• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.234-236
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• 2016

A 14 kg, 9-year-old, spayed female, Cocker Spaniel was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University with a history of head tilt and circling. Otitis externa and media were diagnosed by computerized tomography, and total ear canal ablation was performed. In preanesthetic evaluation, systemic hypertension and second-degree atrioventricular block were observed, but there was no regurgitation through the heart valves. Systemic hypertension was managed with amlodipine (0.1 mg/kg, PO, BID) for the anesthesia. The dog was premedicated with cefazolin (22 mg/kg, IV) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced with alfaxalone (2 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with isoflurane and 100% oxygen following intubation. During surgery, vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure and body temperature) were maintained within normal ranges, but bradycardia was observed and corrected with glycopyrrolate (5 ug/kg IV, twice). During subcuticular suture, electrohemostasis was applied at the incision line, which was close to the trigeminal nerve. In no time at all, heart rate dramatically decreased from 110 to 60 beats per minute. No additional treatment was done because mean blood pressure was maintained above 70 mmHg. The heart rate recovered according to the decrease of end tidal isoflurane concentration and there were no complications associated with the anesthesia and surgery. Sudden bradycardia after electrical stimulation around the trigeminal nerve was considered as trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR). It is recommended to be careful of bradycardia from TCR when electrocautery is used in the craniofacial area during surgery.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.266-270
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• 2011

The refined chaff liquid smoke purified by the second or third filtering, supplemented with Artemisia extract or Perillae folium extract was investigated by measuring antioxidant and antiatopic activities. In DPPH and FRAP assays, three kinds of chaff liquid smokes had potential in antioxidant activity. Additionally, we assessed for antiatopic activity by using C57BLl6 mice with stimulation of dinitrofluorobenzene and observed that their ear swelling was alleviated by various fractions. Overall, all of the chaff liquid smoke reduced the response of swelling on ear epidermis. Especially, refined chaff liquid smoke supplemented with Perillae folium extract was most active than any other fractions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2019

This study was carried out from 2015 to 2016 to identify the suitable sowing and harvesting dates of summer crops in the mountain of Yeongnam, South Korea. The experimental design consisted of the different sowing and harvesting dates as follows: corn hybrid (Z. mays, Kwangpyeongok) of sowing (May 8, 19, and 27) and harvesting (August 10, 20, and 30); sorghum${\times}$sorghum hybrid (Sorghum bicolor ${\times}$ Sorghum bicolor, SS405) of sowing (May 27, June 19 and June 27) and harvesting (August 10, 20, and 30). In corn hybrid, ear rate and dry matter (DM) yield decreased (p<0.05) with the postponement of sowing date. Otherwise, ear rate and DM yield increased (p<0.05) with the postponement of harvesting date. Crude protein content decreased (p<0.05) with the postponement of sowing date, but neutral detergent fiber content increased (p<0.05). In sorghum${\times}$sorghum hybrid, plant length and DM yield with the postponement of harvesting date increased (p<0.05), while crude protein content with the postponement of harvesting date decreased (p<0.05). This study concluded that sowing corn hybrid in early May and sorghum${\times}$sorghum hybrid in early June then harvest in the middle of August was recommend to increase dry matter yield and feed value.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.423-429
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• 2013

The present study aimed to find the most sensitive placement of the skull to perceive speech through the bone vibrator in various protection methods while being exposed to noise. Twenty young normal-hearing adults (10 male and 10 female) participated in the study. As stimulus, Korean spondee words were presented via one of five skull locations (i.e., jaw angle, condyle, temple, mastoid, and vertex), while the participants wore one of four protection methods (i.e., ear form, ear plug, ear muff, and ear form and muff together) against white noise in one of four noise directions (i.e., 0, 90, 180, 270 degrees). The results showed: 1) there was a significant difference among the five skull locations with condyle being the most sensitive placement; 2) there was a significant difference among the four protection methods, with the ear form plus ear muff condition (or dual protection) providing the lowest threshold; 3) when exposed to noise from 90 degrees, the significantly lowest threshold was found; 4) there was no significant difference in results by gender. The pattern of results suggests that the communicative condition via the condyle bone conduction and the dual protection of the air conduction under any noise direction might be ideal for preventing noise-induced hearing loss, although further studies should be undertaken in this area.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.115-132
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• 2014

Objective : Portulacae Herba (PH) can clear away heat, detoxicate, cool down blood heat. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of PH on ACD induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. Method : In this experiment, the effects of PH on changes in body weights, thicknesses and weights of ear, thicknesses of dorsum skin, degree of symptoms on the dorsum skin, histopathological changes of ear and dorsum skin, spleen weights, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-10 in serum were observed. And the effects on the proliferation rates of splenocytes were also investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results : 1. PH spread (PHS) group and PH spread plus administered (PHS+Adm) group didn't show any changes in weight and thickness of ear. 2. But in PHS and PHS+Adm group, thickness of dorsum skin decreased significantly. 3. And PHS and PHS+Adm group showed meaningful effectiveness on ACD symptoms like erythema, desquamation and keratinization. 4. In histopathological observation, hyperplasia and edema of spongy tissues were remarkably diminished in PHS and PHS+Adm group. 5. And PH reduced the proliferation rates of splenocytes in vivo and vitro study. Conclusions : PH effectively decreased symptoms of ACD in this study, therefore PH can be one of medicinal ingredients to treat ACD.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1896-1903
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• 2004

Anglicae dahuricae Radix (ADR), the dried roots of Angelica Dahurica Benth et Hook (Umbelliferae), is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat colds, headache, skin diseases such as acne and possess analgesic, antipyretic and drainage effects. In the present study, the author evaluated the effect of ADR on regulation of inflammatory reaction. ADR reduced the ear-swelling responses derived from compound 48/80 in dose-dependent manner significantly. ADR inhibited the PMA plus A23187-induced productions of IL (Interleukin)-8, IL-1β, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from human mast cells (HMC)-1. In addition, ADR blocked PMA plus A23187-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Ⅰ suggest that ADR regulates inflammatory reaction through inhibition of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-1β and GM-CSF.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.437-442
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• 2020

Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is critical for host defense as well as the progression of inflammatory diseases through the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which is cleaved by active caspase-1. It has been reported that overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the development and pathology of acne vulgaris. Therefore, inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome may provide a new therapeutic strategy for acne vulgaris. In this study, we investigated whether auranofin, an anti-rheumatoid arthritis agent, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby effectively treating acne vulgaris. Auranofin suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by Propionibacterium acnes, reducing the production of IL-1β in primary mouse macrophages and human sebocytes. In a P. acnes-induced acne mouse model, injection of P. acnes into the ears of mice induced acne symptoms such as redness, swelling, and neutrophil infiltration. Topical application of auranofin (0.5 or 1%) to mouse ears significantly reduced the inflammatory symptoms of acne vulgaris induced by P. acnes injection. Topical application of auranofin led to the downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activated by P. acnes in mouse ear skin. These results show that auranofin inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome, the activation of which is associated with acne symptoms. The results further suggest that topical application of auranofin could be a new therapeutic strategy for treating acne vulgaris by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.251-257
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• 2000

To clarifiy the activating effects of Buthus martensi Karsch(BMK) on tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mice was investigated. In vivo system, BMK was seen to gave an inhibitory activity on TPA-induced mouse ear edema. In addition, the BMK was proved to have antitumor-promoting activity in two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by DMBA and two-stage mouse lung carcinogenesis induced by 4-NQO as a initiator plus TPA and glycerol as a promoter. Moreover, BMK significantly exhibited an cytolytic effect in HepG2 cells and showed significant antitumor activity against Sarcoma-180 bearing mice by oral administration. These results suggest that BMK could be effective in adjuvant chemotherapy for human cancer.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2014

Recently, in Korea, the septal extension graft from the septum or rib has become a common method of correcting a small or short nose. The success rate of this method has led to the blind faith that it provides superior tip projection and definition, and to the failure to notice its weaknesses. Even if there is a sufficient amount of cartilage, improper separation or fixation might waste the cartilage, resulting in an inefficient operation. Appropriate resection and effective fixation are essential factors for economical rhinoplasty. The septal extension graft is a remarkable procedure since it can control the nasal tip bidirectionally and three dimensionally. Nevertheless, it has a serious drawback since resection is responsible for septal weakness. Safe resection and firm reconstruction of the framework should be carried out. Operating on the basis of the principle of "safe harvest" and rebuilding the structures is important. Further, it is important to learn several techniques to manage septal weakness, insufficient cartilage quantity, and failure of the rigid frame during the surgery.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2006

A noise transfer function(NTF) is the frequency response function between an input force applied to an exterior point of a vehicle body and the resultant interior sound pressure usually measured at the driver's ear position. It represents the measure of noise sensitivity for the output force transmitted to the joints between the body and chassis. The principle of vibro-acoustic reciprocity is often utilized in the measurement of NTF. One difficulty in using the volume source is that most of the previously proposed methods require the knowledge of the volume velocity of the acoustic source in advance. A new method proposed in the present work does not require any calculation related with the volume velocity of the acoustic source, but still yields even more accurate results both in the amplitude and phase of the NTF. In the present work, the new method is applied to obtain NTF data for a midsize sedan.