• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.229-237
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of natural mineral complex fed to laying hens during the summer in terms of the egg quality. A total of 480 laying hens (160 leghorns, 160 Korean native chickens and 160 silkies, all 62 weeks old), were used for 4 weeks. The four dietary treatments were as follows: CON) basal diet; MC1) CON + 0.1% natural mineral complex (NMC); NMC3) CON + 0.3% NMC, and NMC5) CON + 0.5% NMC. In terms of egg weight, the NMC3 and NMC5 treatments had significantly higher egg weights than that of the CON (p < 0.001) in all species. Eggshell strength in the NMC3 and NMC5 treatments was significantly higher than that of the CON in the leghorns on 2 week (p < 0.01). In the Korean native chickens, the eggshell strength for the NMC1, NMC3 and NMC5 treatments was significantly higher than that of the CON during all periods. In 4 week, the eggshell strength for the CON and NMC1 treatment was significantly higher in the leghorns (p < 0.001), but the MC treatments had a significantly higher eggshell strength than that of the CON in Korean native chickens. Egg production was significantly improved in all the treatments compared to the NMC3 treatment (p < 0.05), and hatchability was also improved compared to the CON (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of natural mineral complex in chicken diets influenced the egg quality during the summer season.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권10호
• /
• pp.1477-1482
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of diets with varying levels of calcium on egg production, shell quality and overall calcium status in aged laying hens. A total of five hundred 70-wk-old Hy-Line Brown layers were divided five groups and fed one of the five experimental diets with 3.5%, 3.8%, 4.1%, 4.4%, or 4.7% Ca, for 10 weeks. There were no significant differences in feed intake, egg production and egg weight among groups. The cracked eggs were linearly reduced as dietary Ca levels increased to 4.7% (p<0.01). A significant linear improvement for eggshell strength and thickness were determined with increasing dietary Ca levels (p<0.01). The contents of serum Ca and phosphorus were not affected by dietary Ca levels. With increase in dietary Ca levels, the tibial breaking strength slightly increased. There were no significant differences in the tibial contents of ash, Ca and phosphorus among groups. In conclusion, eggshell quality, as measured by appearance, strength and thickness of eggshell, were influenced by dietary Ca content as expected (p<0.05). These results suggested that aged laying hens require relatively higher level of Ca than required levels from current Korean feeding standards for poultry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.839-844
• /
• 2012

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of single or multi-particle size limestone on the egg shell quality, egg production, egg quality and feed intake in laying hens. A total of 280 laying hens (ISA brown) were used in this 10-wk trial. Laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 14 replications per treatment and 5 adjacent cages as a replication (hens were caged individually). The experimental treatments were: i) L, basal diet+10% large particle limestone; ii) LS1, basal diet+8% large particle limestone+2% small particle limestone; iii) LS2, basal diet+6% large particle limestone+4% small particle limestone; iv) S, basal diet+10% small particle limestone. The egg production was unaffected by dietary treatments. The egg weight in S treatment was lighter than other treatments (p<0.05). The egg specific gravity in S treatment was lower than other treatments (p<0.05). The eggshell strength and eggshell thickness in S treatment were decreased when compared with other dietary treatments (p<0.05). The laying hens in LS1 and LS2 treatment had a higher average feed intake than the other two treatments (p<0.05). Collectively，the dietary multi-particle size limestone supplementation could be as efficient as large particle size limestone.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 국립축산과학원 가금연구소에서 보존 및 개량 중인 토종닭 순계 5품종 12계통의 난질에 대한 일반능력 및 상관관계 분석을 하였다. 일반능력 분석결과, 난중은 한국화이트레그혼 F계통이 62.7 g으로 가장 무겁게 나타났고, 한국재래계 W계통이 47.5 g으로 가장 가볍게 나타났다. 난백 무게, 난황 무게 및 난각 무게는 난중에 따라 비슷한 양상을 보이지만, 한국코니시 S, H계통은 다른 계통에 비해 난황 무게가 무겁게 나타났다. 난황색은 한국재래계 L계통이 8.8로 가장 진하게 나타났고, 한국화이트레그혼 F계통이 5.7로 가장 연한 색을 보였으며, 한국로드아일랜드레드 품종과 한국화이트레그혼 품종은 품종 내 계통 간 차이를 보였다. 난각색은 한국로드아일랜드레드 C계통이 7.7로 진하였고, 한국코니시 S와 H계통은 6.2와 3.3으로 큰 차이를 보였다. 호우유닛은 한국재래계 L계통이 84.2로 가장 높았고, 토종닭 전체의 호우유닛은 79.9로 나타났다. 호우유닛은 품종에 상관없이 계통에 따른 차이가 크게 나타났다. 난백높이는 호우유닛과 비슷한 결과를 나타냈다. 난각두께는 한국로드아일랜드레드 C와 D계통이 0.342 mm로 가장 얇았고, 한국화이트레그혼 F계통과 K계통의 난각두께는 0.384 mm, 0.393 mm로 두꺼웠으나, 난각강도에서 저조한 성적을 보였다. 대부분 난질형질에서 한국코니시 품종과 한국재래계 품종은 품종 내 계통 간 유의한 능력 차이를 보였고, 한국로드아일랜드레드 품종과 한국화이트레그혼 품종은 품종 내 계통 간 능력이 유의한 차이가 없었다. 토종닭의 난질 형질 간 상관 분석 결과, 난중과 난백 무게, 난황 무게, 난각 무게는 0.92, 0.52, 0.6으로 정의상관을 보였다. 난백 무게 비율, 난황 무게 비율 및 난각 무게비율 간의 상관은 모두 부의 상관을 보였다. 색에 대한 형질은 대부분의 형질과 상관이 없거나 낮은 상관계수를 보였다. 난형 지수는 대부분의 난질 형질과 상관이 없었다. 난백높이와 호우유닛은 난백 형질과 정의 상관을 보였다. 난백높이와 0.97로 높은 정의 상관을 보였다. 난각두께와 난각강도는 난각 형질과 정의 상관을 보였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.1044-1054
• /
• 2020

This study was performed to investigate the effects of lotus leaf hot water extracts treatment on the quality and stability of eggs using impregnation treatment through ultrasonication during storage. A total of 480 eggs were categorized into four treatment groups (n=30 each)-non-treated (CON), soaked for 30 min in lotus leaf hot water extracts without ultrasonication (T1), sonicated in distilled water (T2), and sonicated in lotus leaf hot water extracts (T3)-and stored for 15 d at 30℃. The egg weight, Haugh unit (HU), egg grade, albumen height, yolk color, eggshell thickness, eggshell breaking strength, and weight loss were measured for egg quality assessment. 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) contents were measured as stability indicators. Additionally, total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were evaluated. The HU, egg grade, albumen height, and yolk color of T3 were significantly higher than those of CON (p<0.05). No significant differences in eggshell thickness and eggshell breaking strength are observed among the groups. The weight loss of T3 was significantly lower than that of the other groups during storage (p<0.05). The application of lotus leaf hot water extracts also significantly reduced TBARS and VBN (p<0.05). The TPC, TFC, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of T3 were significantly higher than those of the other groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that lotus leaf hot water extracts may be useful as a natural ingredient for improving the quality and stability of eggs during storage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권10호
• /
• pp.1458-1463
• /
• 2016

A 42-d study with 384 Hy-line brown laying hens was conducted to assess the effects of dietary octacosanol supplementation on laying performance, egg quality and blood metabolites of laying hens. Hens were randomly allocated into 4 dietary groups of 8 cages each, which were fed basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 9 (OCT9), 18 (OCT18), and 27 (OCT27) mg/kg diet of octacosanol isolated from rice bran, respectively. The experiment was conducted in an environmental controlled house and hens were fed twice daily for ad libitum intake. Laying performance was determined over the 42-d period, and egg quality as well as blood metabolites were estimated on d 21 and d 42. Diets in OCT18 and OCT27 increased (p<0.05) laying rate, egg weight, egg mass, egg albumen height, Haugh unit and eggshell strength on d 42, but decreased (p<0.05) feed conversion rate and levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum as compared to those of Control. Feed intake, yolk color, yolk diameter, eggshell thickness and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar (p>0.05) among treatments. Results demonstrate that supplementing 18 to 27 mg/kg diet of rice bran octacosanol can improve laying rate and egg quality and reduce blood lipid of laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.290-296
• /
• 2003

Tsaiya ducks and Leghorn hens are the two major laying birds raised in Taiwan. They are all excellent egg layers. Tsaiya ducks are small in body size (1.3 kg) with bigger egg weight (65 g) and stronger eggshell breaking strength than eggs from hens. The eggshell consists mainly of calcium carbonate, hence calcium plays an important role in the eggshell formation. Magnesium is also present in eggshell in small amounts, which may have effect on maintaining eggshell quality. In comparison studies, it was shown that the duck eggshells contained higher calcium and lower magnesium content than chicken eggshells. The eggshell magnesium content was not affected by the dietary magnesium levels (690-2380 ppm) in ducks, but in hens, it increased linearly with dietary magnesium levels. The palisade layer ($5000{\times}$) of the eggshell was found to have a compact form for ducks while there are many hallow vesicles in chicken eggshells. The eggshell magnesium deposition model is different for ducks and hens with ducks having a one-peak and hens having a two-peak model. The calcium deposition model is similar for both birds. Both the carbonic anhydrase specific activity and total activity in the shell gland mucosa of ducks are higher than those in hens. Ducks retain higher magnesium and lower calcium in the shell gland mucosa and secret less magnesium and more calcium into the shell gland lumen for eggshell deposition. The ATPase specific activity is maintained fairly constant during the eggshell forming stage, indicating continuous calcium transport into the shell gland lumen for eggshell formation. The magnesium content in duck eggshells is much lower than that in hens indicating that the magnesium content in the eggshell may have an effect on eggshell quality.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 1998

The effects of dietary levels and feeding period of Korean hot pepper (Capsicum annum) seed on the performance and egg quality were investigated. Rhode Island Red layers of 84 wk of age were fed the experimental diets containing O.O(Control), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% of HPS, respectively, in individual cages during 10 wk of the feeding period. The dietary hot pepper seed significantly(P<0.05) improved hen-day egg production and daily egg rnass, but reduced egg weight(P<0.05). During the 10 wk of the feeding period, the egg production and daily egg mass improved after 6 or 7 wk of feeding 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0% hot pepper seed diets. When the layers were fed the 3.0% HPS diet, it only took 1 wk to improve the egg production and daily egg mass. In addition, the birds fed 3.0% hot pepper seed diet showed relatively constant egg weight while those of the Control increased gradually as the feeding period passed. The dietary hot pepper seed significantly improved the eggshell thickness, and redness and whole color of egg yolk. The results indicate that dietary hot pepper seed( $\geq$2.0%) may improve the egg production and egg shell thickness, and increase the redness of egg yolk in layers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.671-682
• /
• 2006

본 실험은 산란종계 노계에서 이소플라본과 CPP의 첨가 급여가 종란 생산성 및 후기 난각질에 미치는 영향과 Ca 대사에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위한 목적으로 실시하였다. 56주령의 Hy-Line Brown 산란종계 암탉 360수와 수탉 36수를 공시하여 사료 내 Ca을 3.3% 및 3.6% 수준으로 하고 이소플라본과 CPP를 각각 0.2% 및 0.5% 수준으로 첨가한 총 6개의 실험사료(3반복)를 5주간 급여하였다. 주별로 사료섭취량을 조사하였고, 산란율과 난중은 매일 조사하였다. 주별로 생산된 종란으로부터 종란율과 부화율을 조사하였다. 실험사료 급여 후 생산된 계란을 반복구별로 수집하여 난각질 및 난각막 내 glycosaminoglycan과 uronic acid 분석에 이용하였다. 실험 종료 시 반복구별로 평균체중이 비슷한 개체를 선발하여 채혈 후 희생시킨 다음 경골을 적출하였다. 채취한 경골은 화학적 조성의 분석을 위한 시료로 이용하였고, 얻어진 혈액에서 화학성분 및 호르몬 분석을 실시하였다.사료섭취량, 난생산성 및 종란율에서는 처리간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 사료 내 Ca 수준 및 이소플라본 첨가는 난각강도를 각각 유의하게 개선시킨 것으로 나타났으며, CPP의 첨가에 의해서는 특별한 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 수정율 및 부화율에서도 처리간에 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 경골강도 및 경골 내 성분 조성에서 사료 내 Ca 수준 및 이소플라본과 CPP의 첨가 효과는 발견되지 않았다. 혈중 Ca, P, estrogen 및 calcitonin 농도 역시 처리간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험에서는 사료 내 Ca 수준의 증가 및 이소플라본 같은 Ca의 이용성에 영향을 미치는 성분을 적절히 활용함으로서 후기 난각질의 개선을 통해 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 종란 생산성에 대해서는 이소플라본 및 CPP의 첨가가 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.404-408
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the effects of laying productivity and egg quality according to providing germinated and fermented soybean (GFS) as feed additive. Among the strain, we selected Monascus purpureus KCCM 12002 so that inoculated in soybean and fermented for 48 h at $20^{\circ}C$. A total of two-hundred forty 70-wk-old Hy-Line Brown layers were divided into four groups (4 treatment${\times}$6 replication${\times}$10 birds each) and fed diets containing 0 (as control) (T1), 0.5% (T2), 1.0% (T3) or 2.0% GFS (T4) for 6 wk. The laying productivity, egg quality and blood property in the egg yolk were experimented. There were no significant differences in the laying productivity, relative liver and spleen weights, egg yolk color and eggshell strength among another groups. The eggshell color, eggshell thickness and haugh unit significantly increased in the GFS-supplemented group (p<0.05) compared to control. However, no significant differences were observed in the blood property after supplementation. The amount of lactic acid bacteria present during storage increased by providing of GFS (p<0.05) compare to control group. Our study results suggested that GFS can be used as a favorable feed additive and feedstuff for the productivity of high quality eggs and promoted relative industry.