• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2007

Grain filling is a crucial factor that determines grain yield in crops since it is the final process directly associated with crops' yield performance. Grain filling process can be characterized by the interaction of rate and duration of grain filling. This study was conducted, using 16 temperate japonica rice genotypes, with aims to (1) seek variations in grain filling duration and rate on area basis, (2) compare the contribution of grain filling duration and rate to grain yield, and (3) examine the influence of temperature and solar radiation for effective grain filling on grain yield in relation to grain filling duration and rate. Grain filling rate and duration exhibited highly significant variations in the ranges of $20.7{\sim}46.3\;g\;m^{-2}d^{-1}\;and\;11.2{\sim}35.5$ days, respectively, depending on rice genotypes. Grain yield on unit area basis was associated positively with grain filling duration but negatively with grain filling rate. Grain filling rate and duration were negatively correlated with each other. Final grain weight increased linearly with the rise in both cumulative mean temperature and cumulative solar radiation for effective grain filling. Higher cumulative mean temperature and cumulative solar radiation for effective grain filling were the results of longer grain filling duration, but not necessarily higher daily mean temperature and daily solar radiation for effective grain filling. Grain filling rate demonstrated an increasing tendency with the rise in daily mean temperature for effective grain filling but their relationship was not obviously clear. It was concluded that grain filling duration, which influenced cumulative mean temperature and cumulative solar radiation for effective grain filling, was the main factor that determined grain yield on unit area basis in temperate Japonica rice.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.681-687
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• 2002

The cumulative, shrinkage plastic strains and their distributions in the weld joint after completion of the welding process determine welding-induced distortion. Although the weldment undergoes many complex physical and metallurgical changes during welding, only the material plastic temperature range and its cooling history below this temperature range influence the [mal state of the cumulative shrinkage plastic strains. In addition, for structural welds, these plastic strains are uniform, except in the arc start and stop regions, along the weld. Therefore, the plastic strain-based "inherent shrinkage model" is effective and accurate to describe welding-induced distortion. This paper presents the theoretical background and numerical verification of this root cause.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2020

친환경 벼 재배지역 위주로 피해가 점차 확대되는 먹노린재(Scotinophara lurida) 방제기술 개발을 위하여 발생생태 및 온도의존 발육모형을 산출하였다. 2019년도 먹노린재 월동 후 생존율 조사결과 총 224마리 중 167마리가 생존하여 생존율은 72.8%였다. 먹노린재 월동성충은 논에 6월 중하순부터 발생하고, 7월 상순에 산란하고, 8월 중하순에 1세대 성충이 발생한다. 온도의존 발육모형을 구하기 위하여 18, 21, 24, 27, 30℃ 14L:10D 조건의 항온기에서 온도별, 발육단계별 발육기간을 조사하였다. 18, 21, 24, 27, 30℃의 온도조건에서 알에서 성충이 될 때까지의 기간은 각각 119.8, 73.1, 53.5, 39.4, 82.0일로 27℃에서 가장 발육이 잘 되었다. Excell 프로그램을 이용하여 온도와 발육속도와의 관계를 2차 다항식으로 분석하여 회귀곡선을 얻었고 이를 근거로 발육단계별 발육영점온도와 유효적산온도를 산출하였다. 알에서 5령 약충까지 먹노린재 발육영점온도는 17.9℃, 유효적산온도는 380.2DD였다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2022

Wearing a mask is still advised since COVID-19 continues to spread. However, masks may also irritate the skin and cause mask acne, often known as "maskne", which is a type of acne mechanica caused by friction between the skin and clothing. Therefore, there is a need to develop an effective maskne cosmetic. In this study, we made the maskne cosmetics containing humulus lupulus extract and copper tripeptide-1 and investigated its stability and safety. To measure stability, a centrifugation test and heat-cool cycling were done, and changes in viscosity and pH were measured for 8 weeks. The Cumulative Irritation Test (CIT, WKIRB-202111-HR-096) was performed and positive reactions were determined by the ICDRG criteria. The results indicated that the samples were stable after centrifugation, temperature cycling, viscosity, and pH tests. In addition, cosmetic safety test results revealed that maskne cosmetics containing humulus lupulus extract and copper tripeptide-1 did not cause any skin responses. These findings indicate that prepared maskne cosmetics' stability and safety were comparable to those of currently available commercial cosmetics.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.129-140
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 인간 생리 및 생활에 가장 기본이 되는 온도, 상대습도를 기초로 하여 인간의 열긴장도를 측정하여 우리나라의 열감분포의 특성을 파악하였다. 연구 방법은 열지수 분석을 중심으로 하였다. 열지수는 습도계산도에서, 월별 열지수 및 연누적 열지수를 계산하여 한국의 연누적 열지수 분포도를 작성하였다. 연누적 열지수 분포의 분석 결과는 우리 나라의 대부분 지역이 한랭긴장도가 나타나는 지역이고 남쪽에서 북쪽으로, 해안에서 내륙으로 갈수록 한랭긴장도가 높아지고 있다. 특히 삼지연. 풍산, 장진을 중심으로 한 개마고원 지역이 높은 한랭긴장도 지역이고, 제주와 서귀포룰 포함한 제주도 지역이 가장 낮은 긴장도를 보이고 있다. 전자는 겨울에 시베리아 기단의 영향을 직접 받고. 고도가 매우 높은 내륙 산지 지역이기 때문이고, 후자는 위도와 바다의 영향으로 특히 겨울에 온화한 지역이기 때문이다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2002

전남 고흥지역의 유자과원에 발생하는 글응애와 그 우점천적인 O.kashmirica benefica의 발생소장과 온도별 발육특성, 발육영점온도 그리고 유효적산온도를 1997년부터 2000년까지 4년동안 조사하였다. 15, 20, 25, 3$0^{\circ}C$ 항온조건에서, 알부터 우화까지 발육기간은 각각 67.3, 31.4, 19.4, 15.3일이었고, 각 태별로는 번데기, 알, 3령 유충, 2령 유충, 1령 유충 순으로 발육기간이 길었으며, 암성충의 일평균산란수는 각각 3.3, 5.6, 7.3, 7.7개로 온도가 높을수록 산란수는 증가하였으나, 부화율과 우화율은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 각각 92%와 60%로 가장 높았다. 성충 수명은 암컷이 54.3일, 수컷이 58.6일로 숫성충이 약간 길었고, 자연발생 상태에서 성비는 0.58이었다. 알, 1령 ,2령, 3령 유충, 번데기 그리고 알에서 번데기까지의 발육영점온도는 각각 12.7, 10.0, 10.8, 7.9, 10.1, 10.6$^{\circ}C$였고, 유효적산온도는 41.4, 22.9, 22.7, 46.6, 165.3, 292.9일도였다. O.kashmirica benefica는 유자과원에서 4월 상순부터 12월 상순까지 발생하고, 발생최성기는 글응애 발생량에 의존하여 해에 따라 다르며 발생최성기에 글응애와의 비율은 100-200:1이었다.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2012년도 자성 및 자성재료 국제학술대회
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• pp.104-105
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• 2012

The temperature dependence of the effective magnetic anisotropy constant K(T) of ferrite nanoparticles is obtained based on the measurements of SQUID magnetometry. For this end, a very simple but intuitive and direct method for determining the temperature dependence of anisotropy constant K(T) in nanoparticles is introduced in this study. The anisotropy constant at a given temperature is determined by associating the particle size distribution f(r) with the anisotropy energy barrier distribution $f_A(T)$. In order to estimate the particle size distribution f(r), the first quadrant part of the hysteresis loop is fitted to the classical Langevin function weight-averaged with the log?normal distribution, slightly modified from the original Chantrell's distribution function. In order to get an anisotropy energy barrier distribution $f_A(T)$, the temperature dependence of magnetization decay $M_{TD}$ of the sample is measured. For this measurement, the sample is cooled from room temperature to 5 K in a magnetic field of 100 G. Then the applied field is turned off and the remanent magnetization is measured on stepwise increasing the temperature. And the energy barrier distribution $f_A(T)$ is obtained by differentiating the magnetization decay curve at any temperature. It decreases with increasing temperature and finally vanishes when all the particles in the sample are unblocked. As a next step, a relation between r and $T_B$ is determined from the particle size distribution f(r) and the anisotropy energy barrier distribution $f_A(T)$. Under the simple assumption that the superparamagnetic fraction of cumulative area in particle size distribution at a temperature is equal to the fraction of anisotropy energy barrier overcome at that temperature in the anisotropy energy barrier distribution, we can get a relation between r and $T_B$, from which the temperature dependence of the magnetic anisotropy constant was determined, as is represented in the inset of Fig. 1. Substituting the values of r and $T_B$ into the $N{\acute{e}}el$-Arrhenius equation with the attempt time fixed to $10^{-9}s$ and measuring time being 100 s which is suitable for conventional magnetic measurement, the anisotropy constant K(T) is estimated as a function of temperature (Fig. 1). As an example, the resultant effective magnetic anisotropy constant K(T) of manganese ferrite decreases with increasing temperature from $8.5{\times}10^4J/m^3$ at 5 K to $0.35{\times}10^4J/m^3$ at 125 K. The reported value for K in the literatures is $0.25{\times}10^4J/m^3$. The anisotropy constant at low temperature region is far more than one order of magnitude larger than that at 125 K, indicative of the effects of inter?particle interaction, which is more pronounced for smaller particles.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2021

Digestate or slurry produced from anaerobic digestion is mostly applied to crop lands for its disposal and recovering nutrients. However, minimizing nitrogen losses following field application of the digestate is important for maximizing the plant's nitrogen uptake and reducing environmental concerns. This study was conducted to assess the effects of three different biogas digestate application techniques (sawdust mixed with digestate (SSD), the hole application method (HA), and digestate injected in the soil (SD)) on nitrate leaching potential in the soil. A pot laboratory experiment was conducted at room temperature of 25 ± 2 ℃ for 107 days. The experimental results showed that sawdust application method turned out to be appropriate for quick immobilization of surplus N in the form of microbial biomass N, reflecting its lower total nitrogen and NH₄-N contents and low pH. The NH₄-N and total nitrogen fate in the soil fertilized with manure showed no statistically significant (p > 0.05) differences between the different methods applied during the incubation time under room temperature. In contrast, NO₃-N concentration indicates significant reduction in sawdust treatment (p < 0.05) compared to the control and other application methods. However, the soil sawdust mixed with digestate was more effective than the other methods, because of the cumulative labile carbon contents of the amendment, which implies soil net N immobilization.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2004

목화진딧물 발육실험은 15-35$^{\circ}C$, 습도는 60-70%, 광주기는 16：8 (L：D h)에서 수행 하였다. 진딧물 약충 사망률은 초기 1-2령의 사망률이 대부분을 차지하고, 온도의 상승에 따라 사망률이 높아져 32.5$^{\circ}C$에서 36%였으며, 35$^{\circ}C$에서는 1-2령의 사망률이 44%, 3-4령이 56%로 이 온도에서는 진딧물의 발육이 이루어지지 많았고, 3-4령의 사망률이 1-2령의 사망률보다 높게 나타난다. 전체약충의 온도별 발육기간을 보면 15-3$0^{\circ}C$까지 온도의 상승에 따라 발육기간이 11.5에서 4.6일로 짧아지는 경향을 보였고, 고온의 영 향을 받은 것으로 생각되는 32.5$^{\circ}C$에서는 오히려 발육기간이 5.5일로 길어졌다. 발육영 점 온도는 5.$0^{\circ}C$이였고, 유효적 산온도는 106.8일도였다. 온도별 발육율은 변형된 Sharpe와 DeMichele의 비 선형 모형 에 잘 적합되었다. 발육단계별 발육기간을 표준화하여 누적시킨 값들은 3개의 변수를 갖는 Weibull function에 적합되었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2022

고리매는 동해안에서 식용되어온 유용 갈조류이며, 다양한 생리활성물질을 함유하여 이용이 기대되는 해조류이다. 이 연구는 2021년 1월부터 12월까지 강원도 주문진읍 소돌해안에서 고리매 개체군의 생장 및 성숙 패턴을 밝히기 위하여 수행되었다. 고리매 개체군의 정량조사를 위해 월별 형태분석, 밀도 및 현존량 분석을 실시하였다. 조사지역에서 고리매의 최대엽장은 3월(수온 10.6℃)에 16.3±3.0 cm, 평균 밀도는 32.5±2.9 ind. m^-2 및 평균 현존량은 96.0±12.1 g fresh-wt. m^-2 였다. 고리매 엽체의 성숙은 4월(수온 12.1℃)에 최성기를 보였으며, 성숙에 요구되는 성숙유효적산온도는 162.5 degree-days였다.