• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.208-215
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• 2023

Background: Dental caries in preschool children can cause early loss of teeth, reduced masticatory function, malocclusion, and speech disorders, making oral care for preschool children essential. However, because children have a poor ability to perform oral hygiene by themselves, educational tools that help establish correct oral health behaviors are required. This study evaluated the effect of toothbrushing application for kids on dental plaque removal and toothbrushing interest in preschool children. Methods: Seven 5-year-old children enrolled in a daycare center participated in the evaluation, and the same children participated in the experiment twice a week. The Pokémon Smile application (App) was used as an auxiliary application for tooth brushing, and the degree of dental plaque removal on the tooth surface was evaluated by quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital imaging. After the experiment, children's toothbrushing preferences were investigated through interviews. Results: The levels of AREA R30 and AREA R70 measured after the children's toothbrushing as usual decreased compared to those before toothbrushing; however, the change was not significant. The levels of AREA R30 and AREA R70 measured after using the Pokémon Smile App were significantly reduced compared to those before toothbrushing. Children's interest in brushing their teeth increased by 28.59% after using the Pokémon Smile App. Conclusion: The toothbrushing application for kids effectively removes dental plaque by helping preschool children brush their teeth. It also increased preschool children's interest in tooth brushing. Therefore, an oral health education application would be useful for children who need to develop correct oral care methods and habits.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.613-622
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride varnish on prevention of enamel demineralization. Eighty bovine enamel blocks were divided randomly into 4 groups of 20 specimens: Group I served as the control with no topical application of fluoride. Group II was treated with APF gel for 4 minutes. Group III was treated with Fluor $Protector^{(R)}$. Group IVV was treated with $CavityShield^{TM}$. After 24 hours of treatment, samples were brushed with a soft bristled tooth brush to stimulate normal mechanical wear of varnish. Early caries lesions were produced by placing each specimen into demineralization solution at pH 4.0 for 48 hours. Then the optical density of the lesions was measured by light fluorescence induced by plasma light and the surface microhardness were measured by the vicker's hardness test. The results were as follows: 1. The optical densities of group III, IV were significantly higher than that of group II, but no significant difference was noted between group III and IV. 2. The surface microhardness of group IV was the highest, followed by group III, II, and I(p<0.05). 3. There were no significant differences between group III and IV in optical density. However, the surface microhardness of group IV was significantly higher than that of group III. The results of present study indicate that the fluoride varnish is more effective than APF gel for prevention of dental caries.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.670-684
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• 2009

Objectives : This research analyzed the general characteristics that closely affect the children's dental health and the mothers' dental health knowledge and dental health behavior to identify the correlation of the latter with the status of children's dental health in order to provide the basic data for the development of dental health business that would target children. Methods : Research subjects were selected arbitrarily from three nursery schools located in Busan metropolitan city, targeting 186 children between the ages of four to six and their mothers. The children were subjected to dental Inspection, and the status of their dental caries was studied whereas the mothers were subjected to the surveys on the general characteristics, dental health knowledge and dental health behavior. Results : 1. Level of mothers' dental health knowledge is higher when the mothers' educational level is higher(p=0.02) and when the household's monthly income is higher(p=0.009). 2. When the level of mothers' dental health knowledge is higher, children tended to brush their toothbrushing using proper method(p=0.025). Moreover, when the level of mothers' dental health knowledge is higher, they tended to take their children to dental clinic mostly for preventive measures than for treating cavity(p=0.023). 3. When the level of mothers' dental health knowledge is higher, children's dmft index was significantly low(p=0.02). When the mothers use fluoride-containing toothpaste, children's children' dmft index was even lower(p=0.02). 4. As the children tended to brush their teeth more often, dmft index was lower(p=0.003). When the reason that the children visited dental clinic was more to prevent, than to treat cavity, dmft index was even lower(p=0.000) Conclusions : When the above mentioned results are summarized, it is possible to know that the mothers' dental health knowledge and dental health behavior significantly affect children's dental health. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop maternal and child dental health program that factors in both the mothers and children in order to prevent children's dental caries and to increase their dental health, and continued care is required to discover and treat dental caries early on.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.893-907
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the related factors of dental caries and periodontal disease in adolescents from Korean multicultural families, thereby helping to reduce the prevalence rate of oral disease. Methods: The subjects were 710 multicultural adolescents recruited using a web-based survey, National 2015 Korean Youth Risk Behavior, from the Korean Center for Disease Control. A multicultural family was defined in this study as one having an immigrant mother or father. Oral symptoms included dental caries and periodontal disease. Toothache was defined as a symptom of dental caries. Tender or bleeding gums were defined as symptom of periodontal disease. For statistical analysis, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21.0 for Windows was used. Descriptive analysis and a Chi-square test were conducted to determine the factors associated with general characteristics, health behavior, and oral health behavior. Finally, to investigate the associations among oral disease symptoms, logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Toothache was significantly higher in female 1.52 (95% CI; 1.45-1.60), high school 1.23 (95% CI; 1.18-1.28), women school 1.10 (95% CI; 1.05-1.16), individuals with poor economic status 1.45 (95% CI; 1.30-1.52), and participants who consumed alcohol 1.32 (95% CI; 1.27-1.37). Toothache related to perceived health status was significantly lower in the healthy group 0.69 (95% CI; 0.64-0.75), and was higher in usual stress group 1.65 (95% CI; 1.57-1.74). Gum bleeding was significantly higher in female 1.32 (95% CI; 1.27-1.37), high school 1.15 (95% CI; 1.10-1.19), and individuals with poor economic status 1.38 (95% CI; 1.27-1.50). Gum bleeding related to perceived health status was significantly lower in the healthy group 0.68 (95% CI; 0.63-0.74), and was higher in usual stress group 1.54 (95% CI; 1.46-1.62). Conclusions: Taking into account of social and economic levels, and dietary habits in the multicultural families adolescents, further education and support will be needed for oral disease prevention and early treatment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.831-842
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to reveal the biological basis of dental plaque and preschool children's dental health status through repetitive and continuous toothbrushing instruction to preschool children, using quantitative criteria, and to emphasize the importance of the role of an oral health manager for the prevention of dental caries. Methods: After IRB approval, toothbrushing instruction and oral microbial specimen collection were conducted with children of preschool age at the Daycare Center attached to D. University, Busan. Specimens from 27 children were characterized by analysis with real-time multi-chain enzymatic polymerization reaction technique at an agency specializing in genetic analysis. Results: In a survey of the children's dental health behaviors, 48.1% responded that the toothbrushing time is 91 to 150 seconds; 66.7% responded that the frequency of toothbrushing is more than three times per day; 81.5% stated that they performed tongue brushing; and 81.5% brushed their teeth. Regarding levels of dental cariogenic bacteria, after children received continuous toothbrushing instruction, there were reductions in both Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Regarding toothbrushing time, the time increased in relation to the presence of instruction. Regarding Quigley Hein Index, the index decreased in the early and middle periods upon addition of instruction, then increased in the middle and later periods. Conclusions: Through persistent and repetitive toothbrushing instruction, healthy behavior can be positively established in children of preschool age; it is necessary to prepare institutional measures so opportunities for dental health education can be consistently provided and maintained. In the future, it will be necessary to conduct a follow-up study to verify the factors affecting toothbrushing time and volume of oral pathogens.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.459-468
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• 2012

This study surveyed and analyzed on the relationship between obesity and oral health in early child hood and on the oral health realities targeting 90 young children at K Child Care Center where is located in Gangwon-do Province from 10 to 11, June, 2011. As a result, DMF rate accounted for 56.7%. D rate accounted for 42.2%. The young children with the higher age, height in 100~110cm, and weight in 25 kg were indicated to be higher in DF rate than other toddlers. The young children with height in 110~115 cm were indicated to be higher in prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth than other young children. It was indicated that the young children in the higher age and weight leads to the higher in DFT index and DFS index. It was indicated that the young children in the more overweight leads to the higher in the index of dental caries in primary teeth, the filling deciduous teeth index, DFT index, DMFS, and DFS index. Accordingly, the child care center needs to systematically perform the oral health education and oral health management for young children, to allow Young children to acquire right food habit, and to pay close attention even to selecting snack.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.119-131
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• 2008

This study was peformed in order to find out the relationship between the causing factors and the production of each gas 01 oral malodor, to contribute the oral malodor control at dental clinic as well as to establish the effective application of malodor control project for public oral health program 127 patients from 20 to 40 years old who had been visited for preventive dental cares were participated for the study. Such items as caries status, periodontal status, salivary flow, viscosity, pH. Snyder test, plaque deposit and tongue plaque were checked through the oral examination in order to find out the contributing factors Hydrogen sulfide, Methyl mercaptan, Di-methyl sulfide and Ammonia gas components were checked with Oral-Chroma and Attain, the oral malodor check units. Not only the corelation coefficiencies but also the multi-way variance analysis were calculated between each causing factor and each component of oral malodor gases to estimate the contributing factors of the oral malodor. 1. There was no relationship between the caries status and each component pf the oral malodor such as sulfur compound or Ammonia, both in laboratory test and VAS test (pF0.05). It revealed negative relationship between Hydrogen sulfide and FT(rM-0.1904. pE0.05) as well as the VAS and FT (rM-0.210. pE0.05). S0, it was estimated that the less oral malador was recognized when caries state changed to filled state in Hydrogen sulfide laboratory test or VAS test 2. High relationship was showed between salivary flow and Hydrogen sulfide (rM-0.183, pM0.039), Methyl mercaptan(rM-0.234, p-0.008). Dimethyl sulfide(rM-0.234, pM0.008) and Ammonia(-0.361. pM0.001) gas(pE0.05). 3. There was a high relationship between M-PHP(Modified-Patient Hygiene Performance Index) and tong plaque all kinds of sulfide(rM0.249. pM0.005). Ammonia gas component(rM0.232, pM0.009). 4. It was found that considerable relationship was appeared between the periodontal status and Ammonia gas (rM0.274, pM0.002), so, it should be needed to control Ammonia. Such dental Cares as the prevention or early treatment of periodontal disease and the accelerating the salivary flow as well as reducing the amounts and activities of filament or spiral typed oral micro-organism were recommended for adults, not only for dental care program at the dental clinics but also for public health programs, in order to promote the oral health and quality of file for individual and community peoples.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to look into the perception, experience, treatment of early childhood caries (ECC) and influential factors of perception in order to provide basic data useful for preventing the ECC by examining the relationship between oral health of young children in infancy and mother. In this study, 277 mothers were surveyed who had children in children under 6 years old and visiting the pediatrics, day care center, and pediatric dental clinics located in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do from July 10, 2013 to September 5 of the same year. The results obtained from the survey were analyzed through chi-square test, t-test, and binary logistic regression analysis by using the SPSS 18.0, a statistical program. The results of analysis showed that ECC in children under 6 years old was associated with mother's age, education background of mothers, number of children and monthly income and had a significant correlation with mother's oral health-related knowledge and oral health care of their children. Thus, it would be necessary to develop oral health education programs and implement such oral health education programs at a national level on a regular basis for the mothers of young children in infancy and would-be mothers in order to reduce the ECC in infancy and promote oral health.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2007

Dental caries is the most common disease in the oral cavity However, the mechanism and treatment of dental caries is not completely understood since many complex factors are involved. Especially the effect of pH on remineralization of early stage of dental caries is still controversial In this study, dental caries in dentin was induced by using lactic acidulated buffering solutions and the loss or inorganic substance was measured. Also decalcified specimens were remineralized by three groups of solution with different pH (group of pH 4.3, 5.0, and 5.5). Then, the amount and the area of inorganic substance precipitation was quantitatively analyzed with microradiograph. Also a qualitative comparison of the normal phase the demineralized phase, and the remineralized phase of hydroxyapatite crystal was made under SEM. The results were as follows, 1. In microradiograghic analysis, as the pH increased, the amount of remineralization in decalcified dentin tended to increase significantly As the pH decreaced, deeper decalcification, however, occurred along with remineralization. The group of pH 5.5 had a tendency to be remineralized without demineralization (p<0.05). 2. In SEM view, the remineralization in dentine caries occurred from the hydroxyapatite crystal surface surrounding the mesh of organic matrix, and eventually filled up the demineralized area. 3. 5 days after remineralization, hydroxyapatite crystal grew bigger with deposition of inorganic substance in pH 4.3 and 5.0 group, and the crystal in the remineralized area appeared to return to normal. After 10 days, the crystals in group of pH 4.3 and 5.0, which grew bigger after 5 days of remineralization, turned back to their normal size, but in group of pH 5.5, some crystals were found to double their size. In according to the results of this experiment, the decalcifying and remineralizing process of dentine is neither simple nor independent, but a dynamic process in which decalcification and remineralization occur simultaneously. The remineralization process occurred from the hydroxyapatite crystal surface.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2013

Most of disabled people face hardness in caring their general oral hygiene by themselves. So that, they are once involved in dental caries or periodontal disease, they have much bigger chance of aggressive progress. Therefore preventive dentistry is more important to disabled one than non-disabled. They need to be checked with routine periodic dental examination and by that, oral disease must be found at initial stage. We selected 37 patients from newly visited 237 patients who had dental treatment at the free dental clinic, Gangnam district, Seoul, between 2000 and 2001. This study is a comparative evaluation of first 2 years' treatment records of selected 37 patients (male 28, female 9) with that of their last 2 years. 24 of 37 have mental retardation, 9 have autistic disorder, 2 have auditory disorder, 1 has brain disorder and 1 has crippled disorder. Their dental treatment records categorized by 4 level; score 4 stands for endodontic treatment, score 3 stands for general conservative treatment, score 2 stands for preventive treatment, such as sealant and score 1 stands for routine check. In first 2 years of treatment, average score was 2.85 which score means approximately general conservative treatment. And that of last 2 years was 1.44, which means routine check. In early time of their visit, they will receive the treatment due to their chief complaint. And after that early time, they can have a routine check so that they can be treated before the disease get worse. The patient's oral health can remain decent only by a simple treatment.