• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Purpose : Delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of both trascutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) Micro current(MC) and only normal Therapy on Delyed Onset Muscle Soreness(DOMS). Method : The Methods ten untrained and male volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) a group that received TENS (60Hz) MC($60{\mu}A$, 3pps) a control group that received no MC treatment. Subjects performed repeated eccentric exercise of the non-dominant forearm flexor muscle with submaximal intensity by the simply designed eccentric exercise devices. Treatments were applied after 24hours and 48hours. Subjects attended on two consecutive days for treatment and measurement of paining(visual analogue scale: VAS) and CK(Creatine kinase) on a daily basis. Measurements were taken after treatment. Results : 1) There were no significant differences between TENS and MENS by two-way repeated ANOVA. The Results that t-test for VAS revealed significant differences within TENS group. 3) The t-test for VAS, and Creatine Kinase of time revealed significant differences within MC group. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both TENS and MENS had effect on DOMS.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to provide guideline of muscle strengthening exercise for preparing ambulation by presenting suitable ratio of muscle power of agonist & antagonist, and that of concentric & eccentric contraction on behalf of amputee's normal ambulation training and it's strenthening as well. 7 Subjects who have femur amputee for experimental group were able to ambulate naturally without inconvenience and 20 adult subjects of comparison group for comparison were considered to be free from disturbance of ambulation. The method of study was to measure the muscle power of hip pint, was to figure out the ratio of agonist & antagonist, concentric contraction & eccentric contraction, and was to find out mean and standard deviation of each measurement. Every numerical value of comparison was tested by Mann-whitney and comparison group's comparison between left & right value was done with t-test. Results are as followings : 1) Extension force was stronger than flexor force and had no remarkable difference(p<0.05) 2) For normal adults, adduction farce was stronger than abduction force and for amputees, abduction force was stronger while adduction force was the same as the normal without showing remarkable difference(p<0.05) According the result above, I make an assumption that maintaining a proper ratio of muscle power on strengthening exercise for amputee's ambulation training & rehabilitation and finally bring out an improvement of transfer and ambulation.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2009

본 연구는 Thera-Band를 이용해 단축성 수축과 신장성 수축이 혼합된 저항운동을 실시하는 것이 단축성 수축 저항 운동만을 실시하는 것보다 근력증진에 더 효과적인지를 알아보고자 하는 논문이다. 연구대상자는 부산광역시 소재 S 대학교에 재학 중인 학생 30명 이었으며, 30명을 무작위로 단축성 수축과 신장성 수축 운동군, 단축성 수축 운동군, 무운동군으로 나누어 4주 동안 운동을 실시하였다. 근력 측정은 등속성 운동기기인 CON-TERX를 이용하였으며, 각속도는 $60^{\circ}$/sec, $120^{\circ}$/sec이었다. 4주 운동 후, 단축성 수축과 신장성 수축 운동군의 경우 각속도 $60^{\circ}$/sec에서 단축성과 신장성 최대 토크와 최대 파워, 각속도 $120^{\circ}$/sec에서 단축성 최대 파워가 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 반면 단축성 수축 운동군은 각속도는 $60^{\circ}$/sec와 $120^{\circ}$/sec의 최대 파워에서만 유의한 증가가 있었다. 반면 무운동군은 변화가 없었다. 따라서 Thera-Band를 이용해 단축성 수축과 신장성 수축이 혼합된 운동을 실시하는 것이 단축성 수축 운동만을 실시하는 것보다 근력증진에 더 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2024

Purpose: This study was conducted to verify the effect of applying a pressure biofeedback unit on walking ability and knee joint function while performing knee joint extensor strengthening exercises using resistance exercise equipment in total knee replacement (TKR) patients. Methods: This study was conducted on twelve patients receiving rehabilitation treatment after being admitted to a rehabilitation hospital post-TKR. Of these, six were allocated to a feedback group with a pressure biofeedback unit, and the other 6 were allocated to a control group without a pressure biofeedback unit. The subjects performed an exercise program for 45 minutes per session, five times a week, for two weeks. Walking ability and knee joint function were evaluated and analyzed before and after exercise. Results: The feedback group showed significantly better improvements in walking speed, gait cycle, step length on the non-operation side, time on the foot on the operation side, K-WOMAC stiffness, and K-WOMAC function than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: When strengthening the knee joint extensor muscles using resistance exercise equipment in TKR patients, the provision of a pressure biofeedback unit was found to improve walking ability and knee joint function by inducing concentric-eccentric contraction of the knee joint extensor muscles. Therefore, the study shows that exercise based on the provision of a pressure biofeedback unit should be considered when strengthening knee joint extensor muscles to improve the walking ability and knee joint function of TKR patients in clinical practice.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.469-476
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of kinesio taping on the delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS). Methods Fourteen healthy subjects were randomly divided into two groups; experimental group(n=7) and control group(n=7). All subjets performed eccentric exercise of knee extensor until exhausted. After 24 hours experimental group was taped with kinesio tape to the quadriceps muscle and control group was not applied. To compare with the effectiveness of kinesio taping between two groups, I measured DOMS with pain(VAS) and temperature(DITI). The data were analyzed by Independence T-test. Results: The Experimental group was not significantly different the body temperature and pain than Control group at 24 hours after exercise without taping. The Experimental group was more decreased pain and temperature than Control group at 24 hours after exercise with taping. The Experimental group was more decreased pain than Control group at 48 hours after exercise. The Experimental group was more decreased pain and temperature than Control group at 72 hours after exercise. Conclusion: Experimental group more rapidly recovered temperature and more rapidly decreased pain after apply taping than control group.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2023

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the effects of a diagonal exercise pattern on selective activation of the upper extremity muscles using both normalization and isolation methods. Methods: In total, 17 asymptomatic subjects participated in this study. During the two diagonal patterns of exercise (diagonals 1 and 2), muscular activities of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), anterior deltoid (AD), and infraspinatus (IS) were measured. The collected data were analyzed in two ways, according to the dominance of muscle activities (%Isolation) and according to normalized activities (%MVIC). Results: There were significant differences in LT, SA, AD, and IS between %MVIC and %Isolation (p<0.05), and the diagonal 1 pattern of exercise showed significantly more LT activities compared with the diagonal 2 pattern (p<0.05). Further, except for LT, there were no significant differences in muscle activities between the diagonal 1 and 2 exercises. Conclusion: The present study suggests that a diagonal pattern of exercise is advantageous for strengthening shoulder muscles, but caution is needed when applying to patients requiring selective strengthening. Regarding both the concentric and eccentric phases of exercise, there was no significant difference in muscular activation, except in LT, between the two diagonal patterns of exercises.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.769-780
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• 2015

이 연구는 고령자의 근육수축양식 및 손상정도에 따른 염증물질, 면역적격세포 및 골수유래 전구세포의 변화를 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 최근 6개월간 저항성운동 프로그램을 실시하지 않은 65세 이상의 고령자 20명을 신장성운동 집단(ECC, n=10)과 단축성운동 집단(CON, n=10)으로 분류하였다. 모든 피험자는 팔꿈치 굽힘근의 1차 신장성운동(ECC 1) 및 단축성운동(CON)을 실시하였고, ECC는 4주후에 재차 2차 신장성운동(ECC 2)을 6회 10세트, 세트 사이에 2분의 휴식시간을 적용하여 실시하였다. 골격근손상 지표(ROM, VAS, CK), 염증물질(TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6), 면역적격세포(CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+), 골수유래 전구세포(CD34+) 및 백혈구수는 운동전, 운동 직후, 운동 시기의 2, 24, 48, 72 및 96시간 후에 각각 측정하였다. 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 고령자의 골격근손상 지표(ROM, VAS)는 CON(근육수축양식) 및 ECC 2(손상정도)와 각각 비교해서 ECC 1에서 손상이 크게 증가하였다(p<.05). IL-6 및 TNF-α는 CON 및 ECC 2와 각각 비교해서 ECC 1의 24, 48 및 72시간 후에 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.05). 호중구수는 CON 및 ECC 2와 각각 비교해서 ECC 1의 2시간 후에 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.05). 이 연구에서는 고령자에서도 근육수축양식은 단축성운동보다 신장성운동에서, 또한 손상정도는 2차 신장성운동보다 1차 신장성운동에서 보다 크게 손상이 발생하였다는 사실을 확인하였다. 특히 IL-6와 TNF-α 및 호중구수는 근손상 정도와 밀접한 관련성이 있다는 것이 시사되었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of warm-up and cool-down exercises on pain and muscle activation of delayed onset muscle soreness after intense exercise. Delayed onset muscle soreness was caused by the eccentric exercise in the elbow flexor muscle of the non-dominant upper limb. Forty-four subjects volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: warm-up and cool-down group, only warm-up group, only cool-down group, or control group with no intervention. The level of perceived pain using the visual analogue scale and electromyographic activation change in maximal voluntary isometric contraction were measured 4 times at the following times: 10 min, 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr after the exercise. The results revealed the main effect between the groups and interaction effect between the group and measurement session (p<.05). The warm-up and cool-down group showed most favorable results with respect to reduced perceived pain level and increased muscle strength in most measurement sessions, and the only warm-up group showed significantly more decreased pain level than the control group at 24 hr and 48 hr and more increased muscle activation than the cool-down group at 48 hr (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences in pain level and muscle activation between the only cool-down group and control group at all measurement sessions (p>.05). The findings suggest that the warm-up exercise performed before an intense exercise had beneficial effects on the symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness, whereas cool-down exercise performed after the intense exercise did not.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.678-683
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• 2016

The study aim was to investigate a comparison of muscle activity fatigue between maximal and submaximal strength gains during the bench press in men. It was hypothesized that maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) would similar gains between maximal and submaximal strength gains during the bench press, but median frequency (MDF) would increase in maximal compared with submaximal exercise. Employing a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design, 12 men were asked to perform maximal repetitions and submaximal repetitions (concentric: 1-s, eccentric: 1-s, 2-s/repetition) to failure with a load of 85% of 1RM for the bench press, with a 3-minute recovery between the sets. Each subject was tested for the number of repetitions and sets, total work in bench press. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the pectoralis major, deltoid anterior, and triceps brachii for %MVC and MDF. Total work was significantly higher in the submaximal repetition exercise than that the maximal repetition exercise (p<.05). Muscle fatigue of pectoralis major, deltoid anterior and triceps brachii were significantly smaller in the submaximnal repetition exercise than that the maximal repetition exercise (p<.05, respectively). However, muscle activity of pectoralis major, deltoid anterior, and triceps brachii were not significantly different between exercises. Our study showed that a smaller muscle fatigue in submaximal repetitions, despite higher in total work and a similar in muscle activity were observed. These results suggest that submaximal repetitions during the bench press would be enhanced intensity and/or volume compared with maximal repetitions exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of unilateral muscle fatigue in knee and ankle joints on balance and gait in healthy adults. Methods: Exercise inducing muscle fatigue in the knee joint consisted of concentric and eccentric contraction of dominant knee extensors in healthy adults by using the Leg Extension Rehap exercise machine (HUR, Finland). Exercise inducing muscle fatigue in the ankle joint was composed of voluntary contractions and forced contractions of the dominant plantar flexors in healthy adults. Exercises to induce muscle fatigue in the knee and ankle joints were performed until the subject complained of fatigue or pain, the occurrence of muscle fatigue was confirmed by electromyography. We measured static and dynamic balance using the Good Balance system and gait performance by RS-scan. Results: Static and dynamic balance ability and spatial-temporal gait decreased significantly after muscle fatigue in knee and ankle joint. Conclusion: These results show that unilateral muscle fatigue of the lower extremities affected postural control and gait. Therefore, therapists and sport trainers should minimize the risks of fall and injuries related to unilateral muscle fatigue.