• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.331-331
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• 2009

Hafnium oxide ($HfO_2$) attracted by one of the potential candidates for the replacement of si-based oxides. For applications of the high-k gate dielectric material, high thermodynamic stability and low interface-trap density are required. Furthermore, the amorphous film structure would be more effective to reduce the leakage current. To search the gate oxide materials, metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors was fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass with different oxygen pressures (30 and 50 mTorr) at room temperature, and they were deposited by Au/Ti metal as the top electrode patterned by conventional photolithography with an area of $3.14\times10^{-4}\;cm^2$. The results of XRD patterns indicate that all films have amorphous phase. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images show that the thickness of the $HfO_2$ films is typical 50 nm, and the grain size of the $HfO_2$ films increases as the oxygen pressure increases. The capacitance and leakage current of films were measured by a Agilent 4284A LCR meter and Keithley 4200 semiconductor parameter analyzer, respectively. Capacitance-voltage characteristics show that the capacitance at 1 MHz are 150 and 58 nF, and leakage current density of films indicate $7.8\times10^{-4}$ and $1.6\times10^{-3}\;A/cm^2$ grown at 30 and 50 mTorr, respectively. The optical properties of the $HfO_2$ films were demonstrated by UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Scinco, S-3100) having the wavelength from 190 to 900 nm. Because films show high transmittance (around 85 %), they are suitable as transparent devices.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.662-668
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• 1994

실리콘 질화막을 습식 산화하여 제작한 산화막/질화막 복합층과 이 박막의 산화막을 식각하여 제작한 oxynitride 박막의 물리적, 전기적 특성을 기술하였다. $900^{\circ}C$에서 산화시간이 증가함에 따라 산화막/질화막의 경우에는 축전용량은 급격히 감소하였으나 절연 파괴전장은 증가하였다. Oxynitrite박막은 축전용량과 절연파괴 전장이 모두 증가하였다. Oxynitride박막의 경우 축전 용량의 증가와 절연 파괴 전장이 증가하였는데 이는 유효 주께 감소와 박막의 양질화에 기인하였다. 또한, 산화 시강의 증가에 따라 Oxynitride박막의 TDDB특성과 초기 불량율도 향상되었다. 결론적으로 Oxynitride박막은 dynamic기억소자의 유전체 박막으로 사용하기에 적합하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2018

전기자동차 배터리 시스템은 낮은 온도에서 배터리 출력과 수명이 감소하는 문제가 발생한다. 상온 유지를 목적으로 Positive Temperature Coefficient(PTC) 히터가 사용되고 있다. 하지만 PTC 히터는 복잡한 절연구조로 인해 중량이 크다. 중량이 클수록 전기자동차의 연비가 감소한다. 반면에 인덕션 히터는 단순한 절연 구조로 중량 저감에 효과적이며 빠른 온도 상승 특성을 가지고 있다. 따라서 전기자동차용 히터는 인덕션 히터가 적합하다. 인덕션 히터는 LC공진 회로로 구성된다. 정전용량이 클수록 가격과 중량이 상승하기 때문에 인덕턴스를 높여 정전용량을 감소시켜야한다. 또한 인덕션 히터의 주 발열원은 철손이다. 따라서 전자기장 설계 관점에서 인덕턴스 및 철손의 최적화가 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 인덕션 히터 구조 변경에 따른 인덕턴스 및 철손을 다구찌 기법과 유한요소법(FEM) 시뮬레이션을 통해 분석하고 최적화 설계하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 다중 전하펌프를 이용하여 저항과 커패시턴스 크기를 변화시키는 구조의 새로운 위상고정루프를 제안하였다. 제안된 위상고정루프는 세 개의 전하펌프를 사용하여 루프필터의 실효 커패시턴스와 저항을 위상고정 상태에 따라 각 전하펌프의 전류량 크기와 방향 제어를 통해 증감시킬 수 있다. 이러한 구조는 좁은 대역폭과 작은 루프 필터 저항 값을 가능하게 하여 좋은 잡음 특성과 기준 주파수 의사 잡음 특성을 가지도록 한다. 제안된 위상고정루프는 3.3V $0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS 공정을 이용하여 제작되었다. 851.2MHz 출력 주파수에서 측정된 위상 잡음은 -105.37 dBc/Hz @1MHz이며, 기준 주파수 의사 잡음은 -50dBc이다. 측정된 위상고정시간은 $25{\mu}s$이다.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.814-821
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• 1999

고비표면적의 활성탄소섬유(ACF: activated carbon fiber)를 분극성 전극으로 이용한 전기이중층 캐패시터(electric double layer capacitor)의 단위 cell test를 통하여, ACF의 비표면적, 세공의 크기 및 전기전도도가 캐패시터의 비축전용량에 커다란 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인할 수 있었고, 전해질은 $H^+$ 이온을 함유한 $H_2SO_4$이 가장 좋은 축전용량을 나타내었으나, 집전체 부식 등의 문제로 인하여, 실용화에 있어서는 우수한 충방전 거동을 나타낸 KOH계 전해질이 적당한 것으로 확인되었다. 분극성 전극으로 사용되는 ACF를 탄화 또는 후활성화 등이 후처리를 통하여 비축전용량을 급격히 증가시킬수 있었고, 3만회까지의 연속 충방전 실험에서 전기이중층 캐패시터는 2차전지에서는 찾아 볼 수 없는 매우 높은 충방전 효율과 긴 사용수명을 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.142-145
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• 2015

In this work, open stubs were fabricated on a polyether sulfone (PES) substrate, and their basic radio frequency (RF) characteristics were investigated for application to RF matching components of a flexible monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC). According to the results, an open stub employing coplanar waveguide (OSCPW) on PES exhibited much lower loss than that on silicon substrate. The OSCPW with a length of $500{\mu}m$ on PES showed capacitance values of 0.031 ~ 0.044 pF from 0.5 to 50 GHz. For application to a relatively high-value capacitive matching, an open stub employing a fishbone-type transmission line (OSFTTL) was fabricated on PES, and its characteristics were investigated. The OSFTTL showed much higher capacitance values than the OSCPW due to the high effective permittivity value. Specifically, the OSFTTL on PES showed capacitance values of 0.066 ~ 0.24 pF from 0.5 to 50 GHz, which are higher than those for the open stub on silicon substrate. The above results indicate that the OSCPW and OSFTTL on PES can be effectively used for application to low/high-value capacitive matching components on microwave and millimeter wave flexible MMIC. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this work is the first report of the investigation of RF capacitive matching components on PES substrate.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.320-330
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• 2012

In this paper, we investigate the power integrity of grid structures for power and ground distribution on printed circuit board (PCB). We propose the 2D transmission line method (TLM)-based model for efficient frequency-dependent impedance characterization and PCB-package-integrated circuit (IC) co-simulation. The model includes an equivalent circuit model of fringing capacitance and probing ports. The accuracy of the proposed grid model is verified with test structure measurements and 3D electromagnetic (EM) simulations. If the grid structures replace the plane structures in PCBs, they should provide effective shielding of the electromagnetic interference in mobile systems. An analytical model to predict the shielding effectiveness (SE) of the grid structures is proposed and verified with EM simulations.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.250-253
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• 2007

Gas Discharge Tubes (GDTs) are widely used as surge protectors for commnuication applications due to their small internal capacitance. In these days, however, they are mostly used in combined configurations, because the activation voltage required to initiate the discharge process in the GDTs for sufficient amount of time can be large enough to damage surge-sensitive protected circuits. For GDTs with a considerably high initial over-voltage value, we should limit the peak voltage using a TVS or filter. As for ZnO varistors, even though their performance for voltage restriction is excellent, their applications in high-frequency commnuication circuits have been limited because of higher internal capacitance when compared to the GDTs. In order to develop a surge protector for commnuication applications by taking advantages of these two devices, we built a combination circuit that connects a GDT and a ZnO varistor along with a choke coil in common and differential modes. We describe how the applied SPDs operate in protection process steps with the actual data obtained from the residual voltage measurements at each step. The experiment results show that the surge voltage restriction with the choke coil is more effective in 100 [kHz] RingWave voltage than in lightning impulse voltage.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2017

Delamination is the most common failure mode in layered composite materials. The author have found that the electrical potential change (EPC) technique using response surfaces method is very effective in assessment delamination in basalt fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) laminate composite pipe by using electrical capacitance sensor (ECS). In the present study, the effect of the electrodes number on the method is investigated using FEM analyses for delamination location/size detection by ANSYS and MATLAB, which are combined to simulate sensor characteristic. Three cases of electrodes number are analyzed here are eight, twelve and sixteen electrodes, afterwards, the delamination is introduced into between the three layers [$0^{\circ}/90^{\circ}/0^{\circ}$]s laminates pipe, split into eight, twelve and sixteen scenarios for cases of eight, twelve and sixteen electrodes respectively. Response surfaces are adopted as a tool for solving inverse problems to estimate delamination location/size from the measured EPC of all segments between electrodes. As a result, it was revealed that the estimation performances of delamination location/size depends on the electrodes number. For ECS, the high number of electrodes is required to obtain high estimation performances of delamination location/size. The illustrated results are in excellent agreement with solutions available in the literature, thus validating the accuracy and reliability of the proposed technique.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.849-860
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• 2016

The high-switching-frequency operation of power converters can achieve high power density through size reduction of passive components, such as capacitors, inductors, and transformers. However, a small-output capacitor that has small capacitance and low effective series resistance changes the small-signal model of the converter power stage. Such a capacitor can make the converter unstable by increasing the crossover frequency in the transfer function of the small-signal model. In this paper, the design and implementation of a high-frequency LLC resonant converter are presented to verify the power density enhancement achieved by decreasing the size of passive components. The effect of small output capacitance is analyzed for stability by using a proper small-signal model of the LLC resonant converter. Finally, proper design methods of a feedback compensator are proposed to obtain a sufficient phase margin in the Bode plot of the loop gain of the converter for stable operation at 500 kHz switching frequency. A theoretical approach using MATLAB, a simulation approach using PSIM, and experimental results are presented to show the validity of the proposed analysis and design methods with 100 and 500 kHz prototype converters.