• 환경정책연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.57-81
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• 2010

고유가 시대인 현실에서 우리나라는 화석연료에 대한 의존도가 높아 저탄소 녹색성장이 가능한 경제사회 구조로의 전환이 시급하다. 현재 화석연료 사용과 관련된 보조금 개편은 환경에 유해한 투입요소에 대한 보조금을 감축 또는 제거하여 경제적 효율성을 제고하고 환경 피해를 완화시켜 사회 전체적으로 편익을 가져올 수 있는 Win-Win 효과가 기대되는 정책방안이다. 특히, 우리나라 전력부문에서 시행되는 보조금 제도 중에서 산업용, 농업용 및 심야전력에 대한 교차보조금의 경우, 전체 전력부문 보조금의 80% 이상을 차지하는 가장 큰 규모인데 본 논문은 전력부문 환경유해보조금 가운데 가장 큰 비중(연간 약 1조 6,583억원)을 차지하는 교차보조금 제도 중에서 산업용 전기의 환경유해보조금 개편 시 기대될 수 있는 파급효과를 가격탄력성 추정을 통해 파악하였다. 가격탄력성 추정에는 ARDL(자기회귀시차분포) 모형을 이용하였고, 기본 데이터는 1990년부터 2007년까지의 분기별 자료를 이용하였다. 본 연구에서 환경유해보조금 제거로 산업용 전력에 대한 연간 에너지 수요변화량은 -12,475,930MWh만큼 사용량이 감소할 것으로 추정되었으며, 이산화탄소 배출량의 경우를 보면 연간 2,644,897톤이 감소하는 것으로 추정되어 보조금 폐지가 이산화탄소 저감에 상당한 기여를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 EU에서 제시한 오염물질 단위당 환경오염비용을 이용하여 배출저감량을 금액으로 환산하면 산업용 전력보조금 제거로 연간 약 1조 1,914억원의 환경개선편익 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 이산화탄소의 경우 톤당 25유로를 적용하여 계산하면 산업용 전력보조금 제거로 연간 약 1,062억원의 환경개선편익이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.499-520
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• 2020

우리나라 제조업 부문의 상대적 전력투입비율은 OECD 국가들에 비해 높은 편이며 이는 전력가격이 OECD 평균보다 상대적으로 낮은 데에 기인한다. 또한 전력부문은 한국에서 온실가스 배출의 상당한 비중을 점유하고 있는데, 2018년 기준으로 전력생산의 투입연료로 석탄과 천연가스가 41.9%와 26.8%를 차지하기 때문이다. 따라서 우리나라 제조 부문에서 전력가격을 인상할 필요가 있으나 중소기업이 대기업보다 상대적으로 더 많은 영향을 받을 것이라는 우려가 있다. 본 연구는 시간가변적 파라메터 모형인 Kalman Filter 추정법을 이용하여 철강산업에서 대기업과 중소기업 전력수요의 가격 탄력성과 산출 탄력성을 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 기업의 크기에 상관없이 산출량 변화가 가격변화보다 전력수요에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 대기업에서 전력수요에 대한 가격탄력성뿐만 아니라 산출탄력성의 분산이 중소기업보다 더 큰 것으로 추정되었다. 정책적 함의는 철강산업과 같은 에너지다소비 업종에서 어떻게 전력수요를 감축할 것인지에 관련되어 있다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.67-86
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• 1993

A formulation of dynamic traffic assignment between multiple origins and single destination was first introduced in 1987 by Merchant and Nemhauser, and then expanded for multiple destination in the late 1980's (Carey, 1987). Based on behavioral choice theory which provides proper demand elasticities with respect to changes in policy variables, traffic phenomena can be analysed more realistically, especially in peak periods. However, algorithms for these models are not well developed so far(working with only small toy network) and solutions of these models are not unique. In this paper, a new model is developed which keeps the simplicity of static models, but provides the sensitivity of dynamic models with changes of O-D flows over time. It can be viewed as a joint departure time and route choice model, in the given time periods(6-7, 7-8, 8-9 and 9-10 am). Standard multinomial logit model has been used for simulating the choice behavior of destination, mode, route and departure time within a framework of the incremental network assignment model. The model developed is workable in a PC 386 with 175 traffic zones and 3581 links of Seoul and tested for evaluating the exclusive use of Namsan tunnel for HOV and the left-turn prohibition. Model's performance results and their statistical significance are also presented.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2014

This study investigates urban household consumption patterns for clothing items in different income cohorts through the analysis of an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model. Korea quarterly time-series statistics data for urban household expenditures from 1990 to 2013 analyzed household demand. The price and total consumption expenditure elasticities of 4 clothing items (outer wear, shoes, clothing related services and other miscellaneous clothing) for 7 income cohorts were estimated to investigate the clothing consumption patterns of different income cohorts. The study results show that the different household income cohorts have different consumption patterns for clothing items. The elastic demand of total consumption expenditures in the lowest household income cohort suggests that they consume clothing items as luxuries while other households mostly consume them as necessities. The price elasticity for all household income cohorts and clothing items (except the highest household income cohort and outer wear) was found to be elastic. The highest household income cohort had an inelastic price demand for all clothing items that implied a less sensitive clothing consumption change for the clothing price change than other households.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권9호
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• pp.1577-1582
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• 2016

Now we are facing severe environmental issues such as global warming. Due to these, the concerns about eco-friendly energy have been increased. Kyoto protocol and Copenhagen climate change conference are circumstantial evidence of it. With these trends, the interests for the Electric Vehicles(EVs) which do not emit any harmful gases have gradually been raised. Unfortunately, however, massive connection of EVs to the power system could cause negative impacts such as voltage variations, frequency variations and increase of demand power. To prevent the mentioned issues, KEPCO adopts Time-of-Use(ToU) price for EVs charging. Nevertheless, it is important to verify the propriety of the charging system. In this paper, therefore, we used pre-introduced price elasticity concept to predict possible Demand Response(DR) on charging of EVs. And analyzed possible demand power increase according to various price elasticities. Simulation results show that given ToU based charging system would not enough to control the increase of demand power by EVs on the power system. It is concluded, therefore, additional methods and/or algorithms are required.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

본 논문은 의료 및 보건서비스 산업의 특성을 나타내는 새로운 변수인 산업의 마크업, 자본집약도와 수입중간재비중을 포함하는 자기회귀시차모형을 설정하고, 의료 및 보건서비스 산업에 있어서 서비스수출의 각 결정요소탄력도를 추정함으로서 서비스 수출성과를 결정하는 요인을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 또한 본 논문은 의료보건서비스 산업의 특성을 밝히고 서비스수출의 결정요소를 실증적으로 분석함으로서 새로운 방법론을 제시하고 있다. 실증분석결과는 산업구조의 대리변수인 의료 및 보건산업의 마크업, 환율 그리고 이자율의 세 변수가 의료 및 보건서비스 산업에 있어서 서비스수출에 영향을 주는 주요변수임을 밝히고 있다.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.19-37
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• 2019

Over the last few decades, the atmospheric carbon dioxide emission has been amplified to a great extent in Turkey. This amplification may cause global warming, climate change and environmental degradation in Turkey. Consequently, ecological condition and human life may suffer in the near future from these indicated threats. Therefore, an attempt was made to test the relationship among a number of expected factors and carbon dioxide emissions in the case of Turkey. The study covers the time series data over the period of 1970-2017. We employed the modern econometric techniques such as Johansen co-integration, ARDL bound testing approach and the block exogeneity. The results of the Johansen co-integration test show that there is a significant long-run relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and expected factors. The long-run elasticities of the ARDL model show that a 1% increase in the GDP per capita, electric consumption, fiscal development and trade openness will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 0.14, 0.52, 0.09 and 0.20% respectively. Further, our findings reveal that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and inverted U-shaped relationship between carbon dioxide emission and economic growth prevails. Therefore, the EKC hypothesis is valid and prevailing in the Turkish economy. The diagnostic test results show that the parameters of the ARDL model are credible, sTable and reliable in the current form. Finally, Block exogeneity analysis displays that all the expected factors are contributing significantly to carbon dioxide emissions in the Turkish economy.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

The study makes an attempt to investigate the causal nexus between carbon dioxide emissions, GDP per capita, industrialization and population with an evidence from Rwanda by employing a time series data spanning from 1965 to 2011 using the autoregressive distributed lag model. Evidence from the study shows that carbon dioxide emissions, GDP per capita, industrialization and population are co-integrated and have a long-run equilibrium relationship. Evidence from the Granger-causality shows a unidirectional causality running from industrialization to GDP per capita, population to carbon dioxide emissions, population to GDP per capita and population to industrialization. Evidence from the long-run elasticities has policy implications for Rwanda; a 1% increase in GDP per capita will decrease carbon dioxide emissions by 1.45%, while a 1% increase in industrialization will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 1.64% in the long-run. Increasing economic growth in Rwanda will therefore reduce environmental pollution in the long-run which appears to support the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. However, industrialization leads to more emissions of carbon dioxide, which reduces environment, health and air quality. It is noteworthy that the Rwandan Government promotes sustainable industrialization, which improves the use of clean and environmentally sound raw materials, industrial process and technologies.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2008

This study is intended to analyse the economic sensitivity of imported fishery products due to decrease in or elimination of tariff rates through the progress of free trade. Forty-seven species of fishes were selected for this study on the basis of the HS Code. The substitution and price effects were calculated using the price elasticities of both domestic and imported demands for fishery products under the assumption of 5% decrease in a tariff rate. Seven main economic variables were extracted from the fishery industry which can mediate the substitution and price effects. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to obtain the influence weights of these main economic variables on both effects. The order of sensitivity of the fishes was calculated using these weights. The 47 fish species were classified into four groups according to their sensitivity based on the means and the standard deviations of their total scores on seven main economic considerations. Nine fish species such as squids, hair tails, shellfishes, and crabs belonged to the hyper-sensitive group, whereas 15 fishes such as eels, sea breams, and sea weeds belonged to the sensitive group. Twelve species including common sea basses, cods, and abalones were among the less-sensitive group, and 11 species including skate rays and mud fishes comprised the non-sensitive group.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-34
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• 1989

In general, Shopping centers are located in the center of transportation, which induce more traffic concentration than other facilities. As a result, it becomes to one of the aggravating factors of urban ＆ transportation problem such as traffic conjestion, parking problems. Thus, in planning shopping-center, it is desirable that consumer\`s trip pattern is should lie more carefully analyzed in order to alleviate the above problems. This study is aimed at finding the characteristics of shopping tripes and analyzing the choice behavior of shopping center and mode-to-shop. This study has developed a nested logit model in which consumers choose shopping center and mode-to-shop with a sequential structure. The model was estimated using household data from the 1989 May, Seoul metropolitan area and the 18 alternatives of shopping center and 5 mode alternatives. The estimated model have been evaluated and it may be concluded that this model for shopping trips is effective and fesible. The conclusion of this study are as fellows. 1. Out-of-vehicle travel time is more important factor affecting behavior of mode choice than in-vehicle travel time. 2. All of direct-elasticities for mode with respect to the travel time is more elastic than travel cost. 3. Accessibility to shop is more important factor affecting the choice of shopping center than parking space. 4. The value of out-of-vehicle travel time exceeds the value of in-vesicle travel time by 1.64 times.