• 한국농공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 1984

We have, at present, found some studies on the optimum design of reinforced concrete about the simple slab but very few about the multi-story and multi-span slab. The aim of this study is to make a optimum design of coalesced beam and column slab constructure. Some results of the evaluation by using the optimalized algorithm that was developed in this study are as follows. 1. Slab was mainly restricted by the constraint of effective depth, bending moment, and minimum steel ratio; especially the effective depth was the preceding crifical constraint. In the optimum design of slab, therefore, the constraint about the minimum thickness should be surely considered. 2. This optimum design is good economy as much as some 3.4&~6.2% compared with the conventional design method. 3. In most case, it was converged by 3 to 6 iteratin regardless of the highest or lowest value and only in case of N=1 and case 1, there is a little oscillation after the 3rd iteration but it makes no difference in taking either the highest or lowest value because the range of oscillation is low as much as about 1.2% of the total construction cost. 4. In this study the result seeking for constraints that make no difference in the least cost design shows that shear stress and maximum steel ration may not be considered in it. 5. Bending moment was converged by one time iteration regardless of the initial value, while steel ratio, in most case, by two times because both bending moment and steel ratio are the fuction of effective depth.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.707-713
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• 1998

현재 자동차용 소재 및 기계부품에 폭넓게 이용되는 SCM415강의 플라즈마 침탄 특성을 연구하기 위해 가스조성, 압력, 전류밀도, 온도 및 시간을 변수로 사용하였다. 가스조성의 경우 저합금강에서는 수소 가스 효과보다 메탄가스에 의해 주로 침탄특성이 좌우되며 메탄가스 100%일 때 시편 내의 모든 방향에서 경화층 분포가 일정하고, 최대의 유효경화깊이를 얻을 수 있었다. 가스압력이나 플라즈마 전압이 상승할 때 전류밀도가 상승하게 되는데, 이에 따라 최표면의 탄소농도가 증가되어 강의 유효경화깊이는 증대되었다. 침탄 온도일 경우 적어도 85$0^{\circ}C$이상되어야 유효경화깊이를 얻을 수 있었고, 온도가 상승할수록 유효경화깊이의 증가를 나타내어 침탄 효과가 우수하였다. 탄소의 확산 깊이는 침탄 시간의 제곱근에 비례하는 것으로 나타났다. 플라즈마 치탄한 강의 피로강도를 평가한 결과 열처리하지 않은 시편이나 재가열처리한 시편에 비해 높은 피로강도를 나타내었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.73-76
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• 1995

In this study, the slab waveguide was fabricated using potassium-nitride(KNO$_3$) or silver-nitride (AgNO$_3$) molten sources by ion-exchange process. The effective refractive indices of waveguide were measured by Prism-Coupling method. and The characteristics of waveguide(mode dispersion, effective diffusion depth. surface refractive index, diffusion coefficient, and refractive index profile etc,) were investigated by WKB method, In the case of potassium ion-exchange, the computer calculation showed that the refractive index profile of waveguide followed Gaussian function, the surface refractive index increased with ion-exchange time and the effective diffusion depth increased a little as ion-exchange time increased, while the surface refractive index of silver ion-exchanged waveguide decreased with ion-exchange time because of the ion depletion on the surface of waveguide, and the effective diffusion depth seriously with ion-exchange tim. Double ion-exchanged waveguide was fabricated by performing silver ion-exchange after potassium ion-exchange. Double ion-exchanged waveguide had a tight mode binding force since the surface refractive index was larger than single step ion-exchanged waveguide.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.134-142
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• 1998

The effects of small hole defect size and effective case depth(ECD) on the four point bending fatigue limit of induction surface hardened S45C steel were investigated the fatigue limit evaluation of hardened materials is very difficult because of relations of the hardness gradient and residual stress. In this study, it was possible to characterize fatigue limit and fatigue life of induction surface hardened S45C steel in terms of the hole defect size and effective case depth(ECD) and quantitative evaluation of the fatigue limit with hole defects use Murakami's evaluation method and the range of evaluated values is a good accuracy compared with results.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1990

SCM 21 and D.P steel were carburized in vacuum using prophane at a temperature ranging from 1228k to 1308k under a gas pressure ranging from 21.3kpa to 61.8kpa, and the following results were obrained. 1) D.P. steel has considerable efficiency in depressing the grain growth during the high temperature carburizing and it has fine structure even at 1268k for 14.4ks when carburizied. Therefore this steel is expected to be suitable for vacuum carburizing at a high temperature. 2) Case depth was increased as the carburizing temperature increases and it was 3.2mm at max, temperature of 1308k, for max, time of 14.4ks and under max, pressure of 61.8kpa. Thus vacuum-carburizing was considered effective for the materials which need case depth, which is necessary for machine structure use. 3) The rate of case depth of SCM 21 was faster than D.P. steel under same carburizing conditions and the increasing rate of the case depth was constant. 4) Case depth was increased as the gas pressure becomes high under same carburizing temperature. 5) Case carbon concentration, $C_s$, of SCM 21 obeys to a formula, $$C_s=kt^{1/2}+C_0$$ Where k is $2.15{\times}10^{-2}$($wt%.S^{-1/2}$) and this value is a little bit lower than that of SNCM 815.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is directly measure and evaluate about absorbed dose change according to nominal energy and electron cone or medical accelerator on isodose curve, percentage depth dose, contaminated X-ray, inhomogeneous tissue, oblique surface and irradiation on intracavitary that electron beam with high energy distributed in tissue, and it settled standard data of hish energy electron beam treatment, and offer to exactly data for new dote distribution modeling study based on experimental resuls and theory. Electron beam with hish energy of $6{\sim}20$ MeV is used that generated from medical linear accelerator (Clinac 2100C/D, Varian) for the experiment, andwater phantom and Farmer chamber md Markus chamber und for absorbe d dose measurement of electron beam, and standard absorbed dose is calculated by standard measurements of International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) TRS 277. Dose analyzer (700i dose distribution analyzer, Wellhofer), film (X-OmatV, Kodak), external cone, intracavitary cone, cork, animal compact bone and air were used for don distribution measurement. As the results of absorbed dose ratio increased while irradiation field was increased, it appeared maximum at some irradiation field size and decreased though irradiation field size was more increased, and it decreased greatly while energy of electron beam was increased, and scattered dose on wall of electron cone was the cause. In percentage depth dose curve of electron beam, Effective depth dose(R80) for nominal energy of 6, 9, 12, 16 and 20 MeV are 1.85, 2.93, 4.07, 5.37 and 6.53 cm respectively, which seems to be one third of electron beam energy (MeV). Contaminated X-ray was generated from interaction between electron beam with high energy and material, and it was about $0.3{\sim}2.3\%$ of maximum dose and increased with increasing energy. Change of depth dose ratio of electron beam was compared with theory by Monte Carlo simulation, and calculation and measured value by Pencil beam model reciprocally, and percentage depth dose and measured value by Pencil beam were agreed almost, however, there were a little lack on build up area and error increased in pendulum and multi treatment since there was no contaminated X-ray part. Percentage depth dose calculated by Monte Carlo simulation appeared to be less from all part except maximum dose area from the curve. The change of percentage depth dose by inhomogeneous tissue, maximum range after penetration the 1 cm bone was moved 1 cm toward to surface then polystyrene phantom. In case of 1 cm and 2 cm cork, it was moved 0.5 cm and 1 cm toward to depth, respectively. In case of air, practical range was extended toward depth without energy loss. Irradiation on intracavitary is using straight and beveled type cones of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 $cm{\phi}$, and maximum and effective $80\%$ dose depth increases while electron beam energy and size of electron cone increase. In case of contaminated X-ray, as the energy increase, straight type cones were more highly appeared then beveled type. The output factor of intracavitary small field electron cone was $15{\sim}86\%$ of standard external electron cone($15{\times}15cm^2$) and straight type was slightly higher then beveled type.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2021

This study evaluated variations in the paddy rice water demand based on the continuous changing in rice transplanting period and ponding depth at the four study paddy fields, which represent typical rice producing regions in Korea. Total 7 scenarios on rice transplanting periods were applied while minimum ponding depth of 0 and 20 mm were applied in accordance with maximum ponding depth ranging from 40 mm to 100 mm with 20 mm interval. The weather data from 2013 to 2019 was also considered. The results indicated that the highest rice water demand occurred at high temperature and low rainfall region. Increased rice transplanting periods showed higher rice water demand. The rice water demand for 51 transplanting days closely matched with the actual irrigation water supply. In case of ponding depth, the results showed that the minimum ponding depth had a proportional relationship with rice water demand, while maximum ponding depth showed the contrary results. Minimum ponding depth had a greater impact on rice water demand than the maximum ponding depth. Therefore, these results suggest that increasing the rice transplanting period, which reflects the current practice is desirable for a reliable estimation of rice water demand.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.375-381
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• 2009

Purpose: Root resection can be a valuable procedure when the tooth in question has a high strategic value. The prognosis of root resection has been well documented in previous studies, but the results focused on the palatal root resection have not been discussed in depth. I represent here the short term effectiveness of palatal root resection of maxillary first molars. Methods: Palatal root resection was performed on maxillary first molars of three patients. All the palatal roots were floating state on the radiographic finding and showed full probing depth and purulent exudation at initial examination. Reduction of palatal cusp and occlusal table was performed concomitantly. Endodontic therapy was completed after root resection. Results: Compromised maxillary first molars were treated successfully by palatal root resection in 3 cases. The mobility of resected tooth was decreased a little bit. The probing pocket depth of remaining buccal roots was not increased compared to initial depth. All the patients satisfied with comfort and cost effective results and the fact they could save their natural teeth. Conclusions: Within the above results, palatal root resection is an effective procedure treating compromised maxillary first molar showing advanced palatal bone loss to root apex with or without pulp involvement when proper case selection is performed.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1395-1403
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• 1993

프로토콜의 적합성시험은 컴퓨터 통신에서 상호운용성과 비용의 효율성을 높이기 위해서 매우 중요하다. 적합성 시험은 구현된 내용이 프로토콜 규격에 적합하게 구현되었는지를 검사하는 것으로, 그것의 효율성과 오류검출능력은 시험 항목의 생성방법에 의해서 결정된다. 프로토콜이 유한상태기계로 표현될때 한상태에 여러개의 UIO(Unique Input Output)순서들이 존재할 수 있으므로 이들중 가장 적합한 순서를 선정함으로서 시험 길이를 최소화 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 시험 길이를 최소화하기 위해서 여러개의 UIO순서들간에 존재하는 최대중복성을 찾기 위한 알고리즘을 깊이트리를 이용하여 구성하였고, 이 알고리즘을 이용하여 최소길이의 시험 순서를 생성하는 예를 보여주었다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 3가지 수준의 물-시멘트 비, 상부 주입 염수 농도, 피복두께를 고려하여 반전위값과 영향인자들 간의 상관성을 분석하였다. 피복두께가 증가할수록 반전위값이 증가(+ 방향 : 부식 억제)하여 부식 저항성이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 평가 기준에 따르면 피복두께 60mm를 갖는 시편의 경우 비교적 부식이 적게 일어난 것으로 판단된다. 이는 피복두께가 외부 열화인자에 대한 효과적인 방어기구로서 작용한 것이 원인으로 사료된다. 상부 주입 염수 농도가 0%인 경우 모든 경우에서 부식이 발생하지 않는 것으로 판단되지만, 염수 농도 3.5% 및 7.0%의 경우 부식이 진전된 것으로 판단된다. 비교적 높은 단위 결합재량이 확보된 배합에서 부식 저감에 유리한 모니터링 결과가 도출되었으며, 부식 영향인자와 반전위값 간의 상관성을 평가하고자 다중 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 해당 예측식의 결정계수는 0.97로 매우 높은 수준으로 나타났지만 사용한 표본의 수가 제한적이고 특정 시점의 결과만이 이용된 한계점이 존재하였다. 추가적인 모니터링 수행 및 시편 해체 후 관련 데이터와의 상관성 분석을 통해 더욱 합리적인 예측식의 도출이 가능해 질 것으로 사료된다.