• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.129-153
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• 2004

In order to succeed in e-Trade Project in Korea, the related parties endeavor to introduce the e-title registry model such as Bolero model(Title Registry Model) and TEDI model (Repository Service Provider Model). Prior to mentioning the Model of e-Title Registry, desirable Global e-Trade Platform is the platform connecting Global e-Trade Platforms in each country and Bolero's Core Messaging Platform and e-Title Registry must be established in each country. Each e-Title Registry must be connected with another registry. Like Korea, Recognized Electronic Document Repository must be established as proxy for preserving, attesting, carrying out sending and receiving electronic document to prevent from disputes between parties and to carry out notarizing electronic documents and related transaction. The purpose of this paper is to promote the introduction of e-Title Registry in the e-Trade and to streamline the procedures of the electronic bill of lading.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.321-349
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• 2004

Bolero Project initially had the support of TEDIS, and now is a joint-venture between SWIFT and IT Club. After the successful testing of an original pilot project, The Bolero Association was formed in 1995 by a group of interested cross industry companies. A Bolero Bill of Lading replicates the basic functions of a paper-based bill of lading via title registry service and core messaging platform. A Bolero Bill of Lading consists of BBL Text and Title Registry Record. A Tittle Registry Record carries out the function of a document of title and a BBL may be transferred by changing the roles of users in this Title Registry Record. TEDI Project had been conducted from the April 1999 to the September 2000 on the basis of the EDEN Project(Dec.97- Mar. 1999) and International Trade Guidances Project (Nov. 1998-Mar. 1999). Through TEDI Project, the RSP Model was introduced as e-trade solution like Bolero's Solution. The RSP Model Solution will be furnished through TC (Trade Chain) Server and RSP(Repository Service Provider) Server. The purpose of this paper is to study the problems and solutions in the pilot test of electronic Bill of Lading using TEDI's RSP and to promote the introduction of electronic Bill of Lading.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.185-220
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• 2003

Korean Government is increasingly focusing on the Northeast Asia Business and Logistics Hub strategy to create a competitive advantage. A key element of this strategy is creating or leveraging distribution and logistics hubs that act as centres for distribution in Northeast Asia. A Northeast Asian e-Hub Policy is required for business hub and logistics hub in the Northeastern Asia. An e-Hub is an integrated, sophisticated set of e-Biz, information and e-trade facilities and services that provides access to a marketplace and exchangee the e-trade data. To study the e-Hub policy, Pan Asian e-Commerce Alliance, Korea-Japan e-Trade Hub project, and ASEM e-Trade project are considered. E-trade via cyberspace may need new methods of dispute resolution to reduce transaction costs for small value-related disputes and to erect structures that work well across national boundaries. Voluntary Mediation Councils and cyber tribunals should be encouraged by governmental sectors to continue developing private sector mechanisms to resolve e-trade disputes. Government-sponsored online cross-border dispute resolution systems may be also be useful to complement these private sector approaches. E-trade in Northeast Asia results in disputes owing to the incompleteness of e-trade law in the countries. These disputes contain disputes regarding e-trade model, central title registry, authentication body. To resolve these disputes in the Northeast Asia, a variety of electronic alternative dispute resolution bodies must be organized under cooperation of Korea, Japan, China. This study deals with the e-ADR construction in the Northeast Asia to resolve the disputes in the e-trade and to activate the e-trade in the Northeast Asia.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.187-206
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to review the process for the trade settlement system between all parties involved in the commercial transaction under SURF System. SURF application is the latest value added service from bolero.net and a fully automated documentary settlement system. It extends bolero.net's capability to enable trade transactions by providing a delivery versus payment system. It has been designed as a standard, shared, infrastructure component for handling trade settlement within an electronic environment to keep step with the operation of electronic Bolero bill of Lading. It exploits the services provided by the Bolero Core Messaging Platform - secure, guaranteed transactions based on boleroXML standards to provide document compliance services with optional bank guarantees. So, SURF system can automatically check all commonly used trade documents such as commercial invoices, bills of lading and certificates of weight and analysis, etc and supports a full range of settlement options including Open Account, Documentary Collections, Documentary Credit. 58 have key features as follows, ① automatic document compliance checking, ② integrated with the Title Registry, ③ supports various forms of vender financing, ④ governed by a set of legally binding rules, ⑤ fully prepared for Straight-Through-Processing, ⑥ Enabled compliance with UCP 500.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.67-95
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• 2000

Owing to the Boero Service, Global Trading will be materialized as international Business to Business E-Commerce. There are three principles in the letter of credit transaction, that is to say, independence and abstraction, document dealing, strict compliance. In the electronic letter of credit, these principles are called as independence and abstraction, electronic document dealing, strict compliance. As a joint venture between SWIFT and TT Club, bolero.net is changing the way the world trades by providing a web-based, paperless mode of commerce that is designed to become a global standard. As bolero.net supplies the service of the title registry resolves the problem of Electronic Bill of Lading, the electronic letter of credit will be easily introduced. Thus, this study deals with the Nature of the Electronic Letter of Credit Transaction and the Presentation of the Documents, in particular, the Bolero Bill of Lading.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.171-194
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• 2005

The CMI Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading were drafted by the Comite Maritime International(CMI) and related specifically to EDI transfers of negotiable bills of lading. The CMI Rules are contractual in nature and the application of the CMI Rules is strictly voluntary. The method adopted in the CMI Rules to enable negotiation of the rights to cargo in a controlled method is based on the introduction of the ‘Private Key’. The Bolero service will be governed by a multilateral contract called the Bolero Rule Book which specifies the rights and responsibilities of Bolero and its users. The Title Registry and Bolero Bill of Lading provide a fully functional equivalent to the paper bill of lading. The Bolero Bill of Lading can be created, transferred, amended, and surrendered by way of designating to order party, blank endorsement, refusal by the transferee etc. In Japan, through TEDI Project, the RSP Model is introduced as e-trade solution like Bolero's Solution. The RSP Model Solution will be furnished through TC(Trade Chain) Server and RSP(Repository Service Provider) Server. The purpose of this paper is to analyze comparatively the CMI Rules and Bolero Bill of Lading and RSP Model of TEDI and to find the implications in this case study for quick introduction of electronic Bill of Lading.