• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제37권8호
• /
• pp.1452-1462
• /
• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Agaricus blazei polysaccharide (ABP) at varying concentrations on the performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, and microflora of quail. Methods: The study involved a total of 2,700 Korean quails, which were randomly divided into three groups. The measured variables encompassed productive performance, egg parameters, carcass parameters, serum metabolites, immune response parameters, antioxidative properties, and gut microbiome. Results: The addition of ABP did not have a significant effect on average daily feed intake. However, it was found to increase the average daily egg weight and egg production rate, reduce the feed-egg ratio. There were no significant impacts on egg quality measures such as egg shape index, egg yolk index and color, egg yolk and protein content. However, ABP supplementation significantly increased the Hough unit (p<0.01) and decreased the rate of unqualified eggs (p<0.01). Regarding serum parameters, the inclusion led to an increase in total protein concentration (p<0.05) and a reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05). There were no significant effects observed on immune indicators such as immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM. ABP supplementation increased the levels of serum antioxidant indicators, including glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), and total antioxidant capacity colorimeter (p<0.05). Furthermore, ABP supplementation significantly elevated the intramuscular fatty acid content in quail meat. Additionally, ABP supplementation demonstrated a significant improvement in the diversity of gut microbiota and induced alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of ABP enhanced production performance and antioxidant capacity while increasing the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in quail muscle.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.283-286
• /
• 2009

고려홍어의 모식산지인 한반도 남서해안에서 포획한 암컷개체의 자궁에서 직접 적출한 난각 2개를 새롭게 기재하였다. 본종의 난각은 다른 종과 비교하여 보통 크기이고, 뿔(horn)을 포함한 전장은 124.5~133.7 mm, 뿔을 제외한 주부(main portion)의 체장은 102.8~109.4 mm, 최대폭은 41.0~42.2 mm이다. 측면에서 볼 때 배쪽으로 불룩한 비대칭이고, 표면은 비교적 부드러운 편이지만 세로로 미세한 고랑(longitudinal striations)은 뚜렷하고, 매우 발달한 섬유다발(견상사(絹狀絲) silky fibers)로 덥혀 있다. 앞뒤의 apron은 뚜렷하며, 네 뿔은 짧고 튜브모양이고 그 횡단면은 타원형이고, 앞쪽 뿔은 안쪽으로 심하게 구부러져 있으며, 호흡공(respiratory fissure)은 네 뿔의 끝부분에 위치한다. 신선한 상태에서 밝은 갈색이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제23권8호
• /
• pp.1049-1056
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary glutamine (Gln) on the productive performance and egg quality of laying hens. A total of four hundred Lingnan Yellow laying hens aged 34 weeks were randomly assigned into four groups (100 laying hens/group), and fed, respectively, with diets supplemented with 0% (control group), 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% Gln during the 6-week feeding period. The results were as follows. First, the productivity of laying hens fed with 0.8% Gln in diet was significantly increased (p<0.05); however, the egg quality (egg weight, yolk weight, shell weight, egg shape index, shell thickness, shell density, shell breaking strength, yolk color, yolk index, and Haugh unit) was not affected compared with that of the control group (p>0.05). Second, luteinizing hormone (LH) (p<0.01), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (p<0.01), triiodothyronine ($T_3$), and tetraiodothyronine ($T_4$) contents (p<0.05) in blood of laying hens fed with 0.8% Gln in diets were also significantly improved, and greater improvement in the duodenum and oviduct structure was observed in that treatment group. This study indicated for the first time that diets with 0.8% Gln were able to increase the productive performance of laying hens through stimulating hormone secretion and better development of both the duodenum and oviduct structure in laying hens.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.241-245
• /
• 2002

During the breeding season of 1998, breeding ecology of the Great Reed-Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus orientalis) was studied at Yangsoo-ri and Yongdam-ri of the Yangpyung-gun, Kyunggi province, Korea. Egg-weight (CV: 6.25) was more variable than either length or breadth, and breadth was the least variable of the measures. Significant variations in overall egg-weight occurred between clutches, and that more of the total variation in egg-weight and shape are due to inter-clutch variation as to intra-clutch variation when the data were pooled. The last egg tends to be larger than the remaining eggs in the clutch of the Great Reed-Warbler, suggesting the Great Reed-Warbler may adopt the brood-survival strategy. When method 3 was used, the most common incubation period is 12 days. In the Great Reed-Warbler, the length of the incubation period was related to clutch-size when method 1 (r=0.485, p<0.05) and method 2 (r=0.621, p<0.01) were employed, but not related to egg weight. The averagee number of days of hatching asynchrony was 2.5, raging 0.5~2.5. Asynchronous hatching was related to the clutch size (r=0.66, p<0.01). Hatching sequence was closely related to the laying sequence (r=0.93, p<0.001), suggesting Great Reed-Warblers incubate their eggs before clutch completion. The effect of egg weight on hatching asynchrony was found in Great Reed-Warblers (t-test, p<0.01).

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 1997

코끼리조개의 인공종묘생산 기술개발의 일환으로 성숙된 모패를 절개법에 의하여 인공수정시켜 난 발생 및 유생의 발달과정을 관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 코끼리조개의 난은 분리침성란으로 나타났으며, 방란직후 알의 모양은 타원형이나 수정이 되면 직경 $70\mu$m의 구형으로 된다. 수정난의 발생은$ 11^{citc}C$에서 4시간 후 4세포기로 되고, 2일이 지나면 담륜자 유생(trochophore larvae), 수정 후 3일째에는 D상 유생, 23일째에는 각정기, 36일째에는 성숙유생으로 되었다. 수온(w)에 따른 각 단계별 소요시간(t)의 관계를 보면, 8세포 : 1/t=0.0209 w-0.1167 (r=0.9967) 포배기 : 1/t=0.0055 w-0.0192 (r=0.9825) 담륜자기 : 1/t=0.0034 w-0.0155 (r=0.9907) D상 유생기 : 1/t=0.0014 w-0.0023 (r=0.9843) 상기 식에서 산출된 코끼리조개의 생물학적 기초수온은 3.82$^{\circ}C$였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권7호
• /
• pp.1006-1013
• /
• 2015

Heat-stress remains a costly issue for animal production, especially for poultry as they lack sweat glands, and alleviating heat-stress is necessary for ensuring animal production in hot environment. A high ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producer Lactobacillus strain was used to investigate the effect of dietary GABA-producer on laying performance and egg quality in heat-stressed Hy-line brown hens. Hy-Line brown hens (n = 1,164) at 280 days of age were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the amount of freeze-dried GABA-producer added to the basal diet as follows: i) 0 mg/kg, ii) 25 mg/kg, iii) 50 mg/kg, and iv) 100 mg/kg. All hens were subjected to heat-stress treatment through maintaining the temperature and the relative humidity at $28.83{\pm}3.85^{\circ}C$ and 37% to 53.9%, respectively. During the experiment, laying rate, egg weight and feed intake of hens were recorded daily. At the 30th and 60th day after the start of the experiment, biochemical parameters, enzyme activity and immune activity in serum were measured. Egg production, average egg weight, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and percentage of speckled egg, soft shell egg and misshaped egg were significantly improved (p<0.05) by the increasing supplementation of the dietary GABA-producer. Shape index, eggshell thickness, strength and weight were increased linearly with increasing GABA-producer supplementation. The level of calcium, phosphorus, glucose, total protein and albumin in serum of the hens fed GABA-producing strain supplemented diet was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the hens fed the basal diet, whereas cholesterol level was decreased. Compared with the basal diet, GABA-producer strain supplementation increased serum level of glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.009) and superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, GABA-producer played an important role in alleviating heat-stress, the isolated GABA-producer strain might be a potential natural and safe probiotic to use to improve laying performance and egg quality in heat-stressed hens.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2009

경골어류 시클리드과에 속하는 Cichlasoma managuense의 수정란 난막구조를 광학현미경과 전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 수정란은 약황색의 불투명한 부착성 및 침란성란으로 장타원형이었으며 크기는 장축 $1.43{\pm}0.04\;mm$, 단축 $1.85{\pm}0.03\;mm$였다. 수정란의 동물극쪽에서 수정을 위한 정자의 통로로 생각되는 난문이 위치하고 있었고 위란강은 잘 발달되어 있지 않았다. 수정란 난막의 표면에는 부착성 망상구조물들이 덮고 있었고 난문의 형태는 깔때기 형태였다. 수정란 난막의 단면을 관찰한 결과 2층으로 구성되어 있었으며 외층은 부착성 층, 내층은 전자밀도가 서로 다른 $13{\sim}15$층의 층상구조를 하고 있었다. 수정란의 외형은 전형적인 시클리드과에 속하는 다른 어류와 동일한 형태를 하고 있어 과의 특성을 보이며 이들 수정란 난막에서 표면과 단면의 미세구조는 Cichlasoma managuense만이 가지고 있는 종특이성이 될 수 있기 때문에 경골어류의 종을 분류하는데 형태학적 형질로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.500-508
• /
• 2024

Objective: Due to current selection practices for increased egg production and peak persistency, the production profile, age at maturity, and body weight criteria for commercial layers are constantly changing. Body weight and age at the time of photostimulation will thus always be the factors that need to be adequately addressed among various production systems. The current study was carried out to determine the effects of pullets' body weight (low, medium, and heavy) on their performance, welfare, physiological response, and hormonal profile. Methods: With regard to live weight, 150 16-week-old pullets were divided into three groups using a completely randomized design (CRD) and held until the 50th week. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the data under the CRD, and the least significant difference test was used to distinguish between treatment means. Results: In comparison to the medium and light birds, the heavy birds had higher body weight at maturity, an earlier age at maturity, and higher egg weight, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, egg yolk index, breaking strength, egg surface area, egg shape index, egg volume, and hormonal profile except corticosterone. However, the medium and light birds had lower feed consumption rates per dozen eggs and per kilogram of egg mass than the heavy birds. Light birds showed greater body weight gain, egg production, and egg specific gravity than the other categories. At 20 weeks of age, physiological response, welfare aspects, and catalase were non-significant; however, at 50 weeks of age, all these factors-aside from catalase-were extremely significant. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that layers can function at lower body weights during photostimulation; hence, dietary regimens that result in lighter pullets may be preferable. Additionally, the welfare of the birds was not compromised by the lighter weight group.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.234-238
• /
• 2008

고등어 Scomber japonicus의 종묘생산 및 양식가능성을 조사하기위하여 난발생에 따른 수온과 염분의 영향을 조사하였다. 수정란의 난경은 $0.91{\sim}1.33\;mm$였으며, 1개의 유구를 갖고 있는 구형의 분리부성란이었다. 수정에서 부화에 이르기까지 평균 소요시간은 $16^{\circ}C$일 때 약 70시간, $20^{\circ}C$일 때 48시간, $24^{\circ}C$일 때 42시간, $28^{\circ}C$일 때 34시간으로 고수온일수록 빠른 경향이었다. 부화율은 자연해수 조건인 $20{\sim}24^{\circ}C$와 $33{\sim}35\;psu$ 범위에서 가장 양호하였다. 난발생의 각 단계에 이르기까지 수온(T: $^{\circ}C$)에 따른 발생속도(t: hour)는 수온이 높을수록 빨랐으며, 난발생이 진행되지 않는 생물학적 영도는 평균 $6.9^{\circ}C$로 추정되었다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.287-295
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to observe egg and larvae morphological development of carp to obtain basic data for resource conservation and taxonomic research. Brood carp used in the research (total length 67.3-75.5 cm, average $71.0{\pm}3.45cm$) were bred in a circular rearing aquarium ($600{\times}300{\times}100cm$) using a running water system from January to July, 2015. Breeding water temperature was maintained at $23.0-25.0^{\circ}C$(average $24.0^{\circ}C$). Fertilized carp eggs were translucent and globular, and their size was 1.75-1.89 mm (average $1.82{\pm}0.06mm$). Blastoderms formed 10 min after fertilization and reached the two-cell stage 30 min after fertilization. Then, the embryo turned dark and exhibited melanophores, and blood started flowing from the heart across the egg yolk at 42 hrs and 50 min after fertilization. Hatching began 70 hrs and 26 min after fertilization larvae emerged through the egg membrane, starting from the head. The length of prelarvae immediately after hatching was 5.23-5.38 mm (average $5.31{\pm}0.11mm$) the mouth and anus were closed, and the pectoral fin was formed. Postlarvae at 18 days after hatching had a total length of 11.9-13.9 mm (average $12.9{\pm}1.40mm$), separate anal fin and back membranes, and fin ray. Juveniles fish at 35 days after hatching had a total length of 29.9-30.2 mm (average $30.1{\pm}0.13mm$), with the body covered with scales, and the same number of fin rays, color, and shape as their broodstork.