• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 1999

An effective moment of inertia is developed for a rectangular, prismatic elastoplastic beam with elastic, linear-hardening material behavior. The particular solution for a beam with elastic, perfectly plastic material behavior is also presented with applications for beam bending in closed-form. Equations are presented for the direct application of the virtual work method for elastoplastic beams with concentrated and distributed loads. Comparisons are made between the virtual work method deflections and the deflections obtained by using an average effective moment of inertia over two lengths of the beam in the elastoplastic region.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.295-313
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• 2005

This paper evaluates the effective width of composite steel beams with precast hollowcore slabs numerically using the finite element method. A parametric study, carried out on 27 beams with different steel cross sections, hollowcore unit depths and spans, is presented. The effective width of the slab is predicted for both the elastic and plastic ranges. 8-node three-dimensional solid elements are used to model the composite beam components. The material non-linearity of all the components is taken into consideration. The non-linear load-slip characteristics of the headed shear stud connectors are included in the analysis. The moment-deflection behaviour of the composite beams, the ultimate moment capacity and the modes of failure are also presented. Finally, the ultimate moment capacity of the beams evaluated using the present FE analysis was compared with the results calculated using the rigid - plastic method.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제11권2호통권39호
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• pp.213-222
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• 1999

ALFD방법은 연속합성판형교의 과재하중과 최대하중에 대한 강도검토에 있어서 실제적인 거동을 나타낼 수 있는 탄소성해석법이다. 주어진 하중으로 인한 최대 정, 부모멘트단면에서의 항복은 활하중이 통과한 후에 잔류하는 소성회전을 일으킨다. 또한 제조시의 잔류응력으로 인하여 이론적인 항복모멘트 이하에서도 소성변형을 일으킨다. 이러한 국부항복은 다음에 작용되는 과재하중하에서 탄성화되어 정의 자생모멘트를 유발한다. 본 연구에서는 지점과 최대 정모멘트 단면에서의 단위소성회전각으로 인한 자생모멘트를 공액보법과 3연모멘트법에 의하여 구하였고, 9개의 설계경간을 지점단면을 감소시켜가면서 본 연구에서 개발한 전산프로그램에 의하여 연속관계와 모멘트-비탄성회전각 실험곡선과 일치하는 자생모멘트를 구하였다. 또한 한국도로교시방서에 준하여 비조밀단면을 갖는 3경간 연속합성판형교의 평가를 수행하였다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1998년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring 1998
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• pp.57-64
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• 1998

This paper presents the cyclic seismic performance of slip-critically designed, high-strength bolted-beam splice in steel moment frame. Before the moment connection reaching its plastic strength, unexpected premature slippage occurred at the slip-critically designed beam splice during the test. The experimentally observed frictional coefficients were as low as about 50% to 60% of nominal (code) value. Nevertheless, the bearing type behavior mobilized after the slippage transferred the increasing cyclic loads successfully, i.e., the consequence of slippage into bearing was not catastrophic to the connection behavior. The test result seems to indicate that the traditional beam splice design basing upon (bolt-hole deducted) effective flange area criterion may not be sufficient in developing the plastic strength of moment connections under severe earthquake loading. New procedure for achieving slip-critical beam splice design is proposed based on capacity design concept.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.93-100
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• 1998

본 논문은 고성능 철근콘크리트 보의 휨강성, 소성힌지 길이 및 소성힌지의 회전능력에 관한 연구이다. 실험은 철근비, 콘크리트 강도 및 하중 재하형태(1점가력과 2점가력)를 변수로 하여 총 15개의 철근콘크리트 단순보에 대하여 행하여 졌다. 콘크리트의 실린더 압축강도가 700kg/${cm}^2$, 슬럼프 20~25 cm 및 슬럼프 플로우가 60~70cm인 고성능 철근콘크리트 및 보통 강도 철근콘크리트 단순보의 휨실험결과, 본 실험의 경우에 고성능 철근콘크리트 보의 극한 곡률을 구할 때는 ${\varepsilon}_{cu}=0.0047$의 값을 사용할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 고성능 철근콘크리트 단순보의 휨강성을 평가하기 위해 유효단면 2차 모멘트를 구하는 식과 고성능콘크리트 단순보에 2점 하중을 가하는 경우 등가 소성힌지 길이를 구하는 식이 본 실험의 경우에 대해서 제시되었다. 극한 모멘트 상태에서 이러한 식을 사용하여 구한 처짐값은 실험값과 비교적 일치하게 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.419-444
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• 2009

Flange and web local buckling in beam plastic hinge regions of steel moment frames can prevent beam-column connections from achieving adequate plastic rotations under earthquake-induced forces. Reducing the flange-web slenderness ratios (FSR/WSR) of beams is the most effective way in mitigating local member buckling as stipulated in the latest seismic design specifications. However, existing steel moment frame buildings with beams that lack the adequate slenderness ratios set forth for new buildings are vulnerable to local member buckling and thereby system-wise instability prior to reaching the required plastic rotation capacities specified for new buildings. This paper presents results from a research study investigating the cyclic behavior of steel I-beams modified by a welded haunch at the bottom flange and reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymers at the plastic hinge region. Cantilever I-sections with a triangular haunch at the bottom flange and flange slenderness ratios higher then those stipulated in current design specifications were analyzed under reversed cyclic loading. Beam sections with different depth/width and flange/web slenderness ratios (FSR/WSR) were considered. The effect of GFRP thickness, width, and length on stabilizing plastic local buckling was investigated. The FEA results revealed that the contribution of GFRP strips to mitigation of local buckling increases with increasing depth/width ratio and decreasing FSR and WSR. Provided that the interfacial shear strength of the steel/GFRP bond surface is at least 15 MPa, GFRP reinforcement can enable deep beams with FSR of 8-9 and WSR below 55 to maintain plastic rotations in the order of 0.02 radians without experiencing any local buckling.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2001

In order to investigate the effect of single tensile overload on the short crack growth behavior under the out-of-plane cyclic bending moment, crack opening stresses were continuously measured by an elastic compliance method using strain gages. The characteristics of short crack growth after the single tensile overload are analyzed by the effective stress range ratio. Futhermore, the investigation was carried out with respect to various fatigue crack growth behaviors such as the plastic zone size effect on crack retardation, the retarded crack length and the number of cycles.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.669-681
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• 2017

The design of reinforced concrete buildings must satisfy the serviceability stiffness criteria in terms of maximum lateral deflections and inter story drift in order to prevent both structural and non-structural damages. Consideration of plastic hinge formation is also important to obtain accurate failure mechanism and ultimate strength of reinforced concrete frames. In the present study, an iterative procedure has been developed for the analysis of reinforced concrete frames with cracked elements and consideration of plastic hinge formation. The ACI and probability-based effective stiffness models are used for the effective moment of inertia of cracked members. Shear deformation effect is also considered, and the variation of shear stiffness due to cracking is evaluated by reduced shear stiffness models available in the literature. The analytical procedure has been demonstrated through the application to three reinforced concrete frame examples available in the literature. It has been shown that the iterative analytical procedure can provide accurate and efficient predictions of deflections and ultimate strength of the frames studied under lateral and vertical loads. The proposed procedure is also efficient from the viewpoint of computational time and convergence rate. The developed technique was able to accurately predict the locations and sequential development of plastic hinges in frames. The results also show that shear deformation can contribute significantly to frame deflections.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.351-364
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• 2013

This paper presents results from an analytical investigation of the behavior of steel reinforced concrete circular column sections with additional Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP) bars. The primary application of this composite section is to relocate the plastic hinge region from the column-footing joint where repair is difficult and expensive. Mainly, the study focuses on the development of the full nominal moment-axial load (M-P) interaction diagrams for hybrid concrete sections, reinforced with steel bars as primary reinforcement, and GFRP as auxiliary control bars. A large parametric study of circular steel reinforced concrete members were undertaken using a purpose-built MATLAB(c) code. The parameters considered were amount, location, dimensions and mechanical properties of steel, GFRP and concrete. The results indicate that the plastic hinge was indeed shifted to a less critical and congested region, thus facilitating cost-effective repair. Moreover, the reinforced concrete steel-GFRP section exhibited high strength and good ductility.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1998

고력볼트로서 슬립이 발생치 않도록 설계된 철골모멘트골조의 보 이음부의 내진거동을 반복재하 실물대 실험을 통하여 평가하였다. 예상과는 달리 모메트 접합부가 극한 소성강도에 도달하기 훨씬 이전에 보 이음부의 슬립이 발생하였다 실험을 통하여 관측된 마찰계수는 규준 공칭값의 50-60%에 불과하였다. 그러나 보 플랜지의 열영향부가 파단에 이르기 까지 슬립 이후의 지압거동을 통하여 증가되는 반복하중을 성공적으로 모멘트접합부로 전달하였다. 즉 반복하중 하에서도 보 이음부의 슬립이 곧바로 구조적 일체성의 상실로 이어지지는 않음이 관측되었다 볼토구멍을 공제한 보 플랜지 유효단면적의 전강도에 기준한 전통적 보 이음부 설계법에 의할 경우 모멘트 접합부의 소성강도 발현 이전에 보 이음부의 슬립발생 가능성이 높다 본 연구에서는 역량설계 개념에 기초하여 강진 작용시의 보 이음부의 설계와 관련한 추가 고려사항을 제안하였다.