• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.194-201
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• 2017

This study investigates the factors that affect China's air pollution using city-level panel data and spatial econometric models. We address three air pollutants ($PM_{10}$, $SO_2$, and $NO_2$) present in 30 cities in China between 2004-2012 using global OLS and spatial models. To develop the spatial econometric analysis, we create a spatial weights matrix to define spatial patterns based on two neighborhood criteria - the queen contiguity and k nearest neighbors. The results show that the estimated coefficients are relatively consistent across different spatial weight criteria. The OLS models indicate that the effect of green spaces is statistically significant in decreasing the concentrations of all air pollutants. In the $PM_{10}$ and $SO_2$ analyses, the OLS models find that the number of buses and population density are also positively related to a reduction in the concentration of air pollutants. In addition, an increase in the temperature and the presence of secondary industries increase $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ concentrations, respectively. All spatial models capture a positive and significant effect of green spaces on reducing the concentration of each air pollutant. Our results suggest that green spaces in cities should receive priority consideration in local planning aimed at sustainable development. Furthermore, policymakers need to be able to discern the differences among pollutants when establishing environmental policies.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 1985

In this paper, Bayesian analysiss of the general linear econometric model is carried out by using a multinomal prior for the vector of unknown regression coefficents and a half-normal prior for the standard deviation of the disturbances.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.313-331
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• 2017

This paper exhibits the concept of Triple Helix model to explain and link university-industry-government (Triple Helix) connections to national innovation systems theory. The driver of this paper is to test the dynamics of Triple Helix concept under national innovation system in the Association of South East Asian Countries (ASEAN)-5 economies. Panel econometric analysis with cross-sectional dependence (CD) test is applied to investigate the relationship amongst Triple Helix variables. The empirical analysis employs innovation indicators of five founding ASEAN countries namely Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, the Philippines and Thailand for the period of 2000-2015 from an existing WDI and WCY database. Econometric results support the two research questions of this study; firstly, there is a significant relationship between innovation outcome and its key drivers under Triple Helix context of National Innovation System in ASEAN-5 economies; secondly, the extent of the relationship among government R&D expenditure with high-tech productions are positive and significant while new ideas coming from universities as scientific publications and high-tech production have positive relationship but not significant yet in ASEAN-5 countries. Overall labor productivity is positive and significant with innovation outcomes in ASEAN-5.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2019

Purpose - As the market economy deepens, the issue of social equity caused by income distribution becomes more and more significant. Therefore, this paper attempts to exploit the determinants of income distribution in terms of macroeconomics. Research design, data, and methodology - The data set from 1990 to 2017 will be used to conduct an empirical analysis under a menu of econometric approaches such as vector autoregressive model and impulse response function. The income distribution and other macroeconomic variables such as foreign direct investment and employment will be used to conduct an empirical analysis to explore the determinants of income distribution in terms of macroeconomics. Results - The findings indicate that the income distribution is related with macroeconomics. More specifically, the export, import, GDP and foreign direct investment play a role in deteriorating the income distribution. Conversely, the industrialization, inflation and employment can improve the income distribution. Unfortunately, the inflation and employment do not get through under 5% significant test. Conclusions - Due to that a good income distribution can be beneficial for both a country and an individual, this paper provides a new scope for China's government to improve its income distribution in terms of macroeconomics.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2018

Purpose - With the improvement of people's living standards, traveling abroad has become a common way for people to release the pressure of life and work. In economics, this kind of way can affect the international trade. Because of this background, this paper sets BRICS countries as an example to explore the impact of cross-border tourism on bilateral trade. Research design, data, and Methodology - The annual time series data sets form 1998 to 2016 are used to perform an empirical analysis under a series of econometric approaches such as the Phillips-Perron test and the Engle-Granger two-step test. In this paper, the cross-border tourism and the bilateral trade will be used to conduct an empirical analysis based on the econometric approaches to analyze the impact of cross-border tourism on bilateral trade. Results - The finding of this paper show that there is a long-run relationship between cross-border tourism and bilateral trade in this sample. Moreover, the cross-border tourism is the Granger causality of bilateral trade. Namely, the cross-border tourism can promote the development of bilateral trade. Conclusions - In short, the evidences that this paper presents show that the cross-border tourism is a driving factor that impacts the bilateral trade in the sample of BRICS countries.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.339-351
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study is to estimate empirically whether there is a difference in medical use among income groups, and if so, how much. This study applies econometric model to the most recent year of Korean Medical Panel, 2015. The model consists of outpatient service and inpatient service models. Methods: The probit model is applied to the model which indicate whether or not the medical care has been used. Two step estimation method using maximum likelihood estimation is applied to the models of outpatient visits, hospital days, and outpatient and inpatient out-of-pocket cost models, with disconnected selection problems. Results: The results show that there was the inequality favorable to the low income group in medical care use. However, after controlling basic medical needs, there were no inequities among income groups in the outpatient visit model and the model of probability of inpatient service use. However, there were inequities favorable to the upper income groups in the models of probability of outpatient service use and outpatient out-of-pocket cost and the models of the number of length of stay and inpatient out-of-pocket cost. In particular, it shows clearly how the difference in outpatient service and inpatient service utilizations by income groups when basic medical needs are controlled. Conclusion: This means that the income contributes significantly to the degree of inequality in outpatient and inpatient care services. Therefore, the existence of medical care use difference under the same medical needs among income groups is a problem in terms of equity of medical care use, so great efforts should be made to establish policies to improve equity among income groups.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.430-446
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• 2018

In this paper, we conducted a comparative study on the methodology for impact analysis as the economic grounds for formulating policy and investment plan concerned with utilizing spectrum resource. In order to provide numerical results for objective comparison and selection among policy and investment planning, methods to be analyzed are focused on quantitative methodology based on mathematical models, consequently the utility and limits of econometric model, input-output analysis, computable general equilibrium and system dynamics are compared from various viewpoints including analysis cost. Besides, we compared the methodologies in the standpoint of utilizing spectrum and discussed the recent findings of mixed models combining multiple methodologies to exploit the advantages of each methodology and to offset the limit. Results of the research can be used as reference indicators to select the method that conforms to the purpose and priority of analysis verifying the efficiency of execution of policies and investment plans.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.69-94
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• 2017

This paper re-examines the impacts an institutional arrangement may have on labour market outcomes such as the employment and unemployment rates. Based on the results from a generalized econometric model, the generosity of unemployment insurance benefits, organized labour and active labour market policy have effects on a labour market in line with previous findings. However, taxes on labour and the degree of employment protection are found to affect neither the employment rate nor the unemployment rate. Thus, some findings in this paper validate earlier findings, whereas others do not.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

In this paper, we analyze the relationship between implementation of information technology and inventory turnover as a measure of operational efficiency. We build a regression model including a dummy variable that indicates whether a firm has been nominated for being good at implementing information technology. By using publicly available data, we have conducted an extensive empirical analysis and found that firms' using information technology is not likely to affect inventory turnover significantly. This result implies that we have to take careful consideration in adapting information technology.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.141-174
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• 2011

This paper presents the results of a meta-regression analysis on econometric evidence concerning the relationship between public funding of R&D and private R&D expenditure by reviewing literature and synthesizing existing results. The analysis on the effects of public financing on private investments in R&D has been the object of numerous studies, none of which having arrived at definite conclusion. A meta-analysis based upon a data-base including all relevant studies was carried out to examine whether the characteristics of the applied analysis influence the results. Three different empirical results are presented.