• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2007

Since 1996, the Health Promotion Programme spearheaded by the Korean Central Government has been actively developing and recently, the Healthy City Project led by the local autonomous entities have also been actively promoted. Healthy City is one in which the health and well-being of the citizens are given the utmost importance in the decision-making of the city. While the Health Promotion Programme focuses on changing the "health behavior" of the people, the Healthy City Project, a policy to improve the existing inequality of public health services, deals with more essential health factors and requires political support as well as a new organization. The Healthy City paradigm based on the New Public Health started in England and ever since the Healthy City Model Project spearheaded by the EURO WHO began in 1986, the Alliance for Healthy Cities centered in the West Pacific region supported by the WHO in Oct 2003 was inaugurated. 19 Korean cities are full members of the Alliance for Healthy Cities and 2 laboratories are associate members. The Ministry of Health and Welfare has held the Healthy City Forum consisting of related officials, experts and representatives of civic bodies on 6 occasions since Dec 2005. The need for adequate administrative and financial support from the Central Government to the local autonomous entities governing the Healthy Cities was raised. It is hoped that this Healthy City Project will bring about the improved health conditions of the people as well as promote the equality of the public health services.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.251-280
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• 2014

과학기술의 젠더 불균형을 개선하기 위한 정책적 시도가 이루어져왔음에도 불구하고 한국 과학기술계에서 여성은 여전히 과소대표되고 있다. 과학기술 젠더 불균형 개선을 위해서는 인력 구조의 측면에서만이 아니라 조직 문화, 교육 제도, 연구 환경에 걸친 다양한 분야에서 젠더 포괄성이 성공적으로 증진된 사례를 모아 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 과학기술계의 젠더 불균형을 개선하기 위해 과학기술 교육, 연구, 직업적 환경의 전반에 걸쳐 시도된 국외의 성공적 사례들을 수집하였다. 논문의 주된 논의는 다음과 같다. 우선 성공적인 젠더 다양성 증진 사례들이 과학기술계의 제도적, 문화적 환경에 대한 성인지(gender-sensitivity)적 관점에 기반을 두고 있음을 논의하고자 한다. 다음으로 성인지 관점에서 출발한 젠더 불균형 개선 시도들이 일부 여성과학기술자들의 지위 향상을 넘어 과학기술의 개선에 기여할 수 있음을 논의할 것이다. 마지막으로 본 논문은 한국의 과학기술 젠더 불균형 개선을 위한 방안을 제시할 것이다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.83-104
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• 2008

Objectives: Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is a kind of health promotion approach to increase social cohesion and sense of community, which has built the collaborated partnership in all phases. This has the co-ownership of research objectives and knowledges produced by residents, and the outcome was taken to enhance community empowerment. This study performed to embody CBPR, which had regulated collective health status approached by social epidemiology. Methods: Reference review had been exercised focused on CBPR books and papers published since 1990. Our interests were aimed at its paradigm and methodological issues. Particularly, we problematized its feasibility in the social and behavioral foundations of pubic health. Results: According to the review, CBPR shared critical understanding and decision-making related to their community development including health status. Therefore, it was strength-based approach in spite of scientific dichotomy. CBPR created social cohesion and community empowerment with all participants, because it sublated contradiction between subjectivism and objectivism. Conclusions: The success of CBPR needs what we so called trust, democracy, collaboration, devotion, and consensus of equity. Despite these factors, CBPR may be a methodological transition to prepare some intervention of health inequality. This is because it does emphasize a mixture of theory and praxis to manage vulnerable people in community.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2017

다문화 가정의 정보 격차의 주요 원인인 언어장벽은 다문화 가정 자녀의 낮은 교육수준과 높은 연관성을 가지며, 경제불균형을 높임으로써 추가적인 사회문제화가 될 것으로 예상된다. 다문화가정 학부모는 디지털 기기에 대한 접근성과 자료 활용 능력이 일반국민에 비해 현저하게 떨어지는 정보격차로 인해 기존의 교육 콘텐츠의 효과적 활용은 제약점을 갖고 있다. 이러한 제약점을 해결하기 위해서는 학습자의 이해수준에 적합한 콘텐츠를 제공하는 맞춤형 학습콘텐츠 지원체제의 구축은 필수적이다. 이 논문에서는 다문화가정 학부모의 정보격차 해소를 위한 한한변환 기반 학습콘텐츠 시스템을 설계하고 이를 위한 사용자 맞춤형 학습콘텐츠 지원을 위한 한한변환 시스템의 프로토타입을 결과로 제시한다.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2012

There is growing evidence that substance use such as tobacco or alcohol consumption influences health disparity among adolescents. Previous research papers have shown an inconsistency in the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and substance use in adolescents. However, little is known about socio-economic differences in unhealthy behaviors among Korean adolescents. The purpose of the present study is to explore associations between SES and substance use in Korean adolescents. The analysis was performed using data from the 2009 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (YRBS), which included a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students. Drinking/heavy drinking and smoking/daily smoking behavior indices were used for dependent variables, and perceived economic status, family affluence score, parents' education were used for independent variables. Chi-square test were used to compare tobacco and alcohol consumption among 3 SES groups. Logistic regression models were used to identify statistically significant socio-economic factors after adjusting other covariates. Higher perceived economic status and higher family affluence were associated with higher rates of smoking, daily smoking, drinking, and heavy drinking, while lower level of parents' education was related to higher use of tobacco and alcohol. Socio-economic status significantly influences health behaviors in adolescents, and it may consequently affect health disparity in their adulthood. Therefore, there is a need of continuous monitoring and follow-up research of health disparity among adolescents.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2019

Background: The health of the economically active population contributes to increased corporate productivity by reducing the productivity loss caused by disease and increasing job efficiency, which in turn is a national benefit. Since the economically active population is a concept encompassing workers and a source of economic development for a country, that population's health should be treated with importance not only from a personal standpoint but also at a national level. Methods: In this study, data of 11,007 adults aged 20 years and older who participate in economic activities were analyzed in the five-year Korea Health Panel Study from 2010 to 2014 including the number of dental visits and dental medical expenses. Results: Factors related to "gender," "education level," "age," "duty category," "income level," "employment type," "national health insurance," and "chronic disease status" of the economically active population are affected in relation to the number of visits and dental medical expenses. The number of dental visits increased with higher education levels (p<0.001), and the number of visits to the dentist increased with older age (p <0.001). Dental medical expenses were 91,806 Korean won (KRW) more for "white-collar workers" than for "blue-collar workers" (p<0.03), and 127,674 KRW more for "regular workers" than for "atypical workers" (p<0.02). Conclusion: When it is necessary to improve policies to enhance the efficiency of the distribution of health and medical resources in the overall balance of the dental health sector, we should try to identify various factors of oral health disorder due to income inequality among the classes according to the country's employment type in order to find ways to reduce the health gap among the social classes.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.273-288
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• 2018

본 연구는 농업의 산업화가 가장 진전된 것으로 평가받는 시설원예 부문에 주목하고, 국내에서 오랜 재배역사를 통해 시설재배가 발전한 참외농업을 대상으로 농업의 구조적 차원에서 나타나는 변화를 집약화와 집중화를 중심으로 고찰하였다. 1970년대 이후 참외농업에서는 투입재 산업에 대한 의존도가 증가하고 노동 투입이 감소하면서 자본에 의한 노동의 대체가 진행되었고 이 과정에서 생산성 향상이 이루어지면서 집약화가 진전되었다. 이와 같은 집약화 과정에서 시설재배가 타 지역에 비해 일찍 성장한 경상북도 성주군 일대를 중심으로 생산성 우위가 발생하면서 공간적 집중화와 함께 농가 수준의 집중화가 진행되었다. 이와 같은 참외농업의 재구조화 과정에서는 기존 농업지리의 역동적 전환이 수반되면서 농업발전의 공간적 불균등이 심화되는것으로 나타났다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2022

Background: External-cause mortality is an important public health issue worldwide. Considering its significance to workers' health and inequalities across industries, we aimed to describe the state of external-cause mortality and investigate its difference by industry in Republic of Korea based on data for 2018. Methods: Data obtained from the Statistics Korea and Korean Employment Information System were used. External causes of death were divided into three categories (suicide, transport accident, and others), and death occurred during employment period or within 90 days after unemployment was regarded as workers' death. We calculated age- and sex-standardized mortalities per 100,000, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) compared to the general population and total workers, and mortality rate ratios (RRs) across industries using information and communication as a reference. Correlation analyses between income, education, and mortality were conducted. Results: Age- and sex-standardized external-cause mortality per 100,000 in all workers was 29.4 (suicide: 16.2, transport accident: 6.6, others: 6.6). Compared to the general population, all external-cause and suicide SMRs were significantly lower; however, there was no significant difference in transport accidents. When compared to total workers, wholesale, transportation, and business facilities management showed higher SMR for suicide, and agriculture, forestry, and fishing, mining and quarrying, construction, transportation and storage, and public administration and defense showed higher SMR for transport accidents. A moderate to strong negative correlation was observed between education level and mortality (both age- and sex-standardized mortality rates and SMR compared to the general population). Conclusion: Inequalities in external-cause mortalities from suicide, transport accidents, and other causes were found. For reducing the differences, improved policies are needed for industries with higher mortalities.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2023

Objectives: This study used the 2018 Korea Health Panel Survey data to analyze factors affecting employment status and income relating to unmet dental and medical care needs. Additionally it investigated measures to reduce oral health inequality among various socioeconomic classes. Methods: Descriptive statistics for the subjects' unmet dental and medical care needs were calculated through chi-square test analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify factors affecting the unmet dental and medical care needs. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated for each level. These data were analyzed using STATA 17.0 SE (64-bit) version, and the statistical significance level was set to p<0.05. Results: As a result of unmet dental and medical care needs according to general characteristics, the lower the education level (p<0.001), the higher the age (p<0.001) and the lower the household equalization income (p<0.024) and the smoker status (p<0.003) were, respectively. Factors that have a statistically significant impact on unmet dental and medical care needs were divorce, separation and bereavement (p<0.001) in individuals than in married persons, and being smokers than non-smokers (p<0.009). The frequency of unmet dental and medical care needs were found to be lower in the cases of a high school graduate than an elementary school graduate (p<0.018), and of higher household equalization income (p<0.001) than the lowest household equalization income, respectively. Conclusions: It was found that various factors such as age, education level, household equalization income, employment status, type of working hours type, and smoking status affect unmet dental and medical care needs.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2011

목적: 본 연구는 저시력과 가구 소득, 교육 수준 및 직업과 같은 사회경제적 요인과의 관련성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 국민건강영양조사(2009년) 데이터를 이용하여 교정시력 검사를 받은 2,514명을 대상으로 가구소득, 교육수준, 직업에 따른 저시력의 유병률을 t-검정 및 $\chi^2$ 검정하였고, 대응위험도(odds ratio)를 측정하기 위하여 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하였다. 결과: 가구 소득, 교육수준, 직능 수준이 낮을수록 저시력 발생이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 가구소득이 '하'인 경우 대응위험도는 2.77(95% CI, 1.72-4.47)이었고, 교육수준이 '초졸 이하'인 경우는 4.02(95% CI, 1.75-9.23)이었으며, 직업이 '무직'인 경우는 3.65(95% CI, 1.14-11.68)이었다. 결론: 사회적으로 저시력에 대한 관심이 필요하며, 정책적으로 저시력 환자들의 눈 건강형평성을 해소하기 위한 안 보건 교육, 안질환 조기발견을 위한 검진 사업, 저시력 보조기구 사용교육 등 폭넓고 세심한 지원 그리고 이를 위해 가능한 보건 정책이 개발되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.