• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.3
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• pp.29-31
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• 1963

This work was carried out to know the hereditary phenomenon of. the egg markings with 4 races preserved at Sericultural Experiment Station from 1962 to 1963. The results are as follows: 1. When crosses (Fig. 1) were made between females showing reticulate egg marks and males showing collected egg markings, the F$_1$ markings were all reticulate. From the reciprocal cross was made between the collected marking females and the reticulate marking males (Fig. 2), all the F$_1$ progeny showed the collected egg markings. 2. In the F$_2$ the expected phenotype for reticulate markings (recessive) was not expressed but the collected markings (dominance) were always appeared. 3. When each F$_2$ moth was inbred, the usual 3:1 ratio was obtained. 4. The F$_1$ egg markings as well as the spindle shape egg were not determined by its own genes but by the genes of its mother, because those were formed before fertilization. The results of such influences, when they can be identified, are called material effects. And such a phenomenon was called pseudomaternal inheritance by Tanaka. (1919)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1190-1196
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of Korean, Japanese and Chinese green tea on laying performance and egg quality in hens. A total of 168 "Tetran Brown" hens aged 40 weeks were assigned to 7 treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had 4 replicates accommodating 6 layers per replication. The seven dietary treatments were: 1) control diet with no green tea added, 2) diet containing 1.0% Korean green tea (1.0% KGT), 3) diet containing 2.0% Korean green tea (2.0% KGT), 4) diet containing 1.0% Japanese green tea (1.0% JGT), 5) diet containing 2.0% Japanese green tea (2.0% JGT), 6) diet containing 1.0% Chinese green tea (1.0% CGT), and 7) diet containing 2.0% Chinese green tea (2.0% CGT). Egg production rate of the layers fed diets containing 1.0 or 2.0% green tea powders were significantly increased compared to that of the control (p<0.05). The egg weight of layers was significantly reduced in layers fed 1.0% CGT (p<0.05). The feed intake was significantly decreased in KGT and CGT groups at 2.0% inclusion levels (p<0.05). The egg shell thickness and shape index of JGT treatment was significantly lower than that of the control (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in albumen index, yolk index and Haugh unit of eggs for layers fed diets containing green tea powders regardless of origin (p>0.05). Green tea feeding to layers tended to reduce the overall cholesterol content of egg yolk. Particularly, 1.0 or 2.0% CGT significantly depressed the total cholesterol content of egg yolk (p<0.05). In conclusion, incorporation of 1.0 or 2.0% Korean, Japanese and Chinese green tea into layer diets regardless of origin had favorable effects on laying performance and egg quality profiles. Among the three green tea sources, the Chinese green tea powder had the highest reducing effect on cholesterol content in egg yolk.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2013

With an increasing concern on laying hen welfare, barn system has appeared as one of the alternatives to replace the conventional cage. This study was conducted to compare the early laying performance and egg quality at the barn system with those at the conventional cage. A total of 288 shaver-579 brown layers were used for 9 weeks ($21^{st}$ to $30^{th}$ weeks of age) feeding study. Feed consumption and egg weight were significantly (P<0.01) higher at barn than at cage. However, there were no significant differences between two housing systems on hen day egg production (HDEP), egg mass, body weight, feed efficiency and livability. In case of egg quality parameters, shell thickness, albumen height and Haugh unit were significantly (P<0.05) different between two systems. Haugh unit and albumen height were significantly higher in eggs produced at cage (88.97 and 8.16 mm) compared than those produced at barn (83.11 and 6.87 mm), whereas shell thickness was thicker in eggs produced at barn than those produced at cage. Shape index, breaking strength, blood spots and yolk index data were not influenced significantly by the types of housing system. To implement welfare bestowing production, this study showed that the barn system can replace the conventional cage without serious sacrifices on starting phase egg production. In addition, this study suggested that the barn system need to be optimized in view of daily feed consumption.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1164-1170
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• 2008

In this study, the effects of propolis and vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) supplementation in diets were investigated on feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion rate (FCR) and digestibility and on egg production and qualities (weight, mortality, shell thickness) in laying hens exposed to heat stress. A total of 150 Hyline White Leghorn, aged 42 weeks, hens was divided into five groups of 30 hens. Chicks were randomly divided into 1 positive control, 1 control and 3 treatment groups. The chicks were kept in cages in temperature-controlled rooms at $22^{\circ}C$ for 24 h/d (positive control, Thermoneutral, TN group) or $34^{\circ}C$ for 9 h/d from 08.00-17.00 h followed by $22^{\circ}C$ for 15 h (control, heat stress, HS group) and fed a basal diet or basal diet supplemented with vitamin C (250 mg/kg of L- ascorbic acid/kg of diet) or two levels of propolis (2 and 5 g of ethanol extracted propolis/kg of diet). Increased FI (p<0.05) and improvement in FCR (p<0.05), hen day egg (p<0.05) and egg weight (p<0.05) were found in Vitamin C and propolis-supplemented laying hens reared under heat stress conditions. Mortality rate was higher in the control group than TN, vitamin C and propolis groups (p<0.05). Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and ether extract improved with increasing of both dietary vitamin C and propolis (p<0.05). Vitamin C or propolis supplementation did not affect either the percentage shape index, yolk index or haugh unit and albumen index (p>0.05). However, the egg shell thickness and egg shell weight appeared to be increased in Vitamin C and propolis groups in comparison to HS group birds (p<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of laying hens with anti-oxidants (vitamin C and propolis) can attenuate heat stress-induced oxidative damage. These positive effects were evidenced by increased growth performance and digestibility, improvement of egg shell thickness and egg weight in comparison to non-supplemented birds. Moreover, supplementation with propolis (5 g/kg diet) was the most efficient treatment.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2022

This study investigated correlations between egg quality indicators to identify external egg quality traits to predict internal egg quality using non-destructive and convenient measurements. Thirteen indicators, including Haugh unit, albumen height, eggshell breaking strength, eggshell thickness, eggshell color (CIE L^*, CIE a^*, CIE b^*), and reflectivity value, egg weight, egg length, egg width, shape index, and yolk color, were investigated. A total of 180 brown eggs were obtained from one 27-week-old flock of Hy-line brown-laying hens raised in a cage system. Correlations were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). The results showed strong correlations between Haugh unit and albumen height, eggshell color CIE L^* and reflectivity, egg weight and width, egg weight and length, eggshell color CIE L^* and CIE a^*, eggshell color CIE a^* and reflectivity, and shape index and egg length (P<0.001). Moderate correlations were observed between eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness, eggshell color CIE a^* and CIE b^*, and shape index and egg width (P<0.001). Eggshell color CIE L^* was correlated with eggshell breaking strength (P<0.01), and eggshell color CIE a^* was correlated with Haugh unit, albumen height (P<0.01), and eggshell breaking strength (P<0.001). The present study showed significant correlations between eggshell color and other quality indicators. Thus, this study suggests that eggshell colors based on reflectiveness and the CIE L^*a^*b^* value can be used to estimate the Haugh unit, albumen height, eggshell breaking strength, and thickness.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2000

The anthocyanin gene encoding flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase(F3,5H) was normally expressed in Nicotiana tobacco (Xanthi) plants cocultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 carrying egg plant flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase cDNA. Northern blot analysis showed the normal expression of F3', 5'H gene from transgenic plants. Here we found the phenotypic differences between transgenic plants and wild-type plants. The petal shape of transgenic plants showed more round shape and around petal tube area was compared to that of wild-type tobacco plants. And the petal color of transgenic plants was much lighter than that of wild-type tobacco plants.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.236-245
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• 1987

Ichthyoplankton were sampled with Bongo net at 13 stations from Chonsu Bay to Keum Estuary from July, 1985 to June, 1986. 19 taxa of pelagic eggs and 45 taxa of larvae were collected. The key to identify the pelagic eggs is based on the number of oil gloubles, the shape of the egg, the sculpture of the chorion, and the size of the egg and the oil globules. The key to the families of fish larvae is based on the morphometric characters such as the body shape, the position of the anus, the pigmentation pattern, and others.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.203-208
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• 2020

This study was carried out to clarify the larvae and juveniles of egg development and autonomous development of Hemibarbus longirostris from Korea, and to obtain basic data for species conservation and seed production. The shape of the egg was circular and sticky. The average size of the eggs was 2.01 mm (n=10). At 185 hours after fertilization, more than 50% of the total embryos were hatched. The newly hatched larvae had an average total length of 8.10 mm (n=5) and had egg yolk in the abdomen. At 3 days after hatching, the larvae absorbed all egg yolk was average total length 8.64 mm. On the 6 days after hatching, the caudal tip of the notochord started to curve upwards was average total length 10.9 mm. At 70 days after hatching, the average total length 37.9 mm. The number of fins was i 8-10 in dorsal fin, iii 7 in the anal fin, and ii 5 in the ventral fin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.276-282
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• 2018

This study examined the effects of low temperature conditions on the expansion of choux when mixing the dough with egg fluid. The egg fluid was tested at 5 and $17^{\circ}C$, and the dough temperature was 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 or $70^{\circ}C$. The expansion decreased with decreasing temperature of the egg fluid and dough, with the concomitant formation of membranes in the cavities of choux because of the poor emulsion stability of the choux paste. In addition, the structure of the choux pastry was not dense and the cracks in the surface were partial and narrow. The shape, expansion and cracks of choux were the best at a dough temperature of 60 and $70^{\circ}C$ added with egg fluid at $17^{\circ}C$. The temperature of the choux paste in these two samples was higher than the melting point of the butter used to produce the paste. Therefore, the practical limit temperature when mixing the egg fluid and dough is 20 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively, and care should ve taken to maintain a low temperature when making choux in confectionary.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2015

The production performance and egg quality traits among five strains of Korean native chickens (KNC) were evaluated in conventional cages. A total of 240 KNC were housed in a controlled environment. Each strain had 12 replicates with 4 chickens per cage. Feed intake, body weights, egg production and egg quality were measured at 24, 28 and 32 of weeks. Egg quality parameters were analyzed using 150 eggs. Results indicated significant (P<0.05) difference in average body weights, egg production and egg weight among five strains of KNC. In contrast, KNC strains effect was non-significant (P>0.05) for feed efficiency. The difference among those KNC strains on egg shell color, egg shell strength and egg shell density were not different (P>0.05) at the age of week 24 while it was significant (P<0.05) at the age of week 28 and 32. There was no effect (P>0.05) on egg length and egg shape index from five strains of KNC. The significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in egg width with KNC strains during early ages (week 24 and 28) and it was not significant (P>0.05) at the age of 32 weeks. Regarding internal quality parameters, albumen height and Haugh unit were significantly (P<0.05) affected with KNC strains while the effect on yolk color was not significant (P>0.05). Based on the egg weight and the production performance, GS-10 KNC strain was superior when compared with the other strains.