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소 도축 관련 종사자의 인수공통감염증 인지도 조사 (Awareness of Zoonoses among Cattle Slaughterhouse Workers in Korea)

  • 임현술;유석주;이관
    • 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.101-112
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    • 2009
  • 2007년 11월 현재 운영 중인 전국 73개 도축장 및 62개 부산물처리장에서 근무하고 있는 소 도축 관련 종사자 1,503명(도축작업자 859명, 부산물처리자 358명, 검사관 및 검사보조원 191명, 등급판정사 및 보조원 95명)을 대상으로 3가지 인수공통감염증(브루셀라증, 큐열, 장출혈성대장균감염증)에 대한 인지도 및 전파경로, 예방법 등에 대한 설문조사를 실시하여 각 직종별로 인수공통감염증에 대한 인지도를 성별, 연령대별, 학력별로 분석하였다. 각 인수공통감염증의 인지율은 브루셀라증이 83.9%로 높은데 비해, 장출혈성대장균감염증은 62.1%이었고, 큐열은 18.5%이었다. 큐열의 경우, 도축작업자와 부산물처리자, 등급판정사 및 보조원의 인지율이 각각 6.6%, 10.3%, 18.9%에 불과했다. 직종별로는 도축작업자와 부산물처리자의 인지율이 검사관 및 검사보조원이나 등급판정사 및 보조원에 비하여 낮고, 같은 직종 내에서는 브루셀라증과 장출혈성대장균감염증의 인지율이 학력이 증가함에 따라 유의미하게 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 또한 다항로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 학력이 유의미하게 인지도에 영향을 주는 요인으로 밝혀져 고위험군을 대상으로 인수공통감염증 전반에 대한 기초적인 교육의 중요성이 강조된다. 각 인수공통감염증의 전파경로로 대부분의 종사자들이 경구를 통한 감염에 대해서는 올바르게 인지하고 있었지만, 그 외의 감염경로에 대해서는 모르거나 잘못 알고 있는 경우가 많았다. 인수공통감염증의 예방이 어려운 이유를 묻는 질문에서 도축작업자와 부산물처리자는 ‘예방법을 몰라서’가, 검사관 및 검사보조원과 등급판정사 및 보조원은 ‘보호구는 있는데 착용하면 불편하고 거추장스러워서’가 가장 많은 답변이었다. 이번 연구의 결과를 토대로 큐열에 대한 홍보교육을 강화하여야 할 것이며, 도축작업자와 부산물처리자에 대해서는 인수공통전염병 전반에 대한 기초교육과 함께 예방법에 대한 교육을 실시해야 할 것이다.

The current state and prospects of travel business development under the COVID-19 pandemic

  • Tkachenko, Tetiana;Pryhara, Olha;Zatsepina, Nataly;Bryk, Stepan;Holubets, Iryna;Havryliuk, Alla
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제21권12spc호
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    • pp.664-674
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    • 2021
  • The relevance of this scientific research is determined by the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the current trends and dynamics of world tourism development. This article aims to identify patterns of development of the modern tourist market, analysis of problems and prospects of development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. General scientific methods and methods of research are used in the work: analysis, synthesis, comparison, analysis of statistical data. The analysis of the viewpoints of foreign and domestic authors on the research of the international tourist market allowed us to substantiate the actual directions of tourism development due to the influence of negative factors connected with the spread of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Economic-statistical, abstract-logical, and economic-mathematical methods of research were used during the process of study and data processing. Results. The analysis of the current state of the tourist market by world regions was carried out. It was found that tourism is one of the most affected sectors from COVID-19, as, by the end of 2020, the total number of tourist arrivals in the world decreased by 74% compared to the same period in 2019. The consequence of this decline was a loss of total global tourism revenues by the end of 2020, which equaled $1.3 trillion. 27% of all destinations are completely closed to international tourism. At the end of 2020, the economy of international tourism has shrunk by about 80%. In 2020 the world traveled 98 million fewer people (-83%) relative to the same period last year. Tourism was hit hardest by the pandemic in the Asia-Pacific region, where travel restrictions are as strict as possible. International arrivals in this region fell by 84% (300 million). The Middle East and Africa recorded declines of 75 and 70 percent. Despite a small and short-lived recovery in the summer of 2020, Europe lost 71% of the tourist flow, with the European continent recording the largest drop in absolute terms compared with 2019, 500 million. In North and South America, foreign arrivals declined. It is revealed that a significant decrease in tourist flows leads to a massive loss of jobs, a sharp decline in foreign exchange earnings and taxes, which limits the ability of states to support the tourism industry. Three possible scenarios of exit of the tourist industry from the crisis, reflecting the most probable changes of monthly tourist flows, are considered. The characteristics of respondents from Ukraine, Germany, and the USA and their attitude to travel depending on gender, age, education level, professional status, and monthly income are presented. About 57% of respondents from Ukraine, Poland, and the United States were planning a tourist trip in 2021. Note that people with higher or secondary education were more willing to plan such a trip. The results of the empirical study confirm that interest in domestic tourism has increased significantly in 2021. The regression model of dependence of the number of domestic tourist trips on the example of Ukraine with time tendency (t) and seasonal variations (Turˆt = 7288,498 - 20,58t - 410,88∑5) it forecast for 2020, which allows stabilizing the process of tourist trips after the pandemic to use this model to forecast for any country. Discussion. We should emphasize the seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many experts and scientists believe in the long-term recovery of the tourism industry. In our opinion, the governments of the countries need to refocus on domestic tourism and deal with infrastructure development, search for new niches, formats, formation of new package deals in new - domestic - segment (new products' development (tourist routes, exhibitions, sightseeing programs, special rehabilitation programs after COVID) -19 in sanatoriums, etc.); creation of individual offers for different target audiences). Conclusions. Thus, the identified trends are associated with a decrease in the number of tourist flows, the negative impact of the pandemic on employment and income from tourism activities. International tourism needs two to four years before it returns to the level of 2019.