• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.214-220
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• 1993

Browning of ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, meat occurres very rapidly when skinned off or cut during processing and it resulted the quality loss of fresh frozen, dehydrated or fermented products. In this study, the causes of color development and prevention of browning were experimented. The browning of ascidian meat may be occurred enzymatically by a tyrosinase contained in meat and viscera which acted specifically on L-tyrosine as a substrate rather than on catechol. Activity of the enzyme in viscera was three times higher than in meat. The optimum pH and temperature on the tyrosinase activity of crude enzyme obtained from ascidian was 6.0 and $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was inactivated heating at $80^{\circ}C$ for 3 minutes or $90{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute and it was inhibited by $0.1{\sim}0.5mM$ solutions at ascorbic acid, sodium hydrogen sulfite, cystein, citric acid, cyanide but only sodium hydrogen sulfite treatment was effective to retard such a high content of enzyme as in case of viscera. In practical use for processing of ascidian meat browning was retarded by dipping the viscera removed ascidian meat in 0.2M citric acid for 5 minutes or $0.2\%$ sodium hydrogen sulfite solution for 1 minute resulting in sulfur dioxide residue less than 100 ppm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.719-730
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• 2017

Recently, oceanic research has been carried out investigating global scientific interests and the territorial management of national marine jurisdictional waters, including exclusive economic zones (EEZ) and the open seas. To meet the needs of ocean researchers pursuing these - objectives, acquiring advanced research infrastructure, including research vessels, large facilities, and equipment, is a top priority in ocean science. However, ocean science is a similar to space science, and securing resources and state-of-the-art technology can be expensive. Faced with these challenges, our study focused on establishing a strategy for the efficient operation and management of research vessels, attempting to establish benchmarks from foreign examples that can be adapted to suit the target context. The results of this study provide ways to identify operating systems that could increase the efficiency of joint-use research vessels. The different systems examined in this study included a joint-use committee-based management system (JCMS, Type 1), private enterprise entrusted operating system (PEOS, Type 2), institutional investment operating system (IIOS, Type 3), and commissioned executive operating system (CEOS, Type 4). The efficiencies of JCMS, PEOS, IIOS and CEOS were 9.17, 5.82, 11.2 and -1.72 %, respectively. Given the total costs involved, the most affordable operating system was IIOS. JCMS was the most cost-effective system based on a quantitative cost-benefit analysis, but IIOS also had an acceptable cost-benefit balance. An operational committee would be required and regulations and guidelines shoulde be established to employ, JCMS, while a strategy to yield independent revenue would be needed to utilize an IIOS system.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.256-268
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• 2016

This article reviews the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering during 2015. It is intended to understand the status of current research in the areas of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and indoor environments of buildings and plant facilities. Conclusions are as follows. (1) The research works on the thermal and fluid engineering were carried out in the areas of flow, heat and mass transfer, cooling and heating, and air-conditioning, the renewable energy system and the flow inside building rooms. Research issues dealing with air-conditioning machines and fire and exhausting smoke were reduced. CFD seems to be spreading to more research areas. (2) Research works on heat transfer area were carried out in the categories of heat transfer characteristics, pool boiling and condensing heat transfer and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included the economic analysis of GHG emission, micro channel heat exchanger, effect of rib angle on thermal performance, the airside performance of fin-and-tube heat exchangers, theoretical analysis of a rotary heat exchanger, heat exchanger in a cryogenic environment, the performance of a cross-flow-type, indirect evaporative cooler made of paper/plastic film. In the area of pool boiling and condensing, the bubble jet loop heat pipe was studied. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, researches were performed on fin-tube heat exchanger, KSTAR PFC and vacuum vessel at baking phase, the performance of small-sized dehumidification rotor, design of gas-injection port of an asymmetric scroll compressor, effect of slot discharge-angle change on exhaust efficiency of range hood system with air curtain. (3) In the field of refrigeration, various studies were carried in the categories of refrigeration cycle, alternative refrigeration/energy system, system control. In the refrigeration cycle category, a cold-climate heat pump system, $CO_2$ cascade systems, ejector cycles and a PCM-based continuous heating system were investigated. In the alternative refrigeration/energy system category, a polymer adsorption heat pump, an alcohol absorption heat pump and a desiccant-based hybrid refrigeration system were investigated. In the system control category, turbo-refrigerator capacity controls and an absorption chiller fault diagnostics were investigated. (4) In building mechanical system research fields, eighteen studies were reported for achieving effective design of the mechanical systems, and also for maximizing the energy efficiency of buildings. The topics of the studies included energy performance, HVAC system, ventilation, and renewable energies, piping in the buildings. Proposed designs, performance tests using numerical methods and experiments provide useful information and key data which can improve the energy efficiency of the buildings. (5) The field of architectural environment was mostly focused on indoor environment and building energy. The main researches of indoor environment were related to the user and location awareness technology applied dimming lighting control system, the lighting performance evaluation for light-shelves, the improvement evaluation of air quality through analysis of ventilation efficiency and the evaluation of airtightness of sliding and LS window systems. The subjects of building energy were worked on the energy saving estimation of existing buildings, the developing model to predict heating energy usage in domestic city area and the performance evaluation of cooling applied with economizer control. The studies were also performed related to the experimental measurement of weight variation and thermal conductivity in polyurethane foam, the development of flame spread prevention system for sandwich panels, the utilization of heat from waste-incineration facility in large-scale horticultural facilities.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.191-205
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• 1995

The carrier materials used for the development of bacterial inoculants to be effective in field were made with various carrier materials of two major forms, alginate bead and powder inoculants. Inoculants were prepared after mixing those carrier materials with Pseudomonas fluorescens SSL3 and Bacillus subtilis B5, and the treatment effects of each inoculants was investigated on cucumber, tomato, pepper and potato. Survival density of SSL3 and B5 in various carrier materials for duration of storage and the bead inoculants were better than the powder. In the powders, survival rate increased in carrier materials treated 5% skimilk. The growth condition of microorganisms in carrier materials is good at powder. When they were preserved in the long period, contamination is problem. Scanning(200 to 600nm) of the P. fluorescens SSL3 supernatant in centrifuged MKB broth incubated for 48h had two main peaks, pyochelin(300nm) and pyoverdin(400nm). The potato yield in field experiments of spring, treated with bead formulas showed increase of 22~29% in whole potato breeds as compared with control, because the bead formulas degraded, and released the antibiotic microorganisms in slow and constant rate. In the pot experiment, there were significant difference in soil, wheatbran, and bead formed wheatbran.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2019

Big data refers to data that is difficult to store, manage, and analyze by existing software. As the lifestyle changes of consumers increase the size and types of needs that consumers desire, they are investing a lot of time and money to understand the needs of consumers. Companies in various industries utilize Big Data to improve their products and services to meet their needs, analyze unstructured data, and respond to real-time responses to products and services. The financial industry operates a decision support system that uses financial data to develop financial products and manage customer risks. The use of big data by financial institutions can effectively create added value of the value chain, and it is possible to develop a more advanced customer relationship management strategy. Financial institutions can utilize the purchase data and unstructured data generated by the credit card, and it becomes possible to confirm and satisfy the customer's desire. CRM has a granular process that can be measured in real time as it grows with information knowledge systems. With the development of information service and CRM, the platform has change and it has become possible to meet consumer needs in various environments. Recently, as the needs of consumers have diversified, more companies are providing systematic marketing services using data mining and advanced CRM (Customer Relationship Management) techniques. KB Kookmin Card, which started as a credit card business in 1980, introduced early stabilization of processes and computer systems, and actively participated in introducing new technologies and systems. In 2011, the bank and credit card companies separated, leading the 'Hye-dam Card' and 'One Card' markets, which were deviated from the existing concept. In 2017, the total use of domestic credit cards and check cards grew by 5.6% year-on-year to 886 trillion won. In 2018, we received a long-term rating of AA + as a result of our credit card evaluation. We confirmed that our credit rating was at the top of the list through effective marketing strategies and services. At present, Kookmin Card emphasizes strategies to meet the individual needs of customers and to maximize the lifetime value of consumers by utilizing payment data of customers. KB Kookmin Card combines internal and external big data and conducts marketing in real time or builds a system for monitoring. KB Kookmin Card has built a marketing system that detects realtime behavior using big data such as visiting the homepage and purchasing history by using the customer card information. It is designed to enable customers to capture action events in real time and execute marketing by utilizing the stores, locations, amounts, usage pattern, etc. of the card transactions. We have created more than 280 different scenarios based on the customer's life cycle and are conducting marketing plans to accommodate various customer groups in real time. We operate a smart offering system, which is a highly efficient marketing management system that detects customers' card usage, customer behavior, and location information in real time, and provides further refinement services by combining with various apps. This study aims to identify the traditional CRM to the current CRM strategy through the process of changing the CRM strategy. Finally, I will confirm the current CRM strategy through KB Kookmin card's big data utilization strategy and marketing activities and propose a marketing plan for KB Kookmin card's future CRM strategy. KB Kookmin Card should invest in securing ICT technology and human resources, which are becoming more sophisticated for the success and continuous growth of smart offering system. It is necessary to establish a strategy for securing profit from a long-term perspective and systematically proceed. Especially, in the current situation where privacy violation and personal information leakage issues are being addressed, efforts should be made to induce customers' recognition of marketing using customer information and to form corporate image emphasizing security.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.312-317
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• 2019

This study was conducted with the purpose of examining the suitability of Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss. as cut flower, so that it may be introduced as a new ornamental crop. For this purpose, effect of various holding solutions on vase solution uptake rate, vase life, and relative fresh weight of cut flowering branches of E. jolkinii was examined. After harvest, cut branches were treated with 10, 50, and $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS), 0.1 and 0.2 mM of silver thiosulfate (STS), Chrysal, and Floralife. The cut branches of E. jolkinii were placed under the environmental conditions maintained at air temperature of $22.6^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of 45%, and 9/15h photoperiod that was controlled using fluorescent lamps (light intensity of $9.89{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$). A holding solution containing $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 8-HQS was found to be significantly effective for vase solution uptake rate compared to control, $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 8-HQS, and $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 8-HQS treatments. However, no significant difference was found in vase life between the branches treated with $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 8-HQS holding solution and branches of the control group. Increasing holding solution concentrations of STS was found to have negative effect on the vase life of cut E. jolkinii branches. Relative fresh weight of cut E. jolkinii branches were significantly decreased by two commercial holding solutions, Chrysal and Floralife. It is expected that these results would aid further studies on utilization of E. jolkinii as cut flower crop.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.1071-1079
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• 2020

For integrated water management, it is essential to secure basic data such as the amount of agricultural water intake. The river water intake through the intake weir is carried out through the agricultural irrigation canal, and a method for measuring the quantity of water intake is required to suit the characteristics of the measuring points. In this study, the accuracy of the calculated flow data was determined by applying a microwave water surface current meter. The microwave water surface current meter is a method of calculating surface velocity using doppler effect, which is mainly used in high-velocities situations such as flood. Surface velocity is difficult to represent the average velocity of the entire section at low dicharges or high wind speeds, it is considered to be low in continuous utilization throughout the year, and it is necessary to verify whether the measurement using an microwave water surface curren meter is appropriate in agricultural irrigation canal. The data measured with an microwave water surface curren meter were compared with the actual flow data to calculate the intake data in agricultural irrigation canal. In agricultural irrigation canal, the low-level discharge calculated using an microwave water surface current meter at a minimum velocity of about 0.3 m/s and a minimum discharge of about 1.0 m3/s or higher was found to have a high tendency and accuracy compared to the standard discharge, especially when the high discharge was high. Although effective results can be obtained in terms of quantity at low discharge, it is deemed that subsequent studies are needed to calculate the average discharge of the cross section at low discharge, given that the trend of data is unstable. Through this study, it is suggested that it is appropriate to calculate the amount of water intake through the microwave water surface current meter in artificial waterways with a certain discharge or higher, so it is expected to be widely distributed as a method for measuring river water intake.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.578-587
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• 2022

Korea, as the world's 7^th largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has raised the national greenhouse gas reduction target as international regulations have been strengthened. As it is possible to utilize coastal and marine ecosystems as important nature-based solutions (NbS) for implementing climate change mitigation or adaptation plans, the blue carbon ecosystem is now receiving attention. Blue carbon refers to carbon that is deposited and stored for a long period after carbon dioxide (CO₂) is absorbed as biomass by coastal ecosystems or oceanic ecosystems through photosynthesis. Currently, there are only three blue carbon ecosystems officially recognized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses. However, the results of new research on the high CO₂ sequestration and storage capacity of various new blue carbon sinks, such as seaweeds, microalgae, coral reefs, and non-vegetated tidal flats, have been continuously reported to the academic community recently. The possibility of IPCC international accreditation is gradually increasing through scientific verification related to calculations. In this review, the current status and potential value of seaweeds, seagrass fields, and non-vegetated tidal flats, which are sources of blue carbon on the east coast, are discussed. This paper confirms that seaweed resources are the most effective NbS in the East Sea of Korea. In addition, we would like to suggest the direction of research and development (R&D) and utilization so that new blue carbon sinks can obtain international IPCC certification in the near future.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1505-1514
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• 2022

Image matching is a crucial preprocessing step for effective utilization of multi-temporal and multi-sensor very high resolution (VHR) satellite images. Deep learning (DL) method which is attracting widespread interest has proven to be an efficient approach to measure the similarity between image pairs in quick and accurate manner by extracting complex and detailed features from satellite images. However, Image matching of VHR satellite images remains challenging due to limitations of DL models in which the results are depending on the quantity and quality of training dataset, as well as the difficulty of creating training dataset with VHR satellite images. Therefore, this study examines the feasibility of DL-based method in matching pair extraction which is the most time-consuming process during image registration. This paper also aims to analyze factors that affect the accuracy based on the configuration of training dataset, when developing training dataset from existing multi-sensor VHR image database with bias for DL-based image matching. For this purpose, the generated training dataset were composed of correct matching pairs and incorrect matching pairs by assigning true and false labels to image pairs extracted using a grid-based Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm for a total of 12 multi-temporal and multi-sensor VHR images. The Siamese convolutional neural network (SCNN), proposed for matching pair extraction on constructed training dataset, proceeds with model learning and measures similarities by passing two images in parallel to the two identical convolutional neural network structures. The results from this study confirm that data acquired from VHR satellite image database can be used as DL training dataset and indicate the potential to improve efficiency of the matching process by appropriate configuration of multi-sensor images. DL-based image matching techniques using multi-sensor VHR satellite images are expected to replace existing manual-based feature extraction methods based on its stable performance, thus further develop into an integrated DL-based image registration framework.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.8-17
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• 2004

Antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidative activities of ethanol extracts from 65 families 263 species were investigated to select tree species for the utilization of natural fungicide or preservative resources. The antifungal activities of extracts from wood, leaf and bark were measured as hyphal growth inhibition rate using four plant pathogenic and five wood rotting fungi. High inhibitory effect on the fungi growth was found in five species of Pinaceae (Pinus koraiensis, P. rigida, P. densiflora, P. banksiana. Cedrus deodara), three species of Cupressaceae (Juniperus rigida, J. chinensis, Chamaecyparis obtusa) and three species of Leguminosae (Albizzia julibrisssin, Sophora japonica, Maackia amurensis), respectively. Antibacterial activities of ethanol extracts were determined by means of disc-agar plate diffusion method using three gram-positive and five gram-negative bacteria. The ethanol extracts, which showed prominent effect on the suppression of bacteria growth, were six species of Betulaceae (Carpinus tschonoskii, C. coreana, C. laxiflora, Alnus hirsuta, A. firma, Betula schmidtii), five species of Fagaceae (Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Quercus serrata, Q. mongolica, Q aliena, C crenata), four species of Euphorbiaceae (Aleurites fordii, Sapium sebiferum, S japonicum Mallotus japonicus) and three species of Elaeagnaceae (Elaeagnus umbellata, Elaeagnus glanbra, Elaeagnus macrophylla). According to these results, the extracts from Zelkova serrata, Pinus densiflora, Maackia amurensis, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Juniperus chinensis could be available for natural fungicide or food preservatives, because ethanol extracts from these species indicated excellent antifungal and antibacterial activities. In order to test antioxidative activities of ethanol extracts, free radical scavenging method was adopted with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrohydrazyl (DPPH). Free radical scavenging activity was proved very high in the extracts of eight species of Rosaceae (Eriobotrya japonica, Prunus takesimensis, P yedoensis, P padus, P armeniaca var. ansu, Chaenomeles sinensis, Stephanandra incisa, Rosa multiflora) and five species of Ericaceae (Rhododenron mucronulatum, R. scblippenbacbii, R. yedoense var. poukhanense, Vaccinium bracteatum, V oldbami), resvectively. It turned out from this study that only six species among 48 species of Rosaceae showed less than 80% free radical scavenging activity. As a consequences, it could be deduced that the components effective on antioxidative activity commonly exist in Rosaceae plant family.