• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.600-608
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• 2022

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 P2E 게임 내 NFT를 이용해 일어나고 있는 범죄유형을 살펴보고, 이에 대한 정부와 기업간의 범죄예방 및 법적제재 방안을 강구하기 위함이다. 연구방법: P2E게임 내 NFT를 이용한 내 범죄유형 분류를 위해 선행연구 조사결과와 현재 발생하고 있는 사건사례 등을 통하여 범죄유형을 분석하였다. 연구결과: P2E게임 내 NFT를 통해 내 일어나고 있는 범죄는 대부분 해킹, 자금세탁, 저작권의 문제이다. 우리나라에서는 게임자체가 규제되고 있지만 향후 게임규제가 풀어지면 일어날 수 있는 범죄들이다. 따라서 해킹, 자금세탁, 탈세, 저작권문제, 게임의 사행성 등으로 범죄유형을 분류하였고 외국에서는 이미 다양한 피해사례도 발생하고 있다. 결론: 현재 우리나라에서는 게임규제로 인한 범죄발생피해가 일어나고 있지 않지만, 외국사례에서 보듯 거액의 해킹 및 NFT를 이용한 자금세탁이 이루어지고 있어서 우리나라에서는 기본적 규제완화와 향후 발생할 수 있는 범죄에 있어서의 정책 및 법개정이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.47-60
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• 1998

This Pupose of this study was to identify the type of attitudes toward money to investigate the relationship between the attitued and consumption expenditure pattern. Data were obtained from 398 household living in Seoul. Factor analysis was used for examining dimensions of attitudes toward money and cluster analysis for classifying the households by money attitudes. This study found five money attitude dimensions, i.e., the Means of Success dimension, the Means of Pleasure dimension, the Means of Security dimension, the Symbol of Anxiety dimension, and the Parsimony dimension, Based on the variation in the dimensions, five money types were identified, ie., the Means of Success, the Means of Pleasure, the Means of Security, the Symbol of Anxiety, and the Parsimony.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2021

The dependency on technology has increased with the increase in population. Technology plays a crucial role in facilitating, organizing and securing people's life nowadays. The Internet has penetrated every face of present-day lifestyles. Yet another ubiquitous use of digital technology today is evident in transferring money and speeding cross border payments that are done through digital transactions. This paper investigates transferring money and data through banks and companies by using the Blockchain concept through decentralized distributed system. The present research also peruses several contexts in which this technology has already been implemented successfully and demonstrates the advantages of replacing the paper money with digital money. Using cryptocurrency will facilitate people's life by reducing time, securing the process of money transfer, and increasing data integrity. The primary benefit of this content analysis is that it addresses an innovative subject, in a new light and using timely recent research references drawn from 2018-2020. Thus, our study is a contemporary and conclusive source for all present and future endeavours being undertaken in the domain of using blockchain for e-transactions.

• 한국정보보호학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보보호학회 2002년도 종합학술발표회논문집
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• pp.266-269
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• 2002

As a simulation or replacement of analog money in cyber space, the e-cash was introduced by using cryptographic primitives. Since a perfect anonymity system causes some illegal activities, such as money laundering, blackmailing, and illegal purchase, a revocable electronic system was paid a great attention to control the anonymity. In general, Trust Third Party(TTP) is introduced to detect any dubious user and coin, namely user tracing and coin tracing. In this paper we propose a new revocable anonymity e-cash system, and verify the security requirement as well. In our scheme a user first withdraws the e-coin from bank by using blind signature, and then TTP verifies the bank's signature and records the tracing information.

• 경영과학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2010

This study evaluates life annuity plans based on two different types of measures : financial benefit and utility on consumption. The financial benefit is measured by Money's Worth (MW) ratio and return on annuity. For the measure of utility, an optimization problem is formulated with the objective of maximizing utility on consumption. To solve the optimization model, we use Dynamic Programming (DP) technique. The both types of measures are applied to cases of Korean pre-retirees at age 40 with different accumulation years of annuity (i.e. level of annuity asset at the age of retirement) and different timings of annuitization. Our results generally indicate that the utility based optimization model is superior to the financial measures in terms of providing a better evaluation of an annuity plan due to its capability to consider an individual's financial situation during his/her retirement period. Also, they suggest that the level of annuity asset is an important factor when an individual determines the optimal annuitization timing.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

This study investigates extensively the integration of various segments of financial markets (i.e. money market, lending and deposit market, exchange rate market, and capital market) both domestically and internationally. Cointegration approach is employed in the study to find out long term relationship among the variables. Data are on a monthly interval for the period spreads over 2001 to 2010. The results show no evidence of cointegration between money market and exchange rate market and between capital market and exchange rate market of Pakistan. On the other hand, international financial markets integration is also investigated and the findings revealed that domestic money market rates of Pakistan and USA are not cointegrated. Whereas, an evidence of cointegration between capital markets of Pakistan and USA is found in this study.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2017

With the advent of virtual money such as bit coins, interest in the block chain is increasing. Block Chain is a technology that supports Distributed Ledger and is a versatile technology applicable to various fields. Currently, the block chain is conducting research for various applications such as virtual money, trade finance, marketplace, power market, image contents service, and IoT. The technologies that make up the block chain are smart contract, digital signature/hash function and consensus algorithm. And these technologies operate on P2P networks. In this paper, we have studied e-mail system based on the ethereum which is one of the block chain based technologies. Most legacy mail systems use SMTP and the POP3/IMAP protocol to send and receive e-mail, and e-mail use S/MIME to protect the e-mail. However, S/MIME is vulnerable to DDoS attacks because it is configured centrally. And it also does not provide non-repudiation of mail reception. To overcome these weaknesses, we proposed an e-mail system model based on ethereum. The proposed model is able to cope with DDoS attack and forgery prevention by using block chain based technology, and reliable recording and management among block chain participants are provided, so that it is possible to provide a non-repudiation function of e-mail transmission and reception.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.27-43
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• 2009

This article explored the customers protection regulations in electronic payment system by Article 4A of the UCC and EFTA of 1978 and by Electronic Financial Transaction Act of Korea. Both Korea and America have various regulations to protect concerned parties(customers). For examples, the errors of payment order, money-back guarantee, and unauthorized payment order etc. First, this Article focuses on the allocation of risk of loss caused by ambiguous term in payment orders that do not express the subjective intention of the senders. Second, most rights and obligations created by Article 4A of America can be varied with the agreement of affected parties. But there are some exceptions. The exceptions include the money-back guarantee. So Receiving bank have to pay to originator the ordered money included interest. However, Korea also has money-back guarantee but bank do not pay interest to sender. Lastly, Electronic Funds Transfer Act of 1978 and Regulation E has US$ 50 regulation in order to protect customers on the unauthorized payment order. Article 4A imposes duty to detect unauthorized payment orders to originator in relation to the establishment of commercially reasonable security procedure, while Korean law imposes the duty to notify the bank in order to decrease the loss resulted from unauthorized payment order.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.211-222
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to classify the expenditure behaviors of housewives into some types and to identify the characteristics of the types focucing on diverse expenditure behaviors of urban households. In this study it is assumed that the expenditure behaviors are classified by there factors-(1)the orientation of money saving (2)the orientation of time saving and (3)the orientation of others. The present study suggests following three questions. (1). Can the expenditure behaviors of urban housewives be classified according to the orientation of money saving the orientation of others? (2) What distictions exist among the types? (3) Which variables are useful in classifying the expenditure behaviors? For empirical analysis the data of the study was collected from 650 housewives living in Seoul. The statistical methods adopted for data analysis are frequency percentage mean Pearson's correlation coefficient factor analysis cluster analysis one way ANOVA Duncun's multiple ran e test and discriminant analysis. As the major findings 4 types were extracted, According to the level of each dimensions the names for the each type were given as "the type of attaching importance to money saving" "the type of attaching importance to time and appearance" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and appearance" In "the type of attaching importance to money saving" the significant portion of housewives have high school degrees and compared with other types this type includes more husbands having sales and service job 55% of housewives of "The type of attaching importance to time and appearance" have graduate or higher degrees. The significant part of earned incomes range from 3 million won to 5 million won. The rate of housewives employed in the professional job is higher than other types. In "The type of attaching importance to money saving and time" the rate of the employment of housewives in this type is the highest among the types. In "The type of attaching importance to money saving and appearance" the significant portion of housewives have graduate degrees. In the jobs of he spouses the management job is major. The consciousness of belonging to the middle class is higher than other types. In this type the level of education is high but that of income is not. The result of the discriminant analysis says that the earned income and the consciousness of belonging to a calss are the most critical variables to classify the expenditure behaviors into 4 type The accuray of the classification of the discrimination equation composed of these variables is 47,5% The accuracy is improved by 10%.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 디지털화폐 및 화폐변천과 관련된 문헌들에 대한 내용분석과 분석적 서술을 통해 디지털화폐의 특성을 알아보고, 시대에 따라 변화된 '화폐형태'의 동적인 모습과 그에 따른 패러다임변화를 가져오게 된 사회적 배경을 밝혀내고자 했다. 분석결과 새로운 화폐 출현 초기에는 민간에서의 다양한 시도와 함께 시장 중심의 자율적 통화조정이 이루어졌고, 이후 이윤과 권력의 국가독점을 위하여 정부 중심의 중앙 집중 통화 관리와 조정이 이루어졌다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 디지털화폐는 패러다임 변화를 가져올 새로운 화폐형태의 등장으로 볼 수 있다. 중앙은행이 발행하는 CBDC는 직접형과 간접형 모델이 있으며, 관련 산업 생태계의 변화가 예상되는 만큼 국가나 기업의 전략적 접근이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 민간주도형 디지털화폐인 페이스북 리브라는 가격변동을 최소화하여 화폐로서의 기능에 적합하도록 설계된 스테이블코인으로 실제 상용화에 성공할 경우 전 세계 금융산업에 혁명적 변화를 가져올 것으로 전망된다.