• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.663-672
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• 2014

최근, 모듈러 구조 시스템은 공기를 단축시킬 수 있는 장점으로 인해 건설 현장에 적용되고 있다. 모듈러 구조시스템은 단위 모듈로 구성되며, 모듈과 모듈의 볼트접합을 위해 보-기둥 접합부에 개구부를 가공하게 된다. 일반적으로 모듈러 구조시스템은 기존 철골모멘트골조와 유사한 하중전달체계를 가지는 것으로 가정하여 설계된다. 이와 같은 설계 가정의 타당성을 확보하기 위해, 단위 모듈의 보-기둥 접합부에 대한 회전 성능이 파악되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 개구부의 구조적 영향이 고려된 접합부의 회전성능을 파악하기 위해 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과 단위모듈은 충분한 변형능력을 가지고 안정적인 이력거동을 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 단위모듈의 접합부는 부분강접 접합부로 분류되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 단위 모듈의 비선형 골조 해석을 위한 간단한 스프링 모델을 개발하였으며, 단위 모듈의 비선형 이력 거동을 구현하기 위해 Ramberg-Osgood 이력 모델을 제시하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.1017-1044
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the random vibration characteristic of train-slab track-bridge interaction system subjected to both track irregularities and earthquakes by use of pseudo-excitation method (PEM). Each vehicle subsystem was modeled by multibody dynamics. A three-dimensional rail-slab- girder-pier finite element model was created to simulate slab track and bridge subsystem. The equations of motion for the entire system were established based on the constraint condition of no jump between wheel and rail. The random load vectors of equations of motion were formulated by transforming track irregularities and seismic accelerations into a series of deterministic pseudo-excitations according to their respective power spectral density (PSD) functions by means of PEM. The time-dependent PSDs of random vibration responses of the system were obtained by step-by-step integration method, and the corresponding extreme values were estimated based on the first-passage failure criterion. As a case study, an ICE3 high-speed train passing a fifteen-span simply supported girder bridge simultaneously excited by track irregularities and earthquakes is presented. The evaluated extreme values and the PSD characteristic of the random vibration responses of bridge and train are analyzed, and the influences of train speed and track irregularities (without earthquakes) on the random vibration characteristic of bridge and train are discussed.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.577-587
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• 2018

The quantitative assessment of the seismic collapse risk of a structure requires the usage of an optimal intensity measure (IM) which can adequately characterise the severity of the ground motion. Research suggests that the average spectral acceleration ($Sa_{avg}$) may be an efficient and sufficient alternate IM as compared to the more traditional first mode spectral acceleration, $Sa(T_1)$, particularly during seismic collapse risk estimation. This study primarily presents a comparative evaluation of the sufficiency of the average spectral acceleration with respect to ground motion duration, and secondarily assesses the impact of ground motion duration on collapse risk estimation. By assembling a suite of 100 historical ground motions, incremental dynamic analysis of 60 different inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDF) oscillators with varying periods and ductility capacities were analysed, and collapse risk estimates obtained. Linear regression models are used to comparatively quantify the sufficiency of $Sa_{avg}$ and $Sa(T_1)$ using four significant duration metrics. Results suggests that an improved sufficiency may exist for $Sa_{avg}$ when the period of the SDF system increases, particularly beyond 0.5, as compare to $Sa(T_1)$. In reference to the ground motion duration measures, results indicated that the sufficiency of $Sa_{avg}$ is more sensitive to significant duration definitions that consider almost the full wave train of an accelerogram ($SD_{a5-95}$ and $SD_{v5-95}$). In order to obtain a reduced variability of the collapse risk estimate, the 5-95% significant duration metric defined using the Arias integral ($SD_{a5-95}$) should be used for seismic collapse risk estimation in conjunction with $Sa_{avg}$.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.429-442
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• 2017

Dry bridges have been widely applied in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway (QTR) to minimize the thermal disturbance of engineering to the permafrost. However, because the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an area with a high potential occurrence of earthquakes, seismic action can easily destroy the dry bridges. Therefore, a three-dimensional numerical model, with consideration of the soil-pile interactions, is established to investigate the thermal characteristics and their impact on the seismic response of the dry bridge in permafrost region along the QTR. The numerical results indicate that there exist significant differences in the lateral displacement, shear force, and bending moment of the piles in different thermal conditions under seismic action. When the active layer become from unfrozen to frozen state, the maximum displacement of the bridge pile reduces, and the locations of the zero and peak values of the shear force and bending moment also change. It is found that although the higher stiffness of frozen soil confines the lateral displacement of the pile, compared with unfrozen soil, it has an adverse effect on the earthquake energy dissipation capacity.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.717-725
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• 2018

One of the most important design criteria in military tunnels and armoured doors is to resist the blast loads with minimum structural weight. This can be achieved by using steel sandwich panels. In this paper, the nonlinear behaviour of steel sandwich panels, with different core materials: (1) Hollow (no core material); (2) Rigid Polyurethane Foam (RPF); and (3) Vulcanized Rubber (VR) under free air blast loads, was investigated using detailed 3D nonlinear finite element models in Ansys Autodyn. The accuracy of the finite element model proposed was verified using available experimental test data of a similar steel sandwich panel tested. The results show the developed finite element model can be reliably used to simulate the nonlinear behaviour of the steel sandwich panels under free air blast loads. The verified finite element model was used to examine the different parameters of the steel sandwich panel with different core materials. The result shows that the sandwich panel with RPF core material is more efficient than the VR sandwich panel followed by the Hollow sandwich panels. The average maximum displacement of RPF sandwich panel under different ranges of TNT charge (1 kg to 10 kg at a standoff distance of 1 m) is 49% and 53% less than the VR and Hollow sandwich panels, respectively. Detailed empirical design equations were provided to quantify the maximum deformation of the steel sandwich panels with different core materials and core thickness under a different range of blast loads. The developed equations can be used as a guide for engineer to design steel sandwich panels with RPF and VR core material under a different range of free air blast loads.

• 지구물리
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.155-168
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• 1999

한반도 동남부에 위치한 양산단층대에 대한 고지진학적 연구가 역사지진 자료, 변위지형에 대한 항공사진 판독, 트렌치 굴삭 조사를 통하여 종합적으로 시도되었다. 역사시대에 발생한 피해지진들의 진앙분포는 제4기 후기 이후 활동한 양산단층이나 울산단층이 역사지진의 지진원 단층일 가능성을 나타내 주고 있다. 제4기 단층운동과 연관된 지형적인 증거는 양산단층대 북부에서는 유계리, 토성리-냉수리 일대, 남부에서는 언양-통도사 구간의 단층선을 따라 선명하게 나타난다. 양산 주단층대에는 뚜렷한 단층비지대가 나타나며 단층대 부근에는 NNE-SSW 방향의 선구조선이 우세하게 분포한다. 양산단층대 북부 유계리에서는 약 3 m 두께의 저위단구면이 역단층 운동에 의한 단층변위를 나타낸다. 양산단층대 남부 언양일대에서는 제4기 후기 고위지형면 형성 후 5∼12 m 정도 동측상승의 수직변위를 동반하되 주향이동이 우세한 단층운동이 트렌치 굴삭과 지형분석을 통해 나타난다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.753-760
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 정밀 3차원 수치해석모델을 이용하여 수직하중(받침설계하중)과 수평하중(지진시 발생되는 수평력)을 적용하여 교량받침 교체시 보자리의 구조적 안전성에 대한 검토를 수행하였다. 기존 콘크리트와 교량받침 교체로 인해 새로 타설된 콘크리트의 응력 및 용접된 철근에 발생하는 응력 및 변위 결과를 수치해석적으로 확인하였다. 수치해석결과, 수평력 및 보자리 높이 증가는 신구콘크리트 경계면의 발생응력의 증가에 따른 콘크리트 균열(파괴) 및 내부 철근연결부의 응력증가를 초래하는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 보자리 높이 증가는 수평력의 크기와 직접적인 상관관계가 있으며 받침 용량에 적합한 보자리 높이 적용이 필요할 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서는 보자리에 작용하는 수평력의 크기와 보자리 높이와의 상관관계를 변수로한 받침교체공사 가이드라인을 도표로 제시하여 교량받침 용량에 적합한 보자리 높이 설정 및 보강유무를 결정하는 방안을 제시하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

The coastline influenced naturally and artificially changes dynamically. While the long-term change is influenced by the rise in the surface of the sea and the changes in water level of the rivers, the short-term change is influenced by the tide, earthquake and storm. Also, man-made thoughtless development such as construction of embankment and reclaimed land not considering erosion and deformation of coast has been causes for breaking functions of coast and damages on natural environment. In order to manage coastal environment and resources effectively, In this study is intended to analyze and predict erosion in coastal environment and changes in sedimentation quantitatively by detecting changes in coastal line from data collection for satellite images and aerial LiDAR data. The coastal line in 2007 and 2012 was extracted by manufacturing Digital Surface Model (DSM) with Aviation LiDAR materials. For the coastal line in 2009 and 2010, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method was used to extract the KOMPSAT-2 image selected after considering tide level and wave height. The change rate of the coastal line is varied in line with the forms of the observation target but most of topography shows a tendency of being eroded as time goes by. Compared to the relatively monotonous beach of Taean, the gravel and rock has very complex form. Therefore, there are more errors in extraction of coastlines and the combination of transect and shoreline, which affect overall changes. Thus, we think the correction of the anomalies caused by these properties is required in the future research.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2010

기존의 보강토 옹벽의 연구는 보강토 옹벽의 내적 외적파괴에 중점이 되어 연구가 이루어져 왔고 외부 충격에 관한 연구는 지진에 관한 것이 전부인 것이 현실이다. 도로의 발달로 인해서 도로 주변의 보강토 옹벽에 차량의 충돌 같은 외부 충격을 받는 경우가 늘어나고 있다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 신뢰도를 인정받고 있는 범용 유한요소 프로그램인 LS-DYNA를 사용하여 도로 주변 보강토 옹벽을 모델링하였고, NCAC에서 제공하는 8톤 중량의 Ford single unit truck을 이용하여 차량속도에 따른 보강토 옹벽의 거동 양상을 분석하였다. 그리고 향후 도로 주변에 시공되어지는 보강토 옹벽의 충돌에 관한 안정성을 확보하기 위해서 하단에 중력식 옹벽을 적용하였고 또한 높이를(0.5m, 1.0m, 1.5m) 변화시켜가면서 수치해석을 수행하여 보강토 옹벽의 거동을 분석하고 보강토 옹벽의 안정성을 확인 하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제12권3_4호
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• pp.363-379
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• 2013

Dynamic displacement of structures is an important index for in-service structural condition and behavior assessment, but accurate measurement of structural displacement for large-scale civil structures such as long-span bridges still remains as a challenging task. In this paper, a vision-based dynamic displacement measurement system with the use of digital image processing technology is developed, which is featured by its distinctive characteristics in non-contact, long-distance, and high-precision structural displacement measurement. The hardware of this system is mainly composed of a high-resolution industrial CCD (charge-coupled-device) digital camera and an extended-range zoom lens. Through continuously tracing and identifying a target on the structure, the structural displacement is derived through cross-correlation analysis between the predefined pattern and the captured digital images with the aid of a pattern matching algorithm. To validate the developed system, MTS tests of sinusoidal motions under different vibration frequencies and amplitudes and shaking table tests with different excitations (the El-Centro earthquake wave and a sinusoidal motion) are carried out. Additionally, in-situ verification experiments are performed to measure the mid-span vertical displacement of the suspension Tsing Ma Bridge in the operational condition and the cable-stayed Stonecutters Bridge during loading tests. The obtained results show that the developed system exhibits an excellent capability in real-time measurement of structural displacement and can serve as a good complement to the traditional sensors.