• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2002

기존의 비틀림 설계법은 구조 벽체의 강성은 강도에 무관하게 결정된다는 기본 가정하에 강성을 설계 변수로 비대칭 벽식 구조의 비틀림 효과를 최소화 하기 위한 각 부재의 강도를 결정한다. 이와는 달리 최근의 연구에 의하면 구조 벽체의 강성과 강도는 상호 연관성을 갖는 것으로 알려졌다. 이 경우 벽체의 실제 강성은 비틀림설계를 모두 마친 후에야 결정되므로 강성에 기초하여 비틀림 설계를 수행한다는 것은 모순이다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 논문은 강성이 아닌 변형에 기초한 비대칭 벽식 구조의 비틀림 설계법을 제안한다. 기존의 비틀림 설계법은 탄성 비틀림 응답과 반응수정계수를 이용하여 비탄성 응답에 대한 설계 하중을 간접적으로 계산하지만 변형에 기초한 비틀림 설계법은 변위와 비틀림 회전각을 설계 변수로 비탄성 응답에 대한 설계 하중을 직접적으로 계산한다. 기존의 비틀림 설계법이 비틀림 효과를 최소화하는 것을 목적으로 하는 데 비하여, 변형에 기초한 비틀림 설계법은 내진역량설계법의 기본 개념에 의거하여 설계자가 의도한 비틀림 미케니즘을 발휘하는 데 그 목적을 둔다. 변위와 회전각은 비대칭 구조의 성능수준을 직접적으로 나타내는 성능 지표이므로 본 설계법은 성능기초 내진설계에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2009

최근의 근단층지반운동인 Northridge 지진(1994, 미국), Kobe 지진(1995, 일본), Izmit 지진(1990, 터키)은 큰 수직성분의 영향으로 건축물 및 교량에 심각한 손상을 주었다. 일반적인 건축구조물의 내진설계에서 지진하중의 수직성분을 고려하여 설계하는 경우는 드물다. 본 연구에서는 지진하중의 수직성분 영향의 고려 유무에 따른 예제구조물의 기둥부재의 축력의 변화와 부재 단부의 소성힌지회전각을 산정하여 시스템의 손상상태를 평가하여 보았다. 해석결과 축력의 증가는 기둥부재의 손상에 의한 전체 구조시스템의 story collapse mechanism의 가능성을 주게 되므로 근단층지반운동이 예상되는 부분에서는 지진하중의 수직성분에 대한 영향을 고려하여야할 것으로 판단된다.

• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.61-77
• /
• 2016

Seismic performance of structures depends on the force flow mechanism inside the structure. Discontinuity regions, like beam-column joints, are often affected during earthquake event due to the complex and discontinuous load paths. The evaluation of shear strength and identification of failure mode of the joint region are helpful to (i) define the strength hierarchy of the beam-column sub-assemblage, (ii) quantify the influence of different parameters on the behaviour of beam-column joint and, (iii) develop suitable and adequate strengthening scheme for the joints, if required, to obtain the desired strength hierarchy. In view of this, it is very important to estimate the joint shear strength and identify the failure modes of the joint region as it is the most critical part in any beam-column sub-assemblage. One of the most effective models is softened strut and tie model which was developed by incorporating force equilibrium, strain compatibility and constitutive laws of cracked reinforced concrete. In this study, softened strut and tie model, which incorporates force equilibrium equations, compatibility conditions and material constitutive relation of the cracked concrete, are used to simulate the shear strength behaviour and to identify failure mechanisms of the beam-column joints. The observations of the present study will be helpful to arrive at the design strategy of the joints to ensure the desired failure mechanism and strength hierarchy to achieve sustainability of structural systems under seismic loading.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.341-347
• /
• 2006

2001년부터 2005년까지 한반도 남서부에서 발생한 7개 미소지진에 대한 진원 기구해를 분석하였다. 진원 기구해를 구하기 위하여 P파 초동극성과 SH/P 진폭비 자료를 이용한 격자탐색을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 대부분의 지진들이 일부 역단층 성분을 포함하는 주향이동 단층 운동과 관계된 것으로 해석된다. 전체적으로 한반도 남서부 지역의 지진원에서 단층 운동을 일으키는 주 압축 응력 방향은 ENE-WSW 또는 NE-SW 방향인 것으로 해석되며, 이 결과는 남한 내의 주요 지진에 대하여 알려진 주 응력장의 방향과 유사하다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.51-66
• /
• 2022

The article presents the results of finite element analyses carried out on skirted footings. The bearing capacity increases with the provision of the flexible and rigid skirt, but the effectiveness varies with various other factors. The skirts are more efficient in the case of cohesionless soils than cohesive and c-ϕ soils. Efficiency reduces with an increase in the soil strength and footing depth. The rigid skirt is relatively more efficient compared to the flexible skirt. In contrast, to the flexible skirt, the efficiency of the rigid skirt increases continuously with skirt length. The difference in the effectiveness of both skirts becomes more noticeable with an increase in the strength parameters, skirt length, and footing depth. The failure mechanism also changes significantly with the inclusion of a rigid skirt. The rigid skirt behaves as a solid embedded footing, and the failure mechanism becomes confined with an increase in the skirt length. Few small-scale laboratory tests were carried out to study the flexible and rigid skirt and verify the numerical study results. The numerical analysis results are further used to develop nonlinear equations to predict the enhancement in bearing capacity with the provision of the rigid and flexible skirts.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.191-199
• /
• 2016

Piloti-type building is one of typical vertical atypical buildings. These buildings can fail by weak-story or flexible-story mechanism on the first story. They should be designed by taking into account the special seismic load, but those less than six stories are not required to confirm the seismic performance from structural engineers in Korea. For this reason, small-size pilloti-type RC buildings need to be checked for seismic performance. Based on this background, this study performed nonlinear dynamic analysis using the PERFORM-3D for small-size pilloti-type RC buildings and assessed their seismic performance. Examples are two through four story buildings with and without walls in the first story. The walls and columns in the first story satisfied the target performance in the basic of flexural behavior due to quite a large size and reinforcement. However, wall shear demands exceed shear strength in some buildings. When designed for KBC2009, wall shear strength exceed shear demand in some buildings, but still does not in others. Consequently, wall shear must be carefully checked in both existing and new small-size pilloti-type RC buildings.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.325-343
• /
• 2018

This study aims to propose a performance-based design method of a novel passive base isolation system, BIO isolation system, which is inspired by an energy dissipation mechanism called 'sacrificial bonds and hidden length'. Fragility functions utilized in this study are derived, indicating the probability that a component, element, or system will be damaged as a function of a single predictive demand parameter. Based on PEER framework methodology for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE), a systematic design procedure using performance and fragility objectives is presented. Base displacement, superstructure absolute acceleration and story drift ratio are selected as engineering demand parameters. The new design method is then performed on a general two degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure model and the optimal design under different seismic intensities is obtained through numerical analysis. Seismic performances of the biologically inspired (BIO) isolation system are compared with that of the linear isolation system. To further demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this method, the BIO isolation system of a 4-storey reinforced concrete building is designed and investigated. The newly designed BIO isolators effectively decrease the superstructure responses and base displacement under selected earthquake excitations, showing good seismic performance.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제60권1호
• /
• pp.51-69
• /
• 2016

A large number of welded steel moment-resisting framed (SMRF) structures failed due to brittle fracture induced by ductile fracture at beam-to-column connections during 1994 Northridge earthquake and 1995 Kobe (Hyogoken-Nanbu) earthquake. Extensive research efforts have been devoted to clarifying the mechanism of the observed failures and corresponding countermeasures to ensure more ductile design of welded SMRF structures, while limited research on the failure analysis of the ductile cracking was conducted due to lack of computational capacity and proper theoretical models. As the first step to solve this complicated problem, this paper aims to establish a straightforward procedure to simulate ductile cracking of welded joints under monotonic tension. There are two difficulties in achieving the aim of this study, including measurement of true stress-true strain data and ductile fracture parameters of different subzones in a welded joint, such as weld deposit, heat affected zone and the boundary between the two. Butt joints are employed in this study for their simple configuration. Both experimental and numerical studies on two types of butt joints are conducted. The validity of the proposed procedure is proved by comparison between the experimental and numerical results.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.1187-1221
• /
• 2014

The uplifting and rocking of slender, free-standing structures when subjected to ground shaking may limit appreciably the seismic moments and shears that develop at their base. This high-performance seismic behavior is inherent in the design of ancient temples with emblematic peristyles that consist of slender, free-standing columns which support freely heavy epistyles together with the even heavier frieze atop. While the ample seismic performance of rocking isolation has been documented with the through-the-centuries survival of several free-standing ancient temples; and careful post-earthquake observations in Japan during the 1940's suggested that the increasing size of slender free-standing tombstones enhances their seismic stability; it was George Housner who 50 years ago elucidated a size-frequency scale effect that explained the "counter intuitive" seismic stability of tall, slender rocking structures. Housner's 1963 seminal paper marks the beginning of a series of systematic studies on the dynamic response and stability of rocking structures which gradually led to the development of rocking isolation-an attractive practical alternative for the seismic protection of tall, slender structures. This paper builds upon selected contributions published during this last half-century in an effort to bring forward the major advances together with the unique advantages of rocking isolation. The paper concludes that the concept of rocking isolation by intentionally designing a hinging mechanism that its seismic resistance originates primarily from the mobilization of the rotational inertia of its members is a unique seismic protection strategy for large, slender structures not just at the limit-state but also at the operational state.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.297-312
• /
• 2020

The KiK-net by NIED is a vertical array measurement system. In the database of KiK-net, singular pulse waves were observed in the seismic record at the borehole of TTRH02 during the mainshock (the magnitude of Japan Meteorological Agency (M_J) 7.3, M_W 6.8) and aftershock (M_j 4.2) of Tottori-ken Seibu earthquake in 2000. Singular pulse waves were also detected in the seismic records at the borehole of IWTH25 during the Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake in 2008 (M_J 7.2, M_W 6.9). These pulse waves are investigated by using the wave shape analysis methods, e.g., the non-stationary Fourier spectra and the double integrated displacement profiles. Two types of vibration modes are discriminated as the occurrence mechanism of the singular pulse waves. One corresponds to the reversal points in the displacement profile with the amplitude from 10^-4 m to 10^-1 m, which is mainly related to the fault activity and the amplification pass including the mechanical amplification (collision) of the seismograph in the casing pipe. The other is the cyclic pulse waves in the interval of reversal points, which is estimated as the backlash of the seismograph itself with the amplitude from 10^-5 m to 10^-4 m.