• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.66-76
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between lateral position change and sternal complications after cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive case-control study, involving 241 patients who underwent cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. Data from October 2011 to September 2014 were collected. Results: Sternal complications (i.e. dehiscence, sternal instability, mediastinitis) developed in 33 patients (13.7%). Primary symptoms of complications were discharge and erythema, and the mean time difference from surgery to appearance of symptoms was 15 days (range, 1-138 days). The factors associated with sternal complications were cancer comorbidity (${\chi}^2=5.22$, p=.039), internal mammary artery procedure (${\chi}^2=4.16$, p=.041), and duration of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (p=.033). Position change was not related to incidence of sternal complications (${\chi}^2=0.14$, p=.704). Pressure ulcers appeared in 63 patients (26.1%). Mean time difference from surgery until occurrence of ulcers was 6.7 hours (range, 0-323.0 hours), but position change was started from 132.4 hours (range, 27.1-503.2 hours) after intensive care unit admission. Conclusions: These results provide baseline data to create a standard position change and activity protocol for patients after median sternotomy. Furthermore, the study could help clinical practitioners establish evidence-based nursing practices.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.44-50
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• 2015

This study compared the effects of the initial head position (i.e., a HHP versus a relaxed head position) of subjects with and without a FHP on the thickness of the deep and superficial neck flexor muscles during CCF. The study recruited 6 subjects with a FHP and 10 subjects without a FHP. The subjects performed CCF in two different head positions: a HHP, with the head aligned so that the forehead and chin formed a horizontal line, and a relaxed head position (RHP), with the head aligned in a self-selected comfortable position. During the CCF exercise, the thickness of the longus colli (LCo) and the thickness of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) were recorded using ultrasonography. The thickness of each muscle was measured by Image J software. The statistical analysis was performed with a two-way mixed-model analysis of variance. The thickness of the SCM differed significantly (p<.05) between the subjects with and without FHP. According to a post $h^{\circ}C$ independent t-test, the change in thickness of the SCM increased significantly during CCF in the subjects with FHP while adopting a HHP compared to that in the subjects without FHP. The change in thickness of the SCM was not significantly different between the two positions in subjects without FHP, and there was no significant change in thickness of the LCo muscle during the CCF exercise according to the initial position in both subjects with and without FHP. The results suggest that CCF should be performed in RHP to minimize contraction of the SCM in subjects with a FHP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.417-418
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• 2007

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.595-603
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• 2002

A gene that encodes a homologue to baculoviral ODVP-6E/ODV-E56, a baculoviral envelope-associated viral structural protein, has been identified and sequenced on the genome of Choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (ChfuGV). The ChfuGV odvp-6e/odv-e56 gene was located on an 11-kb BamHI subgenomic fragment using different sets of degenerated primers, which were designed using the results of the protein sequencing of a major 39 kDa structural protein that is associated with the occlusion-derived virus (ODV). The gene has a 1062 nucleotide (nt) open-reading frame (ORF) that encodes a protein with 353 amino acids with a predicated molecular mass of 38.5 kDa. The amino acid sequence data that was derived from the nucleotide sequence in ChfuGV was compared to those of other baculoviruses. ChfuGV ODVP-6E/ODV-E56, along with othe baculoviral ODVP-6E/ODV-E56 proteins, all contained two putative transmembrane domains at their C-terminus. Several putative N-and O-glycosylation, N-myristoylation, and phosphorylation sites were detected in the ChfuGV ODVP-6E/ODV-E56 protein. A similar pattern was detected when a hydrophobicity-plots comparison was performed on ChfuGV ODVP-6E/ODV-E56 with other baculoviral homologue proteins. At the nucleotide level, a late promoter motif (GTAAG) was located at -14 nt upstream to the start codon of the GhfuGV odvp-6e/odv-e56 gene. a slight variant of the polyadenylation signal, AATAAT, was detected at the position +10 nt that is downstream from the termination signal. A phylogenetic tree for baculoviral ODVP-6E/ODV-E56 was constructed using a maximum parsimony analysis. The phylogenetic estimation demonstrated that ChfuGV ODVP-6E/ODV-E56 is most closely related to those of Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) and Plutella xylostella granulovirus (PxGV).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.44-58
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• 1994

The formants of the 9 Korean standard vowels(which used by the average people of Seoul, central-area of the Korean peninsula) were measured by analysis with the linear predictive coding(LPC) and fast Fourier transform(FFT). The author already had reported the constriction area for the Korean standard vowels, and with the existing data, the distance from glottis to the constriction area in the vocal tract of each vowel was newly measured with videovelopharyngograms and lateral Rontgenograms of the vocal tract. We correlated the formant frequencies with the distance from glottis to the constriction area of the vocal tract. Also we tried to correlate the formant frequencies with the position of tongue in the vocal tract which is divided into 2 categories : The position of tongue in oral cavity by the distance from imaginary palatal line to the highest point of tongue and the position in pharyngeal cavity by the distance from back of tongue to posterior pharyngeal wall. This study was performed with 10 adults(male : 5, female : 5) who spoke primary 9 Korean standard vowels. We had already reported that the Korean vowel [i], [e], $[{\varepsilon}]$ were articulated at hard palate level, [$\dot{+}$], [u] were at soft palate level, [$\wedge$] was at upper pharynx level and the [$\wedge$], [$\partial$], [a] in a previous article. Also we had noted that the significance of pharyngeal cavity in vowel articulation. From this study we have concluded that ; 1) The F$_1$ is related with the oral cavity articulated vowel [i, e, $\varepsilon$, $\dot{+}$, u]. 2) Within the oral cavity articulated vowel [i, e, $\varepsilon$, $\dot{+}$, u] and the upper pharynx articulated vowel [o], the F$_2$ is elevated when the diatance from glottis to the constriction area is longer. But within the lower pharynx articulated vowel [$\partial$, $\wedge$, a], the F$_2$ is elevated when the distance from glottis to the constriction area is shorter. 3) With the stronger tendency of back-vowel, the higher the elevation of the F$_1$ and F$_2$ frequencies. 4) The F$_3$ and F$_4$ showed no correaltion with the constriction area nor the position of tongue in the vocal tract 5) The parameter F$_2$- F$_1$, which is the difference between F$_2$ frequency and F$_1$ frequency showed an excellent indicator of differenciating the oral cavity articulated vowels from pharyngeal cavity articulated vowels. If the F$_2$-F$_1$ is less than about 600Hz which indicates the vowel is articulated in the pharyngeal cavity, and more than about 600Hz, which indicates that the vowel is articulated in the oral cavity.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.87-98
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• 2003

In recent years, e-Learning has taken an important position in the field of education. In turn, as the number of e-Learning contents continue to grow, many institutions are facing difficulty how to cut down the cost for content development and to reuse contents once made for the future courses. On of the way to solve this problem is to create technological standard for e-Learning contents and platform, for which e-Learning experts are actively participating around the world. The purpose of the study was to suggest technological standard for sharing e-Learning contents, especially among cyber universities which were established with the Life-long Education Act. To achieve the research objective, at first, we reviewed literatures related to the e-Learning standard, surveyed content management policies in cyber universities, and then made suggestions what to do for the standardization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.473-480
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• 2010

A key objective is to meet the requirements for safe marine transport and protection of the marine environment by providing a comprehensive mix of Aids to Navigation commensurate with the amount of traffic and the degree of risk. The development of e-Navigation is driven by the compelling need to equip the master of a vessel and those ashore responsible for the safety of shipping with modem, proven tools to improve the reliability of marine navigation and communications. Although position fixing using GNSS is widely used, radar and visual AtoNs continue to be needed to provide safe, secure and environmentally clean navigation. The paper considers the role, evolution and future provision of traditional aids to navigation in an e-Navigation environment from both a technical and mariner perspective.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2001

Optical investigation on Zn-doped InGaN grown by MOCVD was performed by using the photoluminescence. Two different spectra related to Zn-acceptor-like centers occurred at room temperature, with broad emissions peaking at 2.81, and 2.60 eV, Specially, emissions interacted with phonon were observed at 2.81 eV where phonon energy was 92.5 meV From temperature dependent blue-band emissions of InGaN, we observe that the intensity in high energy region was quickly decreased more than that in low energy region with increased temperature, and the peak position at 2.81 eV was blue shift of about 18 meV, The blue-band emmissions would be originated from the transition related to the localized Zn complex centers.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2003

The effects of molecular structure on the redox properties of the organic electroluminescent materials (Ir$(ppy)_3$ Ir$(m-ppy)_3$ Ir$(p-toly)_3$) were studied using cyclic voltammetry and spectroscopy. These iridium complexes show reversible oxidation and reduction on the electrode, which produce the symmetric cyclic voltammogram. It indicates that these materials are very stable under repetitive oxidation/reduction cycles. The electrochemically determined ionization potentia/electron affinity values are 5.4OeV/3.02eV for Ir$(ppy)_3$, 5.36eV/2.96eV for Ir$(m-ppy)_3$, and 5.35eV/2.97eV for Ir$(p-toly)_3$ from the SCE(Standard Calomel Electrode). The electrically determined band gaps are 2.38eV (521nm), Ir$(ppy)_3$, 2.4OeV (517nm), Ir$(m-ppy)_3$, and 2.38eV (521nm). Ir$(p-toly)_3$, which are similar with the optical band gaps. The position of methyl group on 2-phenylpyridine (ppy) effects do not influence much on the ionization potential, electron affinity, and band gap of Ir$(ppy)_3$ derivatives.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.39-56
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the comparation Korean "-e(에), -eseo(에서)" with the Chinese "zai(在)," analyze the errors of using "-e(에), -eseo(에서)," and suggest the direction of teaching required for Chinese learners to reduce these errors. Referring to mean place, "-e(에)" and "-eseo(에서)" generally correspond to "zai(在)" in Chinese, but "zai(在)" in Chinese does not completely correspond to "-e(에)" and "-eseo(에서)" with the meaning of position or place. Chinese learners are often misunderstood when they use "-e(에)" and "-eseo(에서)."