogenic precursors that proliferate, activate, and differentiate on muscle injury to sustain the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle; The neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, termed also NOS-I) is expressed in normal adult skeletal muscle, suggesting important functions for Nitric oxide (NO) in muscle biology1,2,3. However, the expression and subcellular localization of NO in muscle development and myoblast differentiation are largely unknown. In this study, we examined effects of the nitric oxide generated by a microwave plasma torch, on proliferation/differentiation of rat myoblastic L6 cells. Experimental data pertaining to nitric oxide production are presented in terms of the oxygen input in units of cubic centimetres per minute. The various levels of nitric oxide are observed depending on the flow rate of nitrogen gas, the ratio of oxygen gas, and the microwave power4. In order to evaluate the potential of nitric oxide as an activator of cell differentiation, we applied nitric oxide generated from the microwave plasma torch to L6 skeletal muscles. Differentiation of L6 cells into myotubes was significantly enhanced the differentiation after nitric oxide treatment. Nitric oxide treatment also increase the expression of myogenesis marker proteins and mRNA level, such as myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MHC), as well as cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), However during the myotube differentiation we found that NO activate oxidative stress signaling erks expression. Therefore, these results establish a role of NO and cGMP in regulating myoblast differentiation and elucidate their mechanism of action, providing a direct link with oxidative stress signalling, which is a key player in myogenesis. Based on these findings, nitric oxide generated by plasma can be used as a possible activator of cell differentiation and tissue regeneration.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.68-72
• /
• 1998

With the advent of microvascular free-tissue transfer, this single stage resurfacing method for large scar and soft tissue defects around the wrist in the patients of electrical burn has distinctive advantage over the conventional multistage pedicle-flap transfer. Between 1992 and 1996, we treated 9 cases of 8 patients who had large scar around the wrist due to old electrical burn with free flaps as a preparation of staged tendon graft. Mean age was 30.3 years and average scar area was $6{\times}11cm$. The length of time the injury and free flaps was 9 months on an average. Prior to the free flap, we performed the angiography to all patients in order to evaluate the circulation of the forearm and hand and to choose the recipient vessel. In all cases, proximal ulnar arteries in the forearm remained intact and all radial arteries remained intact in 8 of 9 cases on angiogram. The interosseous arteries were well visualized in all cases. We used the ulnar arteries as a recipient artery. The types of flaps used were f scapular cutaneous flaps, 2 dorsalis pedis flaps and a radial forearm flap. Flap survial was 100 percents with satisfactory functional and cosmetic results. Free flaps using ulnar artery as a recipient artery is one of the useful reconstruction methods for the resurfacing of large scar around the wrist in the patients of old electrical burn.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2001

In July, 2000, A 71-year-old man complained of these symptoms: frequent defecation, urgent need to defecate, fecal leakage, anal pain, flatus, and diarrhea after surgery for colorectal cancer. The symptoms are caused specifically by injury to the bowel and sphincter function. The patient suffered physically and psychologically; but, there was no special treatment in western medicine. Therefore, we treated him with electrical acupuncture for the management of sphincter tone and the alleviation of anal pain. We also treated him with herbal medicine for the recovery of strength and gastro-colic function. As a consequence of these treatments, the bowel disorders improved immediately and successfully, even though there were some limitations. So, We report this case with a brief review of related literatures.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.67 no.7
• /
• pp.910-916
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we developed a shoulder rehabilitation exercise device and monitoring system to remotely provide rehabilitation system for the ones who need shoulder exercises including the patients with rotator cuff rupture. In order to evaluate the severity of shoulder muscle injury, a total of 4 shoulder rehabilitation exercises ((3) shoulder abduction, (2) shoulder flexion, (3) shoulder abduction with elbow flexion, (4) shoulder extension with elbow flexion) were selected and instructed to be performed with a 3 kg dumbbell for 5 times. For EMG (electromyogram) signal analysis, each subject's maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured. EMG signals reflect the activation level of contracting muscles during dynamic exercises. Six participants' muscle activation levels in posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, upper trapezius, and infraspinatus were measured and compared. The mean power spectrum values in the time and frequency domains were compared between two age-matched groups (20s and 50s). The results showed lower muscle activation in the elderly subjects (n=3) compared to that of the ones in their twenties (n=3).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.819-825
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop the speaker recognition system which can select one of operating modes in FES for general paralysis patients. As spiral injury by traffic accident, industrial disaster, or stroke has been increased, the development of FES(Functional Electrical Stimulator) system is urgent to prevent paralysis and atrophy, and to assist the patients walking. For these patients we developed FES system(1). To operate this system one of several operating modes must be selected. As this can not be done by general paralysis patients, an attempt has been tried in this study to select the mode by speaker recognition system. RSC-300 of sensory co. has been chosen as a speaker recognition chip, and PIC16F84 is adapted to interface RSC-300 and FES system.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.243-252
• /
• 2008

It has been reported that long-term exercise on a treadmill (running machine) may cause injury to the joints in a human's lower extremities. Previous works related to analysis of human walking motion are, however, mostly based on clinical statistics and experimental methodology. This paper proposes an analytical methodology. Specifically, this work deals with a comparison of normal walking on the ground and walking on a treadmill in regard to the external and internal impulses exerted on the joints of a human's lower extremities. First, a modeling procedure of impulses, impulse geometry, and impulse measure for the human lower extremity model will be briefly introduced and a new impulse measure for analysis of internal impulse is developed. Based on these analytical tools, we analyze the external and internal impulses through a planar 7-linked human lower extremity model. It is shown through simulation that the human walking on a treadmill exhibits greater internal impulses on the knee and ankle joints of the supporting leg when compared to that on the ground. In order to corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, a force platform was developed to measure the external impulses exerted on the ground for the cases of the normal walking and walking on the treadmill. It is shown that the experimental results correspond well to the simulation results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.497-497
• /
• 2007

We developed the light medical therapy apparatus for external injury cure using a ${\mu}$-controller. This equipment was fabricated by using a high brightness LEDs and a ATmega 128, and designed to enable us to control irradiation timer, intensity and reservation. Especially, to control the light irradiation frequency, and to control the change of output value, TLC5941 was used. Control stage is divided into 4 step by program. Consequently, the current value could be controlled by the change of level in Continue Wave(CW) and the output of a high brightness LEDs could be controlled, stage by stage. In this paper, the designed device was used to find out how a high brightness LEDs light source affects the skin wound of a small animal. In result, compared with none light irradiation animal, the lower incidence of inflammation and faster recovery was shown in light irradiation animal.