• 한국어병학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.219-231
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• 1993

The author introduces the preventive and therapeutic methods of diseases in Japanese flounder which have been conducted by the Fish Disease Laboratory, the Mikamewan Fishery Cooperative Union, Ehime Prefecture, since 1982. Prevention 1. Addition of a sand substrate in the culture pond was effective to prevent ulcer disease. 2. Bathing in 0.5ppm of copper ion was effective to prevent some parasites. 3. Low stocking density of the fish reduced an incidence of edwardsiellosis or gliding bacterial disease. 4. Removal of the diseased fish prevented thd spread of lyphoeystis. 5. So-called $\pi$-water was effective to prevent the fry from some diseases. 6. Immersion of the juvenile in a sodium nifrusylate solution during transportation was effective to prevent gliding bacterial disease. Therapy 1. Sodium nifrustylate or oxytetracycline was effective to cure gliding bacterial disease. 2. Bathing in formalin(150ppm) or freshwater was effective to cure scuticociliatidosis. 3. Erythromycin was effective to cure $\beta$-hemolytic Streptococcus sp. infection. 4. Bathing in a hydrogen peroxide solution(1.5%) was effective to cure white spot disease.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 1997

어류의 감염 조직으로부터 edwardsiellosis의 원인균인 Edwardsiella tarda를 whole cell 자체로 직접 검출할 수 있는 solid phase ELISA법을 연구하였다. A. hydrophila ATCC7966, V. anguillarum HUFP5001, Y. ruckeri 11-4, E. ictaluri 및 Streptococcus sp. NG8206 등의 어병세균에 대해 ELISA법으로 실시한 교차반응 분석에서 A. hydrophila ATCC7966 균주와 V. anguillarum HUFP5001 균주가 E. tarda Edk-2에 대한 토끼 항혈청에 대해 높은 교차반응을 나타내었으나, 항혈청을 A. hydrophila ATCC7966 FKC로 흡착시킴으로써 교차반응을 제거할 수가 있었다. 그러나, 응집항체가 측정 결과와는 달리, ELISA 분석에서는 E. tarda 분리 균주간의 교차반응이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. Tissue homogenate내에 있는 항원을 검출함에 있어, 조직내의 지질이나 단백질 성분이 함께 분석용 plate에 coating되어 감도가 훨씬 감소하므로 ELISA법의 적용을 위해서는 감염 조직의 homogenate를 PBS에 100배 이상 희석한 후 진단을 실시해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. Tissue homogenate내에 있는 생균을 항원으로 하여 직접 검출할 때에는 검출한계가 $1{\times}10^3$ cells/ml로 나타나 FKC 항원의 사용에 비하여 더 증가된 감도를 보여주었다. 결론적으로 본 ELISA법은 양식장에서 발생한 edwardsiellosis를 진단함에 있어서 특이적이고 신속하며 민감한 방법으로 확인되었다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1992

본 연구는 tilapia의 Edwardsiella tarda균체 항원(FKC)에 대한 항원성을 증가시키고, 백신의 투여 효과를 지속시키기 위해 백신을 3종류의 adjuvant 즉 FCA, FIA 및 PAS에 혼합하여 사용했을 때와 adjuvant만을 사용했을 때 그리고 E. tarda의 FKC를 투여 했을 때의 효과를 비교 조사하고자 하였다. Microtiter법에 의해 응집 항체가의 지속성을 측정하였고, 공격 시험에 대한 방어 효과는 E. tarda T1123균주의 농도별에 따른 상대 생존율(RPS)로서 판정하였다. 3종류의 adjuvant에 혼합시킨 백신 실험구는 FKC 단독 투여 실험구에 비하여 8주째 높은 응집 항체가를 지속시켰다. 가장 높은 응집 항체가는 2주째 FCA+FKC, PAS+FKC 및 FKC 실험구에서 나타났다. 상대 생존율이 60이상으로 나타난 실험구는 면역 처리 후 3주째 $2.5{\times}10^7\;CFU/ml$와 $2.5{\times}10^8\;CFU/ml$ 농도로서 공격 시험한 FCA+FKC, PAS+FKC 및 FKC 실험구와 8주째 $2.5{\times}10^7\;CFU/ml$ 농도로서 공격 시험한 FCA+FKC 및 PAS+FKC 실험구 이었다. Adjuvant만으로 면역 처리한 Tilapia의 E. tarda에 대한 저항성은 대조구보다 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. Tilapia의 에드와드병에 대한 백신의 adjuvant로서 FCA와 PAS는 백신 효과를 장기간 지속시켜 방어력을 증강시킨 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 1995

경골어류의 질병진행과정에 따른 임파조혈조직내 대식세포의 분포변화 특성을 밝히고자 Edwardsiella tarda균과 그 분비독소인 Extracellula products(ECP)를 각각 진골어류의 일종인 틸라피아에 복강 주사한 후, 임상증상을 발현하지 않은 개체에 대하여 비장 및 두신의 병리조직학적 변화를 경시적으로 조사하였다. E. tarda 생균을 주사 1주일후, 비장에서는 주로 유초동맥을 중심으로, 두신에서는 조혈 조직전반에 걸쳐 대식세포 집단이 출현하였다. 또한 이 집단들은 시간이 경과함에 따라 MMC와 유사한 밀집구조를 이루었고, 1주째에는 이들 응집체가 더욱 치밀해지면서 주위의 실질은 어느 정도 회복경향을 보였다. 대식세포 집단은 2주째가 되면서 대부분 사라졌고, 거의 정상적 조직배열상을 보였다. ECP주사에 의한 비장과 두신의 경시적 조직학적 변화는 생균주사의 경우와 매우 유사하였으나 생균주사의 경우에 비해 대식세포의 응집이 더욱 빠르게 일어났을 뿐 아니라, 주사 후 1시간째의 비장 및 두신조직에서도 유초동맥의 증식비후(비장) 또는 대식세포 집단의 출현(두신)이 인정되었다. 따라서 E. tarda 생균 또는 그 ECP를 틸라피아에 주사했을 경우, 임파조혈조직내의 이와 같은 대식세포 행동특성은 에드워드증(Edwardsiellosis) 또는 기타 감염증의 조기진단을 위한 중요한 병리조직학적 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1998

1991년 1월부터 1997년 12월까지 제주도 넙치양식장의 감염어에서 발생한 세균성질병의 연도별 발생상황은 단독 감염질병에 있어서는 1997년에 243건(26.8%)으로 가장 높았고, 1993 년에 82건(9.1%)으로 가장 낮았다. 혼합 감염질병에 있어서는 1997년에 94건(28.1%)으로 가장 높았으며 1991년에 18건(5.4%)으로 가장 낮았다. 단독감염의 월별발생상황은 8월에 132건 (14.6%)으로 가장 높았고, 1월에 38건(4.2%)으로 가장 낮았다. 혼합감염의 월별발생상황은 월별차이는 별로 없었으나 11월과 12월에 각각 9건으로 가장 낮았다. 단독 감염의 세균 종류별 연도별 발생 상황은 비브리오증이 437건(48.2%)으로 가장 높았으며 활주세균증이 22건(2.4%)으로 가장 낮았다. 혼합 감염의 연도별 빌생 상황은 비브리오+활주세균증이 178건(53.1%)으로 가장 높았으며 에드와드+연쇄구균증이 28건(8.4%)으로 가장 낮았다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1997

Characteristics, pathogenicity and control of the causative organisms isolated front diseased cultured flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were studied. The causative organisms were identified as E tarda by biochemical and biophysical characteristics. Also, it strains were named as E tarda KBF-1 and E tarda KMF-1, and optimal pH of E tarda KBF-1 and E tarda KMF-1 were 8.0, and optimal concentration of NaCl. E tarda KBF-1 was 0% and E tarda KMF-1 was 1%. In the pathogenicity test, 0~10 of the flounders of artificially infected group(E tarda KBF-1) with $1.0{\times}10^7$ cfu/fish were died within 60 hrs, but 0~9 flounders infected group with 41.0{\times}10^6$ cfu/fish were died within 60 hrs. Also, 0~10 flounders infected group(E tarda KMF-1) with $1.0{\times}10^7$ cfu/fish were died within 36 hrs, while 0~7 flounders infected with $1.0{\times}10^6$ cfu/fish were died within 60 hrs. Drug sensitivity of E tarda KBF-1 strain was resistant to AM, CF and N, and intermediate to E, K and S, and sensitivity to C, G, SxT and FF. But E tarda KMF-1 strain was resistant to CF, E and V, and intermediate to AM, C, N and SxT, and sensitivity to GM and FF.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 1993

Flounder culture has been developed mainly in the western parts of japan, and, to date, following six bacterial diseases have been reported. Bacterial white enteritis occurs in 16 to 30-day-old flounder larvae and often causes mass mortality in seed production. Bacterium named Vibrio sp. INFL invades and multiplies in the mucosae of posterier part of intestine, and causes desquamative enteritis. Gliding bacterial disease occurs mostly in juvenile stage and in spring to summer. Diseased signs are partial discoloration and erosion of skin and fins. Histologically, epidermis are removed, and the causative bacterium, Flexibacter maritimus, multiplies on the surface of demis and invades into the muscular tissue. Vibriosis caused by Vibrio anguillarum and related organisum is one of the well-known diseases among marine fish. Outbreaks of the disease in flounder culture are relatively few, but mass mortalities in fingerlings due to the disease were reported. An outbreak of nocardiosis in the autumn of 1984 has been reported, but since then the disease scarcely occurred. The disease is characterized by formation of abscesses under the skin and white nodes in the gill, heart, spleen and kidney. Streptococcicosis occurs frequently in recent years. Beta-hemolytic streptococcus is the causative bacterium, which possesses the same biochemical and serological characteristics as $\beta$-streptococci isolated from some marine and freshwater fish, and is seemed to related to Streptococcus iniae. Edwardsiellosis is the disease that causes most damage in flounder culture in Japan. Characteristic symptoms are swelling of abdomen and intestinal protrusion from the anus due to accumulation of ascites. Edwardsiella tarda, a well-known pathogen of freshwater fish, is the causative bacterium of the disease.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2013

Vibriosis caused by Vibrio anguillarum and edwardsiellosis caused by Edwardsiella tarda are septicemic diseases of many commercially important freshwater and marine fishes, and threaten the aquaculture industry in Korea. Early diagnosis and accurate identification of these two bacterial species could help to prevent these diseases and minimize the damage to cultured marine species. This study designed a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the simultaneous detection of two major fish pathogens: V. anguillarum and E. tarda. Each pair of oligonucleotide primers exclusively amplified the target groEL gene of the specific microorganism. Twenty-two Vibrio and ten non-Vibrio enteric species were used to check the specificity of the primers, which were found to be highly specific for the target species, even among closely related species. The detection limit was 400 pg for V. anguillarum and 4 ng for E. tarda when mixed purified DNA was used as the template. This assay showed high specificity and sensitivity in the simultaneous detection of V. anguillarum and E. tarda from artificially inoculated seawater and fish.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1989

Edwardsiella tarda, the causative organism of Edwardsiellosis, was isolated from the water and the eel, Anguilla japonica of the recirculating eel culture ponds in 1988. E. tarda was always isolated from the water of eel culture ponds in the number of log 2.30~log 4.78 CFU/$m{\ell}$ without distinguishable seasonal characteristics. The counts of isolated E. tarda were changed with the health condition of the eel, i. e., a number of E. tarda were isolated from all checked organs, intestine contents, liver, spleen and kidney of the diseased eel, however, it was hardly isolated from spleen and kidney of the healthy eel. The isolates were classified according to o-agglutinating test into three serotypes (I, II, III). There were no distinct differences in the composition of the serotypes between intestine contents of eel and pond water samples(I, 52.4~53.3% ; II, 20.0~23.8% ; III, 4.8~6.7%). Serotype I was ascendant in the spleen(66.7%) and the kidney(73.7%) samples. By experimental challenge, most of serotype I proved highly virulent to eel in comparison with the other serotypes tested.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 1993

In this study, we carried out the rapid diagnostic system based on indirect fluorescent anti-body technique (IFAT) for detection of bacterial diseases in cultured freshwater fishes. 1. When the fishes were tested with graded dilution of Edwardsiella tarda FPC 470 bacteria detection from ten fishes Injected with $4.1{\times}10^3$colony forming unit(CFU) /ml, all of them were detected by IFAT but only two fishes were recognizable by the culture method in the tested fishes injected with $4.1{\times}10^3$CFU /ml. 2. The bacteria E. tarda could be detected by IFAT method from 1 to 48hrs after Injection in the tissues tested such as kidney, liver and spleen of the fishes, whereas detection by culture method could be recognized from 1 to 48hrs after injection In the kidney and spleen but it was not possible from preinjection to 1 hr in the liver. 3. Thus, IFAT proved to be more useful technique than plate culture method in the diagnosis of Edwardsiellosis in the freshwater fishes.