• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1950-1956
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• 2005

An analysis has been carried out to investigate the effect of the reflectivity on the temperature distribution of a glass panel by infrared radiant heating. Halogen lamps are used to heat the panel, located near the top and bottom of the rectangular chamber. The thermal energy is transferred from the lamps to the panel only by radiation and it is considered by using view factor. The conductive transfer is limited inside the panel. The results show that the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the panel is improved and, at the same time, the time for heating increases as the wall reflectivity increases. The temperature difference between the center and the corner reaches a maximum in the early stage of the heating process and then decreases until it reaches a uniform steady-state value.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.183-190
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• 2010

According to the historical documents and paintings in many civilizations, rocks that fell from the sky fascinated humans as the message from the God or supernaturals. Scientific progress allows humans to recognize these exciting extraterrestrial objects as meteorites. Meteorites contain a wealth of pivotal information regarding formation of the early Solar System. Meteorites also provide broader scientific insights on, for example, the origin of life, interplanetary transfer of life forms, massive depletion of biosphere on Earth, and evolution of lithosphere on Earth-like planetary bodies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1719-1727
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• 2014

In the present study, whispovirus immediate early 1 promoter (ie-1) was used to initiate surface expression of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of Egyptian H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) by using the baculovirus expression vector system. The HA gene and whispovirus ie-1 promoter sequence were synthesized as a fused expression cassette (ie1-HA) and successfully cloned into the pFastBac-1 transfer vector. The recombinant vector was transformed into DH10Bac competent cells, and the recombinant bacmid was generated via site-specific transposition. The recombinant bacmid was used for transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) insect cells to construct the recombinant baculovirus and to induce expression of the HA protein of H5N1 AIV. The recombinant glycoprotein expressed in Sf-9 cells showed hemadsorption activity. Hemagglutination activity was also detected in both extra- and intracellular recombinant HAs. Both the HA and hemadsorption activities were inhibited by reference polyclonal anti-H5 sera. Significant expression of the recombinant protein was observed on the surface of infected insect cells by using immunofluorescence. SDS-PAGE analysis of the expressed protein revealed the presence of a visually distinguishable band of ~63 kDa in size, which was absent in the non-infected cell control. Western blot analysis confirmed that the distinct 63 kDa band corresponded to the recombinant HA glycoprotein of H5N1 AIV. This study reports the successful expression of the HA protein of H5N1 AIV. The expressed protein was displayed on the plasma membrane of infected insect cells under the control of whispovirus ie-1 promoter by using the baculovirus expression vector system.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1559-1570
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• 2013

The family of ISO/IEEE11073 standards is the basis of the e-health system and provides interoperability for personal health devices. In the early stage of e-health business, it was expected that people would use a health device individually. In this case, a measurement datum was episodically acquired and generally transmitted for one person at a time. Recently, a health device is expected to be used by multiple people, and large amounts of measurement data are gathered in a short time interval. In addition, mobile health devices have become more popular, so that energy efficient measurement data transmission is required, to prolong the use of a device. In IEEE11073 PHD standards, data transmission is classified into three different types: immediate individual transfer, small block transfer, and large block transfer. The large block transfer using PM-store concept provides efficient transmission. However, an existing PM-store has problem when a device is used by multiple people. To address the defined problem, a modified PM-segment that is in compliance with 11073 standards is proposed in this paper. In particular, the proposed PM-segment is designed to minimize the additional complexity of an agent instead of a manager and it is interoperable with the existing manager. The proposed PM-segment shows better performance than the existing PM-segment, in terms of memory requirements and expected queue time. Also, performance comparison among the three transfers is performed in regard to the delay time and communication power consumption points of view.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2006

Among several movements that occurred upon a slope, golf swing is the most typical one because environmental conditions dynamically vary with many kinds of slopes. Some studies on the golf swing were performed about a weight transfer on flatland, however, there couldn't be seen any study about the weight transfer on slope elsewhere. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide quantified data to objectively test the coaching words and keys about the weight transfer at sidehill slope during goal impact EspeciaIly sidehill Slopes with ball above the feet. Four highschool golfer, who have average handy 5, were recruited for this study. Plantar pressure distribution and cinematographic data were collected during golf swing in the conditions of flatland, $5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$sidehill slope simultaneously. The two data were used to synchronize the two data later. The plantar regions under the foot were divided into 8 regions according to the directly applied pressure pattern of the subject to insole sensor. The 8 foot regions were hullux, medial forefoot, central forefoot, lateral forefoot, medial midfoot, lateral midfoot, medial heel, and lateral heel. And the plantar pressure data was also divided into four movement address, phases-backswing. downswing, and follow-through phases according to the percentage shown to the visual information of film data. Based on the investigations on public golf books and experiences of golfers, it was hypothesized by the authors in the early of this study that the steeper slopes are, the more weight loads on left foot that positions at the higher place. When observing the results of plantar pressure and vertical force curves according to the sidehill slope conditions, the hypothesis could be accepted.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.20-20
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• 2001

It has been reported that cloning cattle is inefficient. One of the problems was placental abnormality, finally resulting in fetal mortality after transfer of nuclear transfer (NT) bovine embryos. This study was focused on the allocations of embryonic cells to the inner cell mass (ICM) or to the trophectoderm(TE) in NT bovine blastocysts. Somatic cells were derived from a Day 45 fetus of gestation, individually transferred into enucleated oocytes and developed to the blastocyst stage in vitro. Differential staining was used to assess the qualify of blastocysts derived from NT, IVF and in vivo. Development rate of NT embryos to blastocysts (25.0%, 41/164) was similar to that of IVF embryos (28.7%, 49/171). The total cell number of NT blastocysts (101.3$\pm$45.9) was not different compared with that of IVF embryos (107.9$\pm$34.2, P>0.05), but was lower than in vivo embryos (122.5$\pm$21.6, P<0.05). Ratio of ICM/total cells was higher in NT embryos (51.6$\pm$ 18.6%) than in IVF and in vivo embryos (42.3$\pm$ 15.3% and 34.9$\pm$8.9%, respectively) (P<0.05). Most IVF (56.8%, 25/44) and in vivo blastocysts(80.8%, 21/26) was distributed in the proportion of ICM/total cells ranging from 20 to 40% group. However, most NT blastocysts was biased in the 40-60%(34.1%, 15/44) and >60% (31.8%, 14/44) groups. Our findings suggest that placental abnormalities or early fetal losses in the present cloning system may be due to aberrant allocation of NT embryos to the ICM cells.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2015

This paper presents numerical results of static structural stability analysis in development of a vertical transfer device of a PRT(Personal Rapid Transit) vehicle. The vertical transfer of a fully occupied vehicle operating on a road network is the first attempt, which is expected to contribute to overcome the limitations of conventional 2-dimensional operation mode. In particular, the vertical transfer apparatus designed based on vertical circulating conveyors is capable of continuous transfer without time delay so that it enables to accommodate a high traffic density. This system has been frequently used in a logistics field; however, it is essential to assess a structural integrity because an external force by a vehicle weight is exerted on the conveyors in the form of a concentrated load unlike a conventional logistic transport. In this study, prior to the production process, the structural performance of the pilot design in an early stage is numerically evaluated using the commercial finite element method (FEM) solver (i.e., $Ansys^{(R)}$).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.1412-1421
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• 2002

To examine the feasibility of using a sperm vector system for gene transfer, we have investigated the binding and the uptaking of foreign DNA into the sperm nucleus by PCR, in situ hybridization and LSC. We have also examined the transportation of exogenous DNA into oocytes by immunofluorescene via PCR. Sperm cells were incubated with DNA/liposome complexes (1:4 ratio) in fertilization medium with BSA or without BSA. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the transfection rate of sperm cells with and without BSA was 41 and 68% respectively, when the cells were treated with liposome/DNA complexes and 13% for DNA alone. LSC analysis showed that the binding of exogenous DNA was greatly reduced by DNase I treatment which digests DNA bound onto spermatozoa, suggesting that some of the DNA was internalized into the sperm membrane. To find out whether transfected DNA was internalized into sperm intracytomembrane, sperm DNA was amplified by inverse PCR. No PCR products were detected from sperm cells, indicating that the foreign DNA was simply bound onto the sperm membrane. To investigate transfer rates of exogenous DNA into oocytes via sperm cells, we used immunofluorescene method to follow the distribution of foreign DNA via spermatozoa: a few exogenous DNA was located in the cytoplasm of early embryos (13/60, 21.7% for DNA+/liposome+/BSA) and was not located in the pronucleus and/or nucleus. These results suggest that most of the transfected sperm cells could carry the foreign DNA into the egg by in vitro fertilization, but that the transferred DNA is degraded in the developing embryos without stable integration into the zygote genome. Therefore, we have directly injected with transfected sperm cell into oocyte cytoplasm and observed that some of the exogenous DNA was detected in preimplantation embryonic cytoplasm and expressed at preimplantation stages, suggesting that exogenous DNA in early zygote has their integrity. In this study, we have not identified a noble mechanism that interfering transportation of foreign DNA into zygote genome via spermatozoa. Our data, however, demonstrated that inverse PCR and immunofluorescene methods would be used as a new tool for follow-up of gene distribution in oocyte via sperm cells.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

An engine cooling system affects overall performances of an engine which has been recently requested higher power in more confined engine room. The design of efficient cooling system demands a great effort to effectively correlate with each components, such as water jacket, radiator, coolant pump, cooling fan, etc. Thus, the aim of this study is to provide the design tool of the cooling system in the early design stage by enabling for the designer to accurately predict the engine cooling performances. This user-friendly design tool has various ways to assemble each components and control the running condition with related database. The present design tool was simulated and compared with experimental data. As a result, the inlet and outlet temperature of the radiator agree very well with experiments. It was concluded that the present design tool could be effectively used for the design of the engine cooling system.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.375-381
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• 2022

Safety accidents are of concern during construction projects, even given the recent innovations in digital technologies. These projects remain focused on overcoming specific and limited applications on construction sites. For this reason, the development of an inclusive safety management system has become crucial. This study aims to build a Big Data platform to inform decisions on how to proactively eliminate worker hazards on construction sites. The platform consists of about 100,000 real records and a real-time monitored database featuring various safety indices, such as workers' altitudes, heart rates, and fatigability during construction, which are determined through various wearable devices. The data types are customized and integrated by a research team in accordance with the characteristics of a specific project using hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). The results can be helpful as efficient tools to ensure successful safety management in complex construction situations. This study is expected to provide three significant contributions to the field, including real-time fatigability analysis and tracking of workers on-site; providing early GPS-based warnings to workers who might be accessing dangerous spaces or places; and monitoring the workers' health indices, based on details from 100,000 cases.