• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.191-195
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• 2007

Red ginseng sikhye is one of Korean unique beverages with the addition of effective ingredients of ginseng. Considering economical and mechanical efficiency and quality of sikhye, the optimum conditions for saccharification is to saccharify at 90 degree celsius for 3 hours in the composition of 4% of malt, 20% of steamed rice, and 6% of red ginseng power. The red ginseng sikhye has high soluble solid content over 33% compared with conventional commercial sikhye. On the other hand, ginseng sikhye, which shows low pH, has more or less higher acidity than conventional commercial one. Especially the turbidity of the red ginseng sikhye is much higher than that of commercial sikhye, due to as high amount of rice as 20% compared with 3% in the commercial one. The use of high quantity of rice affected the level of turbidity in red ginseng sikhye. In this study, we wanted to establish optimum conditions for saccharification in manufacturing red ginseng sikhye which contains effective herbal medicinal ingredients maintaining the original taste of traditional sikhye.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2018

Objectives : This paper studies how the people of the past deal with constipation before the introduction of modern medical knowledge. Then, the paper selected some of the methods that use food ingredients with little to no side effects, and studied them to find a basic set of data that can be applied to today's medical practices. Methods : This paper reviewed six literatures: China's Eumsunjungyo, Nonohangeon, and Shiggamboncho, and Chosun's Singnyochanyo, Donguibogam, and Jejungsinpyeon. The food cures related to constipation were studied to discover what ingredients and preparation forms were used, how they were taken, what types of prescriptions existed, and how they were applied. Results : The food cure for constipation included ingredients such as mazi, suzi, sesame, honey, yiyiren, yuliren, xingren, taoren, and rice. These ingredients are known for replenishing the body's fluid and humor and allowing the better flow of qi. Mazi porridge, suma porridge, raw sesame oil, suzhu porridge, and suxing porridge were effective in dealing with the conspitation caused by heat, and jingshen wan, yiyiren porridge, yuliren porridge, yulirenyiyiren porridge, xingren porridge, and taoren porridge were effective in taking care of conspitation caused by qi deficiency. Conclusions : With a constipation caused by heat, it is good to take mazi and spinach regularly which is helpful in cooling down the heat. For senior citizens, constipations occur due to the qi deficiency that leads to the lack of fluid and humor. In this case, suzhu porridge should be taken regularly together with milk and sesame oil in order to replenish the qi. This will tonify the amount of qi and moisten the large intestines, which will be also helpful in tonifying the body itself.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.41-56
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• 2016

Objectives : The paper analyzes food cure recipes related to wind diseases as written in Sikuisimgam, Eumsunjungyo Shikyojaebyeong, and Singnyochanyo. The paper shall then use results of the analysis to consider food cure recipes utilized by patients who are suffering from wind diseases or who are showing symptoms of wind diseases. The paper aims to help cure modern diseases related to wind diseases and make a set of suggestion about preventive foods. Methods : Important dietary guidebooks in Korea and China were studied, and the author studied only the ones among the food cure recipes that had wind diseases for which they are effective. Sikuisimgam 16 species, Eumsunjungyo Shikyojaebyeong 13 species, Singnyochanyo 13 species of food cure recipes related to wind diseases were extracted, and they were studied based on their ingredients, cooking style, and administration time. Results : There are food ingredients introduced as effective for curing wind diseases within Sikuisimgam, Eumsunjungyo Shikyojaebyeong, and Singnyochanyo. Among them, some of the ones that can be utilized in the modern age are: arrowroot(葛粉), nepta herb(荊芥), Baekryangmi(白粱米), Dongmaja(冬麻子), milled rice(白米), Eokiin(薏苡人), fermented soybean, chongbaek, Wubanggeun(牛蒡根), soy beans(大豆), grass(椒), xanthium fruit(蒼耳子), changi leaves(蒼耳葉), jinpi(陳皮), black pepper(胡椒), ginger(生薑), mint leaves(薄荷葉), suyu, heukjima(黑脂麻), ojagye, chives, and Baekyuma(白油麻). Conclusions : The food ingredients extracted from Sikuisimgam, Eumsunjungyo Shikyojaebyeong, and Singnyochanyo are effective in curing wind diseases, and they should be processed in ways that enable the people of this age to consume more of them. Moreover, people who have not yet suffered from wind diseases but are showing the symptoms of wind diseases will benefit from taking care of their blood pressure by consuming these foods in their everyday lives. Such people will serve as examples of good food cure recipes.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.819-825
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of various natural ingredients for manufacturing meat products on the $D_{10}$ value and relative radiation sensitivity (RRS) of foodborne pathogens inoculated into ground beef. The pathogens used for this study were Salmonella Typhimurium (KCTC 1925), Escherichia coli (KCTC 41682), Listeria monocytoges (KCTC 3569), and Staphylococcus aureus (KCTC 11764), and the natural ingredients added into ground beef were garlic, onion, black pepper, hot pepper, ginger, green onion, carrot, and red wine. The $D_{10}$ of E. coli was decreased significantly by 5% of garlic addition (RRS=1.460), and the addition of carrot (RRS=1.086) and red wine (RRS=2.864) also showed similar results. Most natural ingredients were effective in increasing radiation sensitivity of L. monocytogens, but only garlic, onion, hot pepper, carrot, and red wine were effective against S. aureus. In particular, the addition of red wine to ground beef showed the greatest increase of radiation sensitivity for 3 pathogens tested in the present study, except for S. Typhimurium. Results indicate that the use of certain natural ingredients for manufacturing processed meat products may have effects in the increase of radiation sensitivity of pathogens. This increased radiation sensitivity can reduce the target irradiation dose for obtaining the same level of safety, resulting in lowering the adverse quality changes caused by a high-dose irradiation process.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 2008

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate oriental medical treatment for ADHD in childhood Methods : We analyzed DSM-4 and ADS scores before and after the treatments, such as acupuncture, decoction of medical ingredients, correction treatment and oriental kinesitherapy, of ADHD in 12 elementary school students who have been visited Byon oriental medical clinic (Dogok-dong Seoul) from March to October, 2007. And all patients were treated 2 times a week for 3 month. Results : In this study, oriental medical treatments, such as acupuncture, decoction of medical ingredients, correction treatment and oriental kinesitherapy, to balance left and right brains, which is based on oriental medicine theory, was not only effective for treating attention deficit and hyperactivity which is the major problem of children in ADHD, but also effective for resistance, sociality, homology and communication. And we concluded that oriental medical treatments, which treats imbalance disorder of brain, were effective for treating ADHD.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2008

Effect of combined use of anti-microbial materials, such as alcohol, mustard and chitosan, or pasteurization on the quality of low salted kochujang was investigated during storage at $30^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. Activity of amylase decreased during storage, with lower activity in pasteurized kochujang than the other groups. Acidic protease activity increased during storage, but neutral protease activity decreased after 4 weeks. Viable cells of yeast increased during storage, but bacterial counts decreased gradually and did not show any remarkable difference among the test groups. Hunter a-values decreased as storage time increased, whereas L- and b-values decreased after 4 weeks and the degree of increase in total color difference (${\Delta}E$) was low in the supplementary ingredients added kochujang. The moisture contents and water activities decreased during storage with being lower in supplementary ingredients added groups. Titratable acidity of kochujang was decreased after 4 weeks of storage with the highest in combination of the supplementary ingredients added group. Oxidation-reduction potential was low in the supplementary ingredients added kochujang. Total sugar and reducing sugar contents of kochujang decreased during storage, with the highest contents in the supplementary ingredients added group. Ethanol content of kochujang increased during storage, whereas ethanol production was reduced in ethanol added one. Amino-nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen contents decreased during storage with being lower in kochujang prepared with supplementary ingredients. Therefore, supplementary ingredients added kochujang would be effective for extending shelf-life of kochujang.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1143-1150
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate in vitro methane production of feed ingredients and relationship between the content of crude nutrients and methane production. Feed ingredients (total 26) were grouped as grains (5 ingredients), brans and hulls (8), oil seed meals (9) roughages (3), and animal by-product (1) from their nutrient composition and their methane production protential were measured by in vitro gas test. Among the groups, the in vitro methane productions for both 6 and 24 h incubation were highest in grains, followed by brans and hulls, oil meals and roughages, animal byproducts. Within the group of grains, methane production from wheat flour was the highest, followed by wheat, corn, tapioca, and then oat. Within the brans and hulls, soybean hull showed the highest methane production and cotton seed hull, the lowest. Methane production from oil meals was lower compared with grains and brans and hulls, and in decreasing order production from canola meal was followed by soybean meal, coconut meal, and corn germ meal (p<0.01). Three ingredients were selected and the interactions among feed ingredients were evaluated for methane production. Correlation coefficient between measured and estimated values of the combinations were 0.91. Methane production from each feed ingredient was decreased with increasing amount of crude fiber (CF), protein (CP) and ether extract (EE), whereas positive relationship was noted with the concentrations of N-free extract (NFE). The multiple regression equation (n=134) for methane production and nutrient concentrations was as follows. Methane production (ml/0.2 g DM)=(0.032${\times}$CP)-(0.057${\times}$EE)-(0.012${\times}$CF)+(0.124${\times}$NFE) (p<0.01; $R^2$=0.929). Positive relationship was noted for CP and NFE and negative relationship for CF and EE. It seems possible to predict methane production potential from nutritional composition of the ingredients for their effective application on formulating less methane emitting rations.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.386-393
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• 2023

The domestic marine healing industry is undergoing significant revitalization efforts, with a focus on understanding the efficacy and effectiveness of marine healing resources. This study establishes utilization and management standards through a detailed analysis of the active components within well-recognized marine healing mud materials. Samples of mud materials were collected from domestic tidal flats. These samples exhibited an average composition of 7.87% sand, 74.95% silt, and 17.17% clay, with a combined mud content (silt+clay)(silt+clay) consistently exceeding 90%. Notably, SiO₂ emerged as the most prevalent effective ingredient at 68.4%, followed by Al₂O₃ (13.3%)>Fe₂O₃ (4.0%)>K₂O (2.9%)>Na₂O (2.3%)>MgO (1.6%)>CaO (1.0%)>TiO₂ (0.7%), in terms of average content. Subsequently, through an analysis of effective ingredients, Si, Al, Fe, K, Na, Mg, and Ca were identified as elements demonstrating significant functionality. Among these, key indicator ingredients were selected for quality control, all of which were found to possess efficacious properties. Notably, K, Mg, and Ca exhibited particularly high concentrations. Based on these findings and referencing existing literature, it is recommended that domestic tidal flat mud resources earmarked for utilization as marine healing resources should possess a raw material mud content of no less than 70.0%. Moreover, the cumulative index components K₂O+MgO+CaO should meet or exceed a threshold of 5.0% for optimal effectiveness.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.50-60
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• 2009

Objectives: To elucidate the antitumor activities of Hang-Am-Dan (HAD), we investigated the anti-proliferative effects and related mechanisms of HAD, the main ingredients such as Cordyceps Militaris and Santisigu Tuber, and its main effective components cordycepin and colchicin, respectively. Methods: We cultivated Calu6 and MCF-7 cells and gave them phosphate-buffered saline extracts of HAD, each ingredient of HAD, and the main effective components of each ingredient. After these processes, we performed MTT assay, BrdU assay, TUNEL assay, SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis and observed the results. Results: The survival rate of these two cancer cells in HAD were 34-38%. The survival rate in extract of Cordyceps militaris (ECM) and extract of Santisigu tuber (EST) were both about 50%. Cordycepin showed decreased survival rate in both cancer cells, 32% and 89%. Colchicin also showed decreased survival rate, 30% and 16%. We observed that all of the cancer cells got apoptotic bodies after adding the extracts and they have more apoptotic bodies when they were exposed to more extracts. The expression of caspase-3 was increased in Calu6 cell lines treated with the ECM, cordycepin and colchicin. The expression of p53 and p21 were increased in the MCF-7 cell lines treated with the ECM and cordycepin. Conclusions: HAD showed cytotoxic activities on the two kinds of human cancer cell lines, Calu6 and MCF-7. Additionally, HAD and its main ingredients caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and induced the apoptotic cell death.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2014

This research was performed in order to investigate the origin, standard compound, and structural and physical properties of honeybee venom which used as natural antibiotic ingredients to animal. We compared the nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) of honeybees were collected from Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam province and Suwon. As major constituent of honeybee venom, melittin was assayed by liquid chromatography. X-ray, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were utilized to examine the structural and physical properties of honeybee venom. Based on the 627bp sequence of COI, Apis mellifera ligustica was determinated honeybees collected from all six regions. Melittin content varied from 50.7 to 68.6 and averaged 59.8%. According to XRD analysis, honeybee venom showed regular crystal structure peaks at $2{\Theta}=8.5^{\circ}$ and $21.5^{\circ}$. DSC showed that the maximum degration temperature of powder was around $230^{\circ}C$. Through FT-IR analysis, we could identify cross-linking by the presence of peptide peak at 1,500~1,600 $cm^{-1}$. In conclusion, the origin of honeybee venom was Apis mellifera ligustica and effective ingredient standards was melittin content varied from 50.7 to 68.6 as natural antibiotic ingredients.