• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.173-178
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• 2002

Flat plate is susceptible to punching shear failure at the slab-column connection, which may cause catastrophic structural collapse. To prevent such brittle failure, strength and ductility of the connection should be ensured. However, since it is very difficult to experimentally simulate the actual load and boundary conditions of the flat plate system, it is not easy to obtain reliable information and data regarding to the strength and ductility of the flat plate-column edge connection. In the present study, numerical studies were performed for edge connections of continuous flat plate. The results were compared with the existing experiments, and the variations of bending moment, drift, effective width around the connection were investigated. Based on tile findings of the numerical studies, the disadvantages of current design methods were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.106-114
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• 2021

In the present study, we investigate the flow characteristics of a paraglider canopy with leading-edge tubercles by performing force measurement and surface flow visualizations. The experiment is conducted at Re = 3.3×10⁵ in a wind tunnel, where Re is the Reynolds number based on the mean chord length and the free-stream velocity. The canopy model with leading-edge tubercles has flow characteristics of a two-step stall, showing an earlier onset of the first stall than the canopy model without leading-edge tubercles. However, the main stall angle of the tubercled model is much larger than that of the canopy model without tubercles, resulting in a higher aerodynamic performance at high angles of attack. The delay in the main stall is ascribed to the suppression of separation bubble collapse around the wingtip at high angles of attack.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1166-1172
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• 2007

Drainage pipeline system repaired by trenchless technology using liners can be defined between partial and entire collapse. The liners in the partial collapse pipeline are subjected to only uniform groundwater pressure on the surface. This research evaluates practical and useful cured-in-placed pipe (CIPP) design equations based on experimental results and finite element analysis results. Also, stability evaluation of pipe liner system with edge treatment is performed using finite element analysis. The CIPP equation should be used to design liner pipe system.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.42.1-42.1
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• 2019

We investigate a collapsing granule event and the associated excitation of waves in the photosphere and chromosphere. Our observations were carried out by using the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph and the TiO 7057Å Broadband Filter Imager of the 1.6 meter Goode Solar Telescope of Big Bear Solar Observatory. During our observations, we found a granule which became significantly darker than neighboring granules. The edge of the granule collapsed within several minutes. After the collapse, transient oscillations occurred in the photospheric and chromospheric layers. The dominant period of the oscillations is close to 4.5 minutes in the photosphere and 4 minutes in the chromosphere. Moreover, in the Ca II-0.5Å raster image, we observed brightenings which are considered as the manifestation of shock waves. Based on our results, we suggest that the impulsive collapse of a granule can generate upward-propagating acoustic waves in the solar quiet region that ultimately develop into shocks.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 1987

This study was designed to investigate the effect of board thickness and ring angle on the characteristics including internal check. ring failure, surface check, end check, collapse, thickness shrinkage and width shrinkage of press-drying. The exprimental materials of 6mm-. 9mm- and 12mm-thick board were taken from heartwood and sapwood of oak (Quercus acutissima Carr.) respectively. And boards were numbered according to position in the log(No. 1 to No. 4 for heartwood :md No. 9 for sapwood). Press-drying was at $145^{\circ}C$ platen temperature and 3.5kg/$Cm^2$ platen pressure. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. Drying rates for sapwood materials were greater than those for heartwood materials. And drying rates for thinner materials were greater than those for thicker materials. 2. The thinner boards were. the severer surface checking developed in the heartwood materials, and surface checking for heartwood materials had no tendency in board position for the same thickness. Sapwood materials were completely free from surface checking. 3. End checking for heartwood materials had no tendency in board position. The greater deviation of ring angle from perfectly edge-grained was, the severer and checking developed in the sapwood materials. But end checking did not occur in 6mm-thick sapwood materials. 4. The greater deviation of ring angle from perfectly edge-grained was, the severer end checking developed for heartwood and sapwood materials. As board thickness increased, maternal checking developed more severely for heartwood and sapweed materials. 5. For heartwood materials, ring failure, reduced with increasing deviation of ring angle from perfectly edge-grained except 12mm-thick material and showed no significant difference attributable to board thickness. Sapwood materials were completely free from ring failure. 6. For heartwood and sapwood materials, collapse was slight and showed no significant differences attributable to both board thickness and board position. 7. As deviation of ring angle from perfectly edge-grained increased, shrinkage of board thickness decreased for heartwood and sapwood materials. 8. Shrinkage of board width showed no significant differences attributable to both board thickness and board position for heartwood and sapweed materials.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

The present study on nitrogen-diluted non-premixed counterflow flames with finite burner diameters experimentally investigates the important role of the outer edge flame in flame extinction. Flame stability diagrams mapping the flame extinction response of nitrogen-diluted non-premixed counterflow flames to varying global strain rates in terms of the burner diameter, burner gap, and velocity ratio are explored. There exists a critical nitrogen mole fraction beyond which the flame cannot be sustained, and also the curves of the critical nitrogen mole fraction versus the global strain rate have C-shapes in terms of burner diameter, burner gap, and velocity ratio. In flames with sufficiently high strain rates, the curves of the critical nitrogen mole fractions versus global strain rate collapse into one curve, and the flames can have the 1-D flame response of typical diffusion flames. Three flame extinction modes are identified: flame extinctions through the shrinkage of the outer edge flame with and without an oscillation of the outer edge flame prior to the extinction and flame extinction through a flame hole at the flame center. The measured flame surface temperature and a numerical evaluation of the fractional contribution of each term in the energy equation show that the radial conductive heat loss at the flame edge destabilizes the outer edge flame, and the conductive and convection heat addition to the outer edge from the trailing diffusion flame stabilizes the outer edge flame. The radial conductive heat loss at the flame edge is the dominant extinction mechanism acting through the shrinkage of the outer edge flame.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.761-781
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• 2012

The collapse of structures due to snow loads on roofs occurs frequently for steel structures and rarely for reinforced concrete structures. Since the most significant difference between these structures is related to their ability to handle dead loads, dead loads are believed to play an important part in the collapse of structures by snow loads. As such, the effect of dead loads on displacements and stress couples produced by live loads is presented for plates with different edge conditions. The governing equation of plates that takes into account the effect of dead loads is formulated by means of Hamilton's principle. The existence and effect of dead loads are proven by numerical calculations based on the Galerkin method. In addition, a closed-form solution for simply supported plates is proposed by solving, in approximate terms, the governing equation that includes the effect of dead loads, and this solution is then examined. The effect of dead loads on static live loads can be explained explicitly by means of this closed-form solution. A method that reflects the effects of dead loads on live loads is presented as an example. The present study investigates an additional factor in lightweight roof structural elements, which should be considered due to their recent development.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.371-384
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• 2023

Precast roofing systems employing prestressed elements often serve as smart structural solutions for the construction of industrial buildings. The precast concrete elements usually employed are highly engineered, and often consist in thin-walled members, characterised by a complex behaviour in fire. The present study was carried out after a fire event damaged a precast industrial building made with prestressed beam and roof elements, and non-prestressed curved barrel vault elements interposed in between the spaced roof elements. As a consequence of the exposure to the fire, the main elements were found standing, although some locally damaged and distorted, and the local collapse of few curved barrel vault elements was observed in one edge row only. In order to understand and interpret the observed structural performance of the roof system under fire, a full fire safety engineering process was carried out according to the following steps: (a) realistic temperature-time curves acting on the structural elements were simulated through computational fluid dynamics, (b) temperature distribution within the concrete elements was obtained with non-linear thermal analysis in variable regime, (c) strength and deformation of the concrete elements were checked with non-linear thermal-mechanical analysis. The analysis of the results allowed to identify the causes of the local collapses occurred, attributable to the distortion caused by temperature to the elements causing loss of support in early fire stage rather than to the material strength reduction due to the progressive exposure of the elements to fire. Finally, practical hints are provided to avoid such a phenomenon to occur when designing similar structures.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.535-546
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• 2019

The paper presents a closed-form analytical solution for the ultimate strength of sandwich panels with metal faces and an elastic isotropic core during combined in-plane compression and lateral pressure under clamped boundary condition. By using the principle of minimum potential energy, the stress distribution in the faces during uni-axial edge compression and constant lateral pressure was obtained. Then, the ultimate edge compression was derived on the basis that collapse occurs when yield has spread from the mid-length of the sides of the face plates to the center of the convex face plates. The results were validated by nonlinear finite element analysis. Because the solution is analytical and closed-form, it is rapid and efficient and is well-suited for use in practical structural design methods, including repetitive use in structural optimization. The solution applies for any elastic isotropic core material, but the application that stimulated this study was an elastomer-cored steel sandwich panel that had excellent energy absorbing and protective properties against fire, collisions, ballistic projectiles, and explosions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.583-585
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• 1999

대부분의 3차원 모델을 가시화해주기 위한 시스템들은 삼각 메쉬를 기반으로 한 모델 표현법을 사용하고 있다. 이러한 시스템들은 복잡한 3차원 모델을 원격 엑세스할 때에는 모델을 가공하지 않으면 전송 및 랜더링시에 많은 제약이 따른다. 이러한 전송 시간과 랜더링 시간, 저장공간을 줄이기 위해 모델을 간략화하거나 압축하는 많은 기법들이 소개되어져 왔다. 본 논문에서는 메쉬 간략화를 위해 소개되어진 많은 다른 방법에서 사용한 에지 축약(Edge Collapse) 기반의 간략화 알고리즘을 제시한다. 기본적인 접근 방법으로는 기하학적인 메쉬 구성요소들 중에서 에지의 특성에 따라 제거 기준을 설정한 후 간략화해 나간다. 에지 축약을 위한 우선순위와 축약 이후 새로운 정점의 위치는 원본 모델을 참조하지 않고 간략화 단계의 모델에서 삼각형의 연결성(connectivity)과 정점의 위치만을 이용하여 계산하였다. 실제 이 방법은 방대한 다각형 메쉬를 간략화할 경우 메모리를 효율적으로 이용할 수 있으며, 처리 속도를 개선할 수 있다. 또한, 간략화이후에도 원본 모델의 위상(topology)을 유지할 수 있는 기법을 제시하고 있다. 세가지 모델에 대한 실험 결과에서 기하학적 에러(geometric error)를 최소화하였고, Heckbert가 제안한 방법(QSlim V2.0)과의 비교에서는 처리 속도가 개선되었다.