• 환경생물
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2015

본 연구는 습지보호지역인 장도습지에 대한 식생의 다양성과 공간적 분포 특성 파악을 통해 습지의 보전 및 복원 방안 마련의 기초자료 제공을 위해 이루어졌다. 종조성을 기반으로 하는 Z.-M. 학파의 식물사회학적 연구 방법에 의한 식생 조사 및 버드나무의 매목 조사, 좌표결정법에 의한 식물군락과 환경요소들 간의 관계 규명이 이루어졌다. 총 88종으로 이루어진 7개의 식물군락이 분류되었으며 습생식생과 건생식생으로 대분류되었다. 식물군락의 공간적 분포는 일차적으로 토양 수분조건에 의해 결정되고, 이차적으로 유기물 양에 의해 결정되는 것으로 드러났다. 습지식생 면적은 $7,337m^2$로서 습지보호지역의 약 8%이며, 습지보호지역 이외의 공간에도 분포하고 있어 보호지역 경계 재조정 필요성이 제기되었다. 버드나무의 분포 확산은 1990년대 이후 휴경과 가축 방목이 통제 되면서 습지 가장자리부터 중앙부로 확장된 것으로 드러났다. 이상의 연구 결과들을 토대로 보호지역 보전 및 복원 방안이 제시되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to establish implications for forest restoration planning in North Korea by analyzing spatio-temporal forest changes and detecting bio-physical factors driving forest degraded. We measured the relationship and spatial distribution between shifting cultivation and sparse forest. We also analyzed between degraded forest land and ecological variables by binary logistic regression to find biophysical drivers of forest degradation and deforestation in North Korea. Between the sparse forest and the shifting cultivation, a positive relationship is found (r=0.91) and scattered discontinuously throughout the country (Moran's I = -1, Z score = -13.46 (p=0.000)). The sparse forest showed a negative relationship with the warmest month(bio 9), the coldest month(bio10), and the minimum of soil water contents (swc_min), while the shifting cultivation had a negative relationship with the warmest month(bio 9) and the minimum of soil water contents(swc_min). However, the most critical drivers convert forests into sloping farmland were the three months rainfall in summer(bio8) and the yearly mean of soil water contents. Such results reflect the growth period of crops which overlaps with the rainy season in North Korea and the recent land reclamation of uplands where the soil water contents are maintained with a dense forest. When South Korea aids forest restoration projects in North Korea, in consideration of food shortage due to North Korea's cropland deficiency, terrace farmlands where soil water contents can be maintained should be excluded from the priority restoration area. In addition, an evaluation method for selecting a potential restoration area must be modified and applied based on multiple criteria including altitude and socio-economic factors in the respective regions.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.241-249
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• 1994

참나무속 식물 6종류의 잎의 확산저항, 기공밀도, 공변세포의 길이 및 털의 밀도를 측정하여 건조스트레스에 대한 이 식물들의 전략을 주성분분석법으로 분석하였다. 상수리나무, 갈참나무 및 졸참나무의 잎의 확산저항은 다른 3종보다 높은 Ψleaf 또는 낮은 WSD에서 빠르게 상승함으로써 수분 스트레스를 회피하였다. 그러나, 신갈나무와 떡갈나무는 낮은 Ψleaf, 낮은 기공밀도, 작은 기공 크기 및 높은 털밀도로 수분스트레스를 회피하였다. 그러나 신갈나무와 떡갈나무는 낮은 Ψleaf에서 기공 확산저항의 상승을 보였다. 건조스트레스에 대한 조정능과 관련된 15변수의 주성분분석에서 참나무속 식물은 2그룹, 즉 건성생육지종인 굴참나무, 신갈나무 및 떡갈나무와 중성생육지종인 상수리 나무, 갈참나무 및 졸참나무로 구별되었고, 건성생육지종인 굴참나무는 높은 털밀도, 낮은 기공밀도 및 높은 LAR에서 신갈나무 및 떡갈나무와 다시 구별되었다. 이 결과는 자연생육지에서 참나무속 식물의 건조에 대한 전략을 잘 설명하고 있다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2011

Black-billed magpies (Pica pica) are a highly sedentary species due to their short and round wings, which are not adequate for long distance flights. We investigated geographic variation in the vocal signals of magpies residing in South Korea and Japan (subspecies sericea). Based on the magpie's limited dispersal ability, we predicted that the variation in vocal signals of black-billed magpies could be explained by geographic barriers such as mountain ranges and straits. We analyzed four-syllable chatter calls of magpies from five localities in South Korea, which are separated by mountain ranges (Seoul, Daejeon, Daegu, Gwangju, and Busan), and two island localities separated from the mainland by straits (Jeju in Korea and Saga in Japan). We found significant differences in the characteristics of magpie chatter calls recorded in the seven localities, and the variation pattern was independent among the variables. Mainland-island differentiation and north-south differentiation were observed. In general, magpies on Saga were the most distinctive. North-south differentiation was observed among the Korean mainland localities. However, the pattern was not related to the presence of putative geographic barriers. We hypothesize that the patterns of geographic variation in the structure of magpie chatter calls residing in South Korea might have been shaped by a sudden expansion of magpies followed by low level of local isolation, which may have led to vocal differentiation. Along with elucidating the vocal environment of Korean magpie populations, more extensive sampling is needed to clarify the functional aspects of geographic variation in the vocal signals of Korean magpies.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

Phenological variables derived from remote sensing are useful in determining the seasonal cycles of ecosystems in a changing climate. Satellite remote sensing imagery is useful for the spatial continuous monitoring of vegetation phenology across broad regions; however, its applications are substantially constrained by atmospheric disturbances such as clouds, dusts, and aerosols. By way of contrast, a tower-based ground remote sensing approach at the canopy level can provide continuous information on canopy phenology at finer spatial and temporal scales, regardless of atmospheric conditions. In this study, a tower-based ground remote sensing system, called the "Phenological Eyes Network (PEN)", which was installed at the Gwangneung Deciduous KoFlux (GDK) flux tower site in Korea was introduced, and daily phenological progressions at the canopy level were assessed using ratios of red, green, and blue (RGB) spectral reflectances obtained by the PEN system. The PEN system at the GDK site consists of an automatic-capturing digital fisheye camera and a hemi-spherical spectroradiometer, and monitors stand canopy phenology on an hourly basis. RGB data analyses conducted between late March and early December in 2009 revealed that the 2G_RB (i.e., 2G - R - B) index was lower than the G/R (i.e., G divided by R) index during the off-growing season, owing to the effects of surface reflectance, including soil and snow effects. The results of comparisons between the daily PEN-obtained RGB ratios and daily moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS)-driven vegetation indices demonstrate that ground remote sensing data, including the PEN data, can help to improve cloud-contaminated satellite remote sensing imagery.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.223-237
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• 2006

This study explores how well parents and their children recognize the social attitudes of one another. Mothers, fathers and youths were asked to state their own opinion on various social issues then predict their children's, fathers' and mothers' responses(attributed attitudes). Empirical evaluation of the possible socialization consequences of actual versus attributed attitudes leads to a series of hypotheses. The data were collected from single students at a university in Seoul and their parents. Included in the seven social attitude were sexuality, educational, economic, political, ecological, religious and family issues. Analysis of the responses 98-110 triads, each consisting a mother, a father and a young adult child showed that both mothers and fathers were limited in their ability to gauge the attitudes of their children. Guided by attribution theory, this study tested several hypothesized relationships between the actual response of mother, the actual response of the father, the perceived response of the mother, the perceived response of the father and the actual response of the child. The theoretical model was tested with AMOS 5.0, utilizing path analysis, which is a form of structural equation modeling with manifest variables. Overall model fit was assessed by examining GFI, NFI, TLI, CFI and RMR. Results of the data analysis can be summarized as follows. First, the children perceived their mothers and fathers to be highly similar in their opinions and the actual responses of the mothers and the fathers were considerably correlated. Second, the fathers' responses whether attributed or actual were more predictive than the mothers' responses to their children's opinions. The alternative model suggests considerable support for the attribution theory. Indeed, within a family, the actual opinions of parents appear to have little direct bearing on the child's orientations, except when the actual orientations are perceived and reinterpreted by the children. It is not what parents think, but what their children think they think that predicts their offsprings' attitudes.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.27-42
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• 1992

IN urban areas, public outdoor recreation opportunities are limited, traditional funding sources are being eraded, and crowding as well as ecological damage appear inevitable, these developments may require new analysis on the prospective policy of park, with the evaluation of the trend of amenity resources and recreation values, 16 parks were taken as informants in Deagu city area, the data for this research were collected 2,942 samples by the on-site-interview. The abstracted results of amenity elements were revealed as institutions and resource types, the attraction of resources was about twice as much as that of institutions. The resources is to be classified into two items ; national resources and human resources. The former is about five times as mcuh atractive as the latter. The attraction of natural resources consists in the atmospheric factors(35%), the biological factors(28%), the topographical factors(19%), and the scenery factors(18%). While, the attraction of human resources consists in the cultural factors(54%), the social factors(46%). The attraction of the base institutions is very low. The attraction of the static institution is three times as much as that of that of the dynamic institution. The above tendency is a general trend in Daegu city. But when we are taking into consideration in datail, we find that there is great difference among the green tract of land of the park. When the amenity resources of one's destination was used for the value of recreation, the pattern of attraction variables as a physical characteristics could explain 58%. Based on those result, this study is a small but important guidence for decision makings concerning to the allocation of scarce amenity resources.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.426-432
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• 2019

이 연구에서는 한국 서남부 농촌 경관 내에서 농경지로 고립되어 있는 숲과 연속되어 있는 산림 속 숲에 서식하는 나방의 종 다양성 양상이 10년 동안 어떻게 변화했는가를 알아보았다. 농경지 주변 숲 경관에서 나방 다양성은 과거와 현재 종수는 다소 늘어났지만 개체수는 줄어들었고 산림 숲에서 출현한 나방은 과거에 비해 현재 종수와 개체수 모두 증가하였지만 두 지역 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 나방 개체수 증감에 날개편 길이를 이용한 나방 크기를 살펴본 결과 농경지 주변 숲에서는 관련이 있었지만 산림 숲 지역에서는 관련이 나타나지 않았다. 농경지 숲과 산림지 숲 간의 시간적 공간적 분석결과 서식지 유형과 시간에 따라 나방 군집에서 차이가 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 추후 이러한 나방 군집 변화가 나방 크기 이외 다른 생태학적 요인과 영향을 받는지 그리고 장기적으로 어떻게 변화가 이루어지는지 살펴볼 필요가 있다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to draw out objective bases for selecting various applicable facilities in case of the establishment of rainwater management strategies. To do so, sixteen facilities were selected from decentralized rainwater management systems that induce rainwater infiltration and detention as well as centralized end-of-pipe type infiltration and detention facilities in local areas. With these facilities, it attempted to evaluate them in terms of sustainability, pollutant elimination, flood control capacity and costs and subsequently analyzed correlations between each characteristic. The outcomes of the analysis were as follows: First was the analysis of characteristics between decentralized rainwater management systems and end-of-pipe rainwater management systems. From the decentralized rainwater management systems, the mulden-rigolen system and grass swale at street level had the highest in the total of the four items while the totals of the underground detention tank and temporary detention site were highest in end-of-pipe rainwater management systems. After analyzing the correlation between different types of facilities and each variable, it can be said that decentralized rainwater management systems have a higher correlation than end-of-pipe rainwater management systems in terms of sustainability whereas the latter are better in flood control capacity than the former. Second, the analysis of correlation in variables of each facility is as follows: first, there is a negative correlation between sustainability value and flood control capacity value; and there is a positive correlation between flood control capability and pollutants elimination. In addition, it revealed that the higher the flood control and pollutant elimination capability the higher the facility costs. Based on these assessments, it is possible to use them as objective selection criteria for facility application in case of site development project or complex plan.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2009

To act and respond to the climate changes and to bring about power-saving in buildings, the changes in the atmospheric data in Korea are recorded and assessed. For the two regions representative of Korea, the data obtained from HadCM3 and actual data are compared and analyzed so as to concretely evaluate and confirm the changes taking place in the cooling and heating degree days in Korea. For the past 40 years, from 1996 to 2005, the number of heating degree days was on the decline and in the two representative regions, between 1980's and 1990's, the number of decrease in the heating degree days had been quite large. The number of cooling degree days showed a trend of increase since the 1970's and just as in the case of heating degree days, the extent of increase was quite large between the 1980's and the 1990's. The results of comparison of the number of heating and cooling degree days, one obtained from the "Korea Meteorological Administration" and another from the HadCM3 data (E127.5,N37.5,E127.5,N35), which is one of the ways of predicting the climate, showed similar trends in the number of heating degree days in the Yeosu area. However, in the case of the number of heating degree days in Seoul and the number of cooling degree days both in Seoul and Yeosu, the differences in the number ranged from a minimum of 300 days to a maximum of 1500 days. This could be attributed to the grid points used in the HadCM3, the differences in the values of latitudes and longitudes of these two locations considered in this study, topographical differences, heat island effect caused by population density etc. and while using the HadCM3, these variables factors must be taken into consideration.