• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.503-506
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• 2002

Electrorheological fluids(ERFs) show a rapid and reversible increase in viscosity by applied electric field. It is called the electrorheological effect (ER effect). The reason for ER effect is the induction of an electric dipole in each particle, leading to the formation of clusters in the direction of the field, which resist fluid flow. Generally, the behavior of ER fluids has been modeled on those of Bingham fluids. But there are some differences between Bingham fluids and ER fluids. The visualization of ER fliuds are presented and ER effects by the forming, growing and breaking of clusters are discussed. In the low shear rate area, the pressure drop is measured by a pressure sensor and the formation of ER particles is visualized by video camera. The reason for the nonlinear behavior of ER fluids at low shear rate is explained through results of visualization.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2004

We examine rigorous computations on microstructural as well as rheological properties of concentrated dispersions of bidisperse colloids. The NVT Monte Carlo simulation is applied to obtain the radial distribution function for the concentrated system. The long-range electrostatic interactions between dissimilar spherical colloids are determined using the singularity method, which provides explicit solutions to the linearized electrostatic field. The increasing trend of osmotic pressure with increasing total particle concentration is reduced as the concentration ratio between large and small particles is increased. From the estimation of total structure factor, we observe the strong correlations developed between dissimilar spheres. As the particle concentration increases at a given ionic strength, the magnitude of the first peak in structure factors increases and also moves to higher wave number values. The increase of electrostatic interaction between same charged particles caused by the Debye screening effect provides an increase in both the osmotic pressure and the shear modulus. The higher volume fraction ratio providing larger interparticle spacing yields decreasing high frequency limit of the shear modulus, due to decreasing the particle interaction energy.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1682-1686
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• 2004

A slit-flow apparatus with laser diffraction method has been developed with significant advances in ektacytometry design, operation and data analysis. In the slit-flow ektacytometry (or laser-diffractometry), the deformation of red blood cells subjected to continuously decreasing shear stress in slit flow is measured. A laser beam traverses a diluted blood suspension flowing through a slit and is diffracted by RBCs in the volume. The diffraction patterns are captured by a CCD-video camera, linked to a frame grabber integrated with a computer, while the differential pressure variation is measured by a pressure transducer. Both measurements of laser-diffraction image and pressure with respect to time enable to determine deformation index and the shear stress. The range of shear stress of 0 ${\sim}$ 35 Pa and measuring time is less than 2 min. When deforming under decreasing shear stress, RBCs change gradually from the prolate ellipsoid towards a circular biconcave morphology. The Deformation Index (DI) as a measure of RBC deformability is determined from an isointensity curve in the diffraction pattern using an ellipse-fitting program. The advantages of this design are simplicity, i.e., ease of operation and no moving parts, low cost, short operating time, and the disposable kit which is contacted with blood sample.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2008

A method based on transient shear flow dynamics of red cell aggregates was developed to investigate reversible re-aggregation processes with decreasing shear flow. In the microchannel-flow aggregometry, the aggregated red blood cells that are subjected to continuously decreasing shear stress in microchannel flow were measured with the use of a laser-scattering technique. Both the laser-backscattered intensity and pressure were simultaneously measured with respect to time, resulting in shear stress ranging from $0{\sim}35\;Pa$ for a time period of less than 30 seconds. The time dependent recording of the backscattered light intensity (syllectogram) yielded an upward convex curve with a peak point, which reflected the transition threshold of aggregation in the RBC suspensions. Critical-time and critical-shear stress corresponding to the peak point were examined by varying the initial pressure-differential and the micro channel depth, and these results showed good potential for being used as new aggregation indices. In the present study, these newly proposed indices were also validated by differentiating the effect of fibrinogen on RBC aggregation and then these indices were compared to the conventional indices that were measured by a rotational aggregometer.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2000

일반적으로 자연상태의 흙은 이방성을 나타내며, 이러한 흙의 이방성이 응력-변형률 거동에 미치는 영향은 매우 크다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인공신경회로망 모델을 이용하여 압밀응력비 변화에 따른 정규압밀점토의 응력-변형률 거동을 모델링하고 비배수전단강도를 예측하여 보았다. 이때 사용된 신경회로망은 일반화된 델타규칙으로도 불리우는 오차역전파 학습 알고리즘을 이용한 다층신경회로망이다. 신경회로망의 학습은 인공퇴적 점토시료를 이용, 연직압밀응력과 압밀응력비를 다르게 정규압밀시킨후 비배수전단시험을 실시하여 얻어진 시험 결과를 이용하였고, 학습된 신경회로망을 이용하여 학습시 제외되었던 압밀응력비 상태에서의 비배수전단강도를 추론하여 본 결과 예측치와 실측치가 잘 일치하였다. 검토결과 실측치와 추론치 사이에는 결정계수($r^2$) 0.973 이상의 높은 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서, 본 연구결과는 점토의 비배수전단강도를 예측함에 있어서 인공신경회로망모델의 적용 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1684-1691
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• 2001

Electrorheological fluids(ERFs) show a rapid and reversible increase in apparent viscosity by applied electric field. It is called the electrorheological effect (ER effect). The reason for ER effect is the induction of an electric dipole in each particle, leading to the formation of clusters in the direction of the field, which resist fluid flow. Generally, the behavior of ER fluids has been modeled on those of Bingham fluids. But there are some differences between Bingham fluids and ER fluids. The visualization of ER fliuds are presented and ER effects by the forming, growing and breaking of clusters are discussed. In the low shear rate area, the pressure drop is measured by a pressure sensor and the formation of ER particles is visualized by video camera. The reason for the nonlinear behavior of ER fluids at low shear rate is explained through results of visualization. As result, the behavior of ER fluids is nonlinear at low shear rate with overshoot area because it is different to from the clusters according to the strength of electric field. The gap of electrodes becomes narrow because of the cluster layer occurrence near to electrodes in any conditions.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2015

벤더엘리먼트가 장착된 삼축압축시험장비를 이용하여 모래에 대한 일련의 압밀배수시험을 수행하였다. 상대밀도 및 유효구속응력 조건을 달리하여 각각의 조건별 응력-변형률 관계를 측정하였으며, 압밀이 종료된 시점에서의 전단파 속도를 측정함으로써 전단파 속도와 간극비, 유효응력, 그리고 전단강도와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 미소변형률에서의 전단파 속도로부터 계산된 최대전단탄성계수와 파괴 시의 축응력과 압밀 시의 구속응력의 합으로 정의되는 유효수직응력간에는 고유한 상관관계가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 도출된 전단탄성계수와 유효수직응력간의 상관관계는 유효구속응력을 정규화시킴으로써 정확도를 향상시켰다. 본 연구를 통해 제시된 상관관계를 통해 전단강도 및 내부 마찰각을 예측하였을 시, 실제 실내 시험을 통해 산출된 내부 마찰각을 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 미소변형률에서의 전단파 속도를 기반으로 신뢰성 높은 파괴 시 전단강도, 나아가 내부 마찰각까지 예측이 가능하다는 것을 의미하며 기존 SPT-N value와 경험식을 통해 내부 마찰각을 예측하여 설계에 적용하는 방식의 불확실성을 개선해 줄 수 있는 매우 유용한 방법이라고 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2018

쏘일네일 보강지반에 전단변형이 발생하면 쏘일네일 주변지반에는 수동토압이 유발되고, 전단변형의 증가는 주변지반의 토압 변화와 쏘일네일의 변형 및 부재력 변화를 야기한다. 본 연구에서는 대형 직접전단시험기를 이용하여 쏘일네일의 수직방향으로 전단변형을 유발하면서 쏘일네일의 전단거동을 실험적으로 분석하였으며, 수치해석을 통해 검증하였다. 전단면에서 이격된 쏘일네일의 정착부 길이(6D, 8D, 10D, 12D) 변화를 변수로 전단시험을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 전단변형의 지속적인 증가는 그라우트의 손상을 유발함을 확인하였으며, 정착부 길이변화에 따른 영향을 확인하였다. 모형시험과 수치해석을 통해 분석된 쏘일네일의 전이길이는 0.2~0.22m로 기존 연구에서 제시한 0.1m보다 크게 증가하였으며, 전단영역은 전단면에서 0.6m까지의 범위로 확인되었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1350-1353
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• 2007

An experimental method based on contact resonance is developed to extract the contact parameters of mechanical joints under various clamped conditions. Mechanical joint parameters of shear contact stiffness and damping were extracted for different physical joint parameters such as surface finish of the mating surfaces, the presence of lubrication, the effect of the clamping pressure, and shear load. It was found that the shear contact stiffness values decreased with increasing clamping load and increased with increasing shear loading. Contact damping ratio values were almost constant with clamping load, but decreased with increasing shear load. Moreover, rough surfaces exhibited the highest shear stiffness and contact damping compared to smooth surfaces.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.557-571
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• 2022

Landslides are often triggered by weak interlayers initiated in tailings dam foundations, and hazards gradually occur. This is serious for landslides in high tailings dams due to their high potential energy. Tailing samples with a fine-grained interlayer at a set dip angle were prepared. Consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial shear tests were carried out by using a high-pressure triaxial apparatus. The results were compared with the results under a low confining pressure. Four reasons were summarized for high tailings dams more prone to instability than low dams. The shear strength of the samples with dipping interlayers decreases with increasing dip angle. An obvious straight drop in the stress path after the peak occurs in samples with dipping interlayers at an angle of 60°. The effect of the interlayer on the mechanical behaviour of tailings is very sensitive, especially for the sample with a dipping interlayer at an angle of 60°. Shear slipping along the interlayer should be given more attention in tailings dams. Compared with the results under low confining pressure, the stress decreases continuously for the samples with dipping interlayers at large angles under high confining pressure. The positive pore pressure, which reduces the effective stress, occurred in tailings samples under high confining pressure. The residual strength of tailings under high confining pressure is smaller than that under low confining pressure. These factors increase the dam break risk and the disaster impact for high tailings dams.