• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.362-371
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• 1999

This study was conducted to explore the relationship between locus of control and health belief. the life style of gastric cancer patients. The subjects of this study were 40 of the early gastric cancer and 90 of the advanced gastric cancer who first visiting patient to general surgery out patient department of Chungnam University Hospital for operation. The data was collected with structured questionnaire from July. 1998 to Feb. 1999 The tool were Moon's Health Belief Scale and Multiple Locus of Control of Wallston. Wallston, DeVellis. The data was analysed by SAS program using frequency, $X^2$-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, ANOVA. Scheffe-test, t-test. The results were as follows 1. 30.8% of subjects were early gastric cancer anf 69.2% were advanced gastric cancer. The subject knowing about diagnosis was 83.1%. 16.9% did'nt know about diagnosis. 2. The correlationship between Health belief and Locus of control of subjects was not supported. 3. There was statistically no difference of life style between early and advanced gastric cancer patients. 4. There were statistically significant differences in perceived sensitivity according to weight. educational level. and birth order, in perceived barrier according to educational level. and in perceived severity according to occupation among demographic characteristics of study subjects. From above results. health professional has to educate general population to detect gastric cancer early to improve survival rate because early gastric cancer is high in survival rate, and to prevent recurrence and to maintain continuing healthy status. In the future, gastroscopy also has to expand to detect early. For there was no difference in life style between early and advanced gastric cancer. carcinogen related to diet should be emphasized through education. The perceived benefit among health belief model was not supported in this study therefore further study and comparison between gastric cancer and normal population are needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9277-9281
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate clinicopathological features in patients with recurrent colorectal cancer within 1 year and more than 1 year after curative resection. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 103 patients with disease recurrence before versus after 1 year of resection. Thirty-two patients (31%) were diagnosed with recurrence less than 1 year after curative resection for colorectal cancer (early recurrence) and 71 (69%) after more than 1 year (non-early recurrence). Results: The early recurrence group displayed a significantly lower overall survival rate for both colon cancer (p=0, 01) and rectal cancer (p<0.001). Inadequate lymph node dissection was a significant predictor for early relapse. There were no statistically significant differences in clinicopathological variables such as age, sex, primary tumor localization, stage, depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion between the early and non-early recurrence groups. However, a K-ras mutation subgroup was significantly associated with early recurrence (p<0.001). Conclusions: Poor survival is associated with early recurrence for patients undergoing resection for non-metastatic colorectal cancer, as well as K-ras mutation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.733-738
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• 2013

Background: Breast and cervical cancers are significant causes of mortality and morbidity for Asian women, and poor English-speaking ability is a barrier to cancer prevention practices. Materials and Methods: This project tested relationships among English-speaking ability and early detection practices regarding to breast and cervical cancer among female Chinese immigrants. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was used. Results: 175 female Chinese immigrants completed the survey in the breast cancer prevention section, and 35 of them also completed the cervical cancer prevention section. Some 63% of them had heard about the clinical breast exam (CBE), but only 54% had had a CBE. While 46% of the participants were aware of their need for a Pap smear, only 31% had heard about it and had undergone a pelvic exam. Conclusions: English-speaking ability was strongly associated with immigrant women's knowledge of female cancer early detection. Culturally and linguistic issues should be considered as the first step to access immigrant population in designing future education intervention.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2001

An exceedingly rare case of perforated early gastric cancer is reported. A 68-year-old man developed peritonitis due to perforation of early gastric cancer. An emergency radical operation was performed and was followed by an uneventful recovery. Histologic examination of the surgical specimen showed type III early gastric cancer composed of a signet ring cell carcinoma. Five years after surgery, the patients was alive with no evidence of tumor recurrence. The rarity of this complication in early gastric cancer is discussed, and a review of the literature is presented.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2018

Purpose: Early detection of gastric cancer is important to improve prognosis. Early detection enables local treatment, such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Therefore, we investigated whether early detection of gastric cancer could reduce healthcare costs by comparison according to stage and treatment modalities. Materials and Methods: Medical care costs were investigated according to tumor stage and initial treatment modality in 1,188 patients newly diagnosed with gastric cancer at 7 medical institutions from December 2011 to June 2012. Total medical care costs during the first-year after diagnosis (total first-year costs) were examined, including the costs of initial treatment, post-initial treatment, and inpatient and outpatient visits. Results: Stage I (75.3%) was the most common cancer stage. ESD was the second most common treatment following surgery. Total first-year costs increased significantly from stages I to IV. The costs of initial treatment and post-initial treatment were lowest in patients with stage I cancer. Among patients with stage I cancer, total first-year costs were significantly lower when treated by ESD; in particular, initial ESD treatment costs were much lower than others. Conclusions: The cost of healthcare has increased significantly with increasing cancer stages. ESD can greatly reduce medical care costs of gastric cancer. Thus, early detection of gastric cancer is important to reduce healthcare costs.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-7
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• 2014

Screening and early diagnosis of cancer is important. Screening lead to detect disease earlier, and earlier treatment of disease cause to yield a better outcome than treatment at the onset of symptoms. Some studies suggest that gastric cancer screening may be associated with a reduced risk of mortality from gastric cancer, although there are no definitive data from large controlled trials. Regular colorectal cancer screening or testing is one of the most powerful weapons for preventing colorectal cancer, because some polyps, or growths can be found and removed before they have the chance to turn into cancer. Screening can also result in finding colorectal cancer early, when it is highly curable. In conclusion, to increase utilization of screening is important to decrease gastric and colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 1991

This study was designed to observe the problems in performing the screening for early detection of lung cancer, and the degree to which regular radiographic and cytologic screening contributes to the early detection of lung cancer in asymptomatic volunteers. Through mass media campaign, 346 male volunteers had registered to receive radiographic and sputum cytologic screening every four months. Initial chest x-ray examination showed 83 cases of lesions suggesting tuberculosis. Among them, two cases were proved to be active tuberculosis. The rate of long-term follw-up over two years was about 15%. The screening tests detected two cases of lung cancer, one prevalent lung cancer by sputum cytologic examination, and the other by sputum cytologic examination during follow-up. So the prevalence rate of lung cancer was 0.28% and the incidence rate was 3.1/1,000 person·years. Both were localized lesions; ie, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage I and occult lung cancer, respectively. With these results, we suggest that the maintenance of long-term follow-up seems to be the most important problem to evaluate the effect of early detection of lung cancer. It would require thorough explanation of the risk of smoking in lung cancer and the wide public education on the government's base. It should be done at several hospitals simultaneously to include a large population in the study. Although we couldn't determine the effect of screening for the early detection of lung cancer in this report, new diagnostic procedure other than chest x-ray and sputum cytologic examination would be required, according to the literature, to reduce the mortality of lung cancer by the screening program for the early detection of lung cancer.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.197-201
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• 2001

Purpose: There are variants of gastric cancer assoclated with predominantly peritoneal spread of with haematogenous metastases. Perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery is considered as a rational therapeutic modality to prevent peritoneal spread. We evaluated the influence of early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy on the prognosis of resectable advanced gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: From 1990 to 1995, 246 patients with biopsy proven advanced gastric cancer were enrolled in the study. Among them 123 patients received early postoperative intraperitoneal mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil. The survival rate was calculated using by the Kaplan-Meier method and was compared using the log-rank test according to 13 clinico-pathologic factors. Multivariate analysis was performed with the Coxproportional hazards model. Results: Gastric resection plusearly postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy showed an improved survival rate as compared to surgery alone ($54.1\%\;versus\;40.3\%;$ P=0.0325). Depth of tumor invasion, degree of regional lymph vode metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor size, tumor location, extent of gastric resection, and curability of surgery significantly influenced survival. When a multivariate analysis was performed, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy, curability of surgery, and extent of gastric resection emerged as the statistically significant and independent prognostic factors. Conlusion: Early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy is one of the independent prognostic indicators of resectable advanced gastric cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2015

Background: The current study examined health-related quality of life (QoL) for patients with esophageal/gastric cardia precursor lesions or cancer before and after treatment to facilitate improved prevention and treatment. Materials and Methods: Patients with different stages of esophageal/gastric cardia lesions completed two QoL questionnaires, EORTC QLQ-C30 and supplemental QLQ-OES 18, before primary treatment, and at 1, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Results: Fifty-nine patients with precursor lesions, 57 with early stage cancer, and 43 with advanced cancer responded to our survey. Patients with precursor lesions or early stage cancer reported better QoL overall than those with advanced cancer before treatment (p<0.01). Global QoL scores before treatment and at 1 month after treatment were $71{\pm}9$ versus $69{\pm}9$ (p>0.01), $71{\pm}8$ versus $61{\pm}11$ (p<0.01), $67{\pm}11$ versus $62{\pm}9$ (p<0.01) for three stages of lesions. At 6 months after treatment, some QoL measures recovered gradually in precursor lesion and early cancer patients, while some continuously deteriorated in advanced cancer patients. At 12 months, all QoL scores were comparable to baseline for patients with precursor lesions (p>0.01), while global QoL, social, pain, and insomnia scores for early stage and advanced cancer were inferior to corresponding baseline levels (difference between means>5, p<0.01). At this time point, compared with patients with early stage cancer, those with advanced cancer showed worse QoL with all function and most symptom measures (p<0.01). Conclusions: Patients with precursor lesions or early stage esophageal/gastric cardia cancer show better QoL than those with advanced cancer. This indicates that screening, early diagnosis and treatment may improve the QoL for esophageal/gastric cardia cancer patients. Target intervention and counseling should be given by health care providers during treatment and follow-up to facilitate QoL improvement.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.164-172
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic significance of tumor size for 5-year survival rate in patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,697 patients with gastric cancer, who underwent potentially curative gastrectomy, were evaluated. Patients were divided into 4 groups as follows, according to the median size of early and advanced gastric cancer, respectively: small early gastric cancer (tumor size ${\leq}3$ cm), large early gastric cancer (tumor size >3 cm), small advanced gastric cancer (tumor size ${\leq}$ 6 cm), and large advanced gastric cancer (tumor size >6 cm). The prognostic value of tumor size for 5-year survival rate was investigated. Results: In a univariate analysis, tumor size is a significant prognostic factor in advanced gastric cancer, but not in early gastric cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size is an independent prognostic factor for 5-year survival rate in advanced gastric cancer (P=0.003, hazard ratio=1.372, 95% confidence interval=1.115~1.690). When advanced gastric cancer is subdivided into 2 groups, according to serosa invasion: Group 1; serosa negative (T2 and T3, 7th AJCC), and Group 2; serosa positive (T4a and T4b, 7th AJCC), tumor size is an independent prognostic factor in Group 1 (P=0.011, hazard ratio=1.810, 95% confidence interval=1.149~2.852) and in Group 2 (P=0.033, hazard ratio=1.288, 95% confidence interval=1.020~1.627), respectively. Conclusions: Tumor size is an independent prognostic factor in advanced gastric cancer irrespective of the serosa invasion, but not in early gastric cancer.