• Health Policy and Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.90-111
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• 1992

Community involvement is to be the keystone of primary health care, Unfortunately, efforts to promote it failed in many countries. Author inquired into the reasons why such efforts fail, and the alternative strategies for effectively promoting it in Korean situation today. In doing so, the concept of community involvement is clarified as an amalgamation of two different concepts; one is that of the community development, and the other is that of approaches for overcoming the alienation of the people from the health care process. Stategies of community involvement in Korea so far followed the line of the community development, e.g. village health worker. It loses, however, the feasibility as Korea has experinced so cial and economic developpment. The strategies of the second line of thought is now more feasible; empowering the people by providing more information and enhancing comitment to health, improving acceptabilty of community involvemt on the part of the health professionals and the bureaucrats, and building the mechanism of community involvement into the health policy-making process.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.541-554
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• 2019

Processed cheeses (PCs) were made under varying cooking pH values (5.3, 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6) using a processed cheese cooker. Along with emulsifying salts (2.5%), distilled water, NaCl (2%) and a colouring agent under these cooking pH values, the PC samples made with either 100% fresh curd and rennet casein coded processed cheese control ($PC_C$) as control or ~70% fresh curd-~30% traditional village cheese coded processed cheese with village cheese ($PC_V$). The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of the varying cooking pH values on the textural properties for the PCv samples compared with the control sample during 90 days of storage. Chemical and textural properties of all PC samples were investigated over time. The chemical compositions of the PC samples (dry matter and ash) increased at d 90 of storage significantly, due to 1-d ripening of all PC samples at ambient temperature in terms of the manufacturing protocol of the cheese. The textural properties of the PC samples were altered by the varying cooking pH values. It may propose that the interactions of the proteins at the cooking pH values during processing and biochemical mechanisms in the cheese systems could likely affect the texture of the PC samples over time. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness values of all PC samples also increased over time (p<0.05). This study is also to give some knowledge on the design of PC manufacture to cheese makers, and a marketing opportunity to local cheese makers who individually make a traditional village cheese in Turkey.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.57-68
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• 2019

Rural tourism has been identified as providing opportunities to revitalize the rural economies since early 2000s. During last decade in South Korea, government has enacted many policies aiming to establish tourism support programs as well as instigating activities between rural and nearby urban districts. In particular, the promotion of the rural tourism has been actively sought in various forms of products and services, such as green tourism village, village festival, one-company one-village campaign and etc. However, in order to prepare effective policies, it is very crucial to identify measureable evaluation criteria that can be used to assess socio-economic situations of the rural districts. Such criteria should be objective, timely and provide insights about living conditions of local residents and relevant properties. They can also be used to evaluate if progress is being made after the policies are implemented. While considerable efforts and resources have been invested to aid the tourism programs in South Korea, we still lack such systematic means to quantify and evaluate its impact on rural districts. In this work, we have applied regional deprivation analysis on well-established community experiential and recreational business in rural villages throughout the country based on three criteria (i.e., population, local commerce, and buildings). Surprisingly, the result shows that the implementation of the community experiential and recreational businesses did not bring any noticeable changes to at least one of the evaluation criteria. We concluded that the current government policies on revitalization of rural tourism at the village scale is insufficient for bringing meaningful socio-economic impacts to rural districts, with rare exceptions.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.615-627
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of urban sprawl and their ramifications, i.e. segmentation and hierarchization on the spatial structure as well as populational composition, focusing on Daecheon - Village and Daecheoncheon - Network in Busan, and to examine not only the solidarity between constituents transcending the segmented spaces but also the internal values operating inside through the Daecheoncheon - Network. Due to the large - scale housing development in the 1980s to 1990s, Daecheon - Village has been transformed from a rural village to a town. In this process, the original single space became segmented into Daecheon - Village and apartment complex. This spatial segmentation divided the populational composition into old natives and young immigrants. However, the Daecheoncheon - Network created by solidarity between the bodies of two localities enabled the residents to resolve the urgent issues of localities, recognizing their own space of living not as segmented and hierarchic but as the communal site of life and one village where they will live together. Daecheoncheon-Network was the movement and network to connect natives and immigrants transcending the segmented space and went so far as to make a motive to create one community with the value of 'symbiosis.'

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.314-322
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• 2018

In recent times, increasing is the number of civic participation government policy decision models through the application of the service design process. It's because the effect of a policy is cut in half due to the low acceptance will for police execution, which could occur in the supplier-oriented policy-decision process in the past. For solving out such a problem, civic participation policy service design has been under way in the name of 'National Design Group' led by the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs starting 2014. A sharing village is a village community in a broad sense for the purpose of giving effect to sharing economy, aiming to maintain sustainability through sharing consciousness raising between village members, coexistence and cooperation. This study presented a solution to the 3 sorts of city problems, i.e. sharing village, urban generation and youth employment settlement in combination by grasping the problems of the existing sharing village, and using service design method Toolkit However, there needs to be a follow-up research through continuous verification, and improvement of problems for the time to come because the casual relationship between research subjects is extensive, and this study has limitations in the satisfaction survey for verifying the result satisfaction, which individual subjects have, consequent on the suggestion of the way of solution, and the research period as well.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2011

Two naturalized plants (Euphorbiaceae) were recorded from Busan Metropolitan City and from the Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Euphorbia heterophylla L. (A-me-ri-ka-dae-geuk) was found in a park near Suyeong-gang, Allak-dong, Dongnae-gu, in Busan Metropolitan City. This species is distinguished from E. dentata by its alternating leaves of main stem and glands of involucres with a circular opening. Euphorbia hirta L. (Teol-ttang-bin-dae) was found in Yerae village, Yerae-dong, Seogwipo-si, in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. It is distinguished from E. hypericifolia as it has capsules with hairs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2016

This study investigated the correlation between consumer's buying habits and food styling visual elements. Differentiated and original techniques were used to determine whether or not visual elements in tteok menus reflect the aesthetic needs of consumers without altering the nutrition of tteok. The targeted tteok cafes were in Jeonju Hanok Village, which is a tourist attraction in Korea. First, sub-factors of food styling visual elements applied to tteok $caf{\acute{e}}$ menus such as shape, size/volume, color, and texture all had significantly positive effects on customer satisfaction, proving that food styling visual effects applied to tteok $caf{\acute{e}}$ menus have significant effects on customer satisfaction. Second, sub-factors of food styling visual elements applied to tteok $caf{\acute{e}}$ menus all had significantly positive effects on buying habits. Third, customer satisfaction of menus had a significant effect on buying habits, as proven by previous studies. Fourth, the effects of customer satisfaction on the relationship between food styling visual factors applied to tteok $caf{\acute{e}}$ menus and buying habits were investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.82-90
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to identify the spatial foundation units required to execute a rural village landscape plan. Though there have been various previous studies on spatial foundation units for rural space and landscape elements, they are limited in clarifying the landscape identity of a rural village unit in creating a feasible a rural village landscape plan. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the natural spatial features of a rural village and then establish a landscape identity for each space by exploring the landscape elements for each rural village unit set as the basic unit. Accordingly, the basic spatial unit was analyzed through a 1:5000 scale mapping by applying geomancy theory to the spatial landscape unit in a naturally generated rural village. The spatial limitations for a rural village landscape were set based on the analysis. Afterwards, a field study on the feasibility of whether or not setting a space as the basic unit for landscape could have a sense of identity as a single landscape unit for verification was processed, and the spatial limitations for the landscape were adjusted. Moreover, landscape elements were investigated by classifying landscape resources based on rural amenity resources which have been diversely researched in terms of the set spatial boundaries, and the sense of identity for each landscape foundation unit was looked into. While the numerous preceding studies focused on exploring the rural landscape value and findingout the sense of identity on landscape elements, it is high time for feasible and applicable studies in conducting region-specific landscape plans. In particular, similar outcomes from all landscape plans, even those with the same purpose established in various regions, is not a desirable outcome. Therefore, a basic framework is needed to discover the landscape identity generated by each plan in a rural area space. In this sense, this study is significant in that itcan be utilized to establish spatial identity of each region and landscape features of each rural village, and come up with realistic alternatives in landscape plans for each region by exploring the landscape identity in each specific space divided per watershed in a single zone.

• The Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2018

This study analyzes the economic feasibility on the transition of production structure to increase income for a local forest village in Laos PDR. The study area was the Nongboua village in Sangthong district where the primary product is rice from rice paddy. Possible strategies were considered to increase the villagers' revenue, and Noni (Morinda citrifolia) was production in the short-term. We assumed that the project period was for 20 years for the analysis, and a total of 1,100 Noni tree was planted in 1 ha by $3m{\times}3m$ spacing. This study classified basic scenario one, scenario two, scenario three by the survival rate and purchase pirce of Noni. Generally Noni grows well. However, the seedlings' average survival rate (= production volume) was set up conservatively in this study to consider potential risks such as no production experience of Noni and tree disease. The scenario one assumed that the survival rate of Noni seedlings was 50% for 0-1 years, 60% for 0-2 years, and 70% for 3-20 years; the scenario two, 10% less, i.e., 40%, 50%, and 60%; and the scenario three, 10% less, i.e., 40%, 50%, 60% and purchase price 10% less, i.e., $0.29 to $0.26, respectively. Our analysis showed that all 3 scenarios resulted in economically-feasible IRR (internal rate of return) of 24.81%, 19.02%, and 16.30% of with a discounting rate of 10%. The B/C (benefit/cost) ratio for a unit area (1ha) was also analyzed for the three scenarios with a discounting rate of 10%, resutling in the B/C ratio of 1.71, 1.47, and 1.31. The study results showed that the Nongboua village would have a good opportunity to improve its low-income structure through planting and managing alternative crops such as Noni. Also the results can be used as useful decision-making information at a preliminary analysis level for planning other government and public investment projects for the Nonboua village.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.192-195
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• 1997

Thirty adults Desi and Khaki Campbell ducks were distributed to 6 farmers of Chakcharpur village of Mymensingh district. These ducks were subjected 3 types of mating e.g. Desi ${\times}$ Desi, Khaki Campbell ${\times}$ Khaki Campbell and Khaki Campbell ${\times}$ Desi-having 10 ducks (male : female = 1 : 4) in each mating group. Each mating group was then divided into two having 5 ducks(male : female = 1 : 4) and distributed to 2 farmers. After collecting eggs from each mating category, these were hatched by broody hens from which a total of 90 day old ducklings, 30 from each genotype were raised from birth to 90 days after the onest of laying. Although the weight of the day old chicks were similar in all genotypes (40-43 g), body weight was the highest (p <0.01) for Khaki Campbell ${\times}$ Desi (1,543) before the onset of laying followed by Khaki Campbell (1,552 g) and Desi (1,448 g) ducks. Khaki Campbell attained maturity at an earlier (p < 0.01) age (147 days) followed by Khaki Campbell ${\times}$ Desi, (154 days) and Desi (161 days) ducks. Khaki Campbell laid maximum (p < 0.01) number of eggs (46) compared to Khaki Campbell ${\times}$ Desi, (30) and Desi (18) ducks 90 days after the onset of laying. However, eggs were heavier (p < 0.01) in Desi (61.9) ducks compared to other genotypes. Fertility and hatchability were also higher in Desi ducks than the other two genotypes. Mortality was also lover in Desi ducks (3.33%) followed by Khaki Campbell ${\times}$ Desi (6.66%) and Khaki Campbell (16.66%) ducks. The results presented here indicated the superiority of Desi ducks over the other two genotypes with respect to egg weight, fertility, hatchability and mortality under village condition. Pure and crossbreds, on the other hand, were heavier at sexual maturity at relatively younger age and laid more eggs.