• 제목/요약/키워드: e-Marketplaces

검색결과 77건 처리시간 0.028초

제품관여도가 요구 신뢰수준 및 온라인 상인의 선택에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Product Involvement on Required Trust Level and the Online Merchant Choice)

  • 이정민;조휘형;서용원;홍일유
    • 경영정보학연구
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.17-41
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    • 2011
  • 소비자행동과 관련된 기존 문헌은 소비자의 위험인식이 제품 관여도에 의해 중요한 영향을 받는다는 점을 제시하는 반면, 소비자가 요구하는 상인의 신뢰수준이나 소비자의 제품구매 상인의 선택이 관여도에 의해 어떻게 영향을 받는지에 대해서는 연구가 부족하다. 본 연구는 제품 관여도가 요구 신뢰수준 및 온라인 상인 선택에 미치는 영향을 조명하는데 목적이 있다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위해, 제품 관여도, 요구 신뢰수준, 온라인 상인 선택 등 개념들 간의 관계를 나타내는 연구모델을 개발하고, 연구모델을 근거로 세 개의 가설 및 한 개의 명제를 설정하였다. 그리고 연구모델을 테스트할 목적으로 230명의 대학생들을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 수행하였으며 수집된 데이터를 이용해 실증분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 통해, 고관여 제품이 저관여 제품에 비해 소비자가 요구하는 신뢰수준이 더 높고, 고관여 제품을 구매하는 소비자는 온라인 쇼핑몰을 선호하는 반면 저관여 제품을 구매하는 소비자는 이마켓플레이스를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과에 기초하여 실무자 및 연구자를 위한 시사점을 제시하였다.

지속적 관여도 및 인지된 위험이 소비자의 온라인 상인선택 프로세스에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 요구신뢰 수준 개념을 중심으로 (How Enduring Product Involvement and Perceived Risk Affect Consumers' Online Merchant Selection Process: The 'Required Trust Level' Perspective)

  • 홍일유;이정민;조휘형
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.29-52
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    • 2012
  • Consumers differ in the way they make a purchase. An audio mania would willingly make a bold, yet serious, decision to buy a top-of-the-line home theater system, while he is not interested in replacing his two-decade-old shabby car. On the contrary, an automobile enthusiast wouldn't mind spending forty thousand dollars to buy a new Jaguar convertible, yet cares little about his junky component system. It is product involvement that helps us explain such differences among individuals in the purchase style. Product involvement refers to the extent to which a product is perceived to be important to a consumer (Zaichkowsky, 2001). Product involvement is an important factor that strongly influences consumer's purchase decision-making process, and thus has been of prime interest to consumer behavior researchers. Furthermore, researchers found that involvement is closely related to perceived risk (Dholakia, 2001). While abundant research exists addressing how product involvement relates to overall perceived risk, little attention has been paid to the relationship between involvement and different types of perceived risk in an electronic commerce setting. Given that perceived risk can be a substantial barrier to the online purchase (Jarvenpaa, 2000), research addressing such an issue will offer useful implications on what specific types of perceived risk an online firm should focus on mitigating if it is to increase sales to a fullest potential. Meanwhile, past research has focused on such consumer responses as information search and dissemination as a consequence of involvement, neglecting other behavioral responses like online merchant selection. For one example, will a consumer seriously considering the purchase of a pricey Guzzi bag perceive a great degree of risk associated with online buying and therefore choose to buy it from a digital storefront rather than from an online marketplace to mitigate risk? Will a consumer require greater trust on the part of the online merchant when the perceived risk of online buying is rather high? We intend to find answers to these research questions through an empirical study. This paper explores the impact of enduring product involvement and perceived risks on required trust level, and further on online merchant choice. For the purpose of the research, five types or components of perceived risk are taken into consideration, including financial, performance, delivery, psychological, and social risks. A research model has been built around the constructs under consideration, and 12 hypotheses have been developed based on the research model to examine the relationships between enduring involvement and five components of perceived risk, between five components of perceived risk and required trust level, between enduring involvement and required trust level, and finally between required trust level and preference toward an e-tailer. To attain our research objectives, we conducted an empirical analysis consisting of two phases of data collection: a pilot test and main survey. The pilot test was conducted using 25 college students to ensure that the questionnaire items are clear and straightforward. Then the main survey was conducted using 295 college students at a major university for nine days between December 13, 2010 and December 21, 2010. The measures employed to test the model included eight constructs: (1) enduring involvement, (2) financial risk, (3) performance risk, (4) delivery risk, (5) psychological risk, (6) social risk, (7) required trust level, (8) preference toward an e-tailer. The statistical package, SPSS 17.0, was used to test the internal consistency among the items within the individual measures. Based on the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients of the individual measure, the reliability of all the variables is supported. Meanwhile, the Amos 18.0 package was employed to perform a confirmatory factor analysis designed to assess the unidimensionality of the measures. The goodness of fit for the measurement model was satisfied. Unidimensionality was tested using convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. The statistical evidences proved that the three types of validity were all satisfied. Now the structured equation modeling technique was used to analyze the individual paths along the relationships among the research constructs. The results indicated that enduring involvement has significant positive relationships with all the five components of perceived risk, while only performance risk is significantly related to trust level required by consumers for purchase. It can be inferred from the findings that product performance problems are mostly likely to occur when a merchant behaves in an opportunistic manner. Positive relationships were also found between involvement and required trust level and between required trust level and online merchant choice. Enduring involvement is concerned with the pleasure a consumer derives from a product class and/or with the desire for knowledge for the product class, and thus is likely to motivate the consumer to look for ways of mitigating perceived risk by requiring a higher level of trust on the part of the online merchant. Likewise, a consumer requiring a high level of trust on the merchant will choose a digital storefront rather than an e-marketplace, since a digital storefront is believed to be trustworthier than an e-marketplace, as it fulfills orders by itself rather than acting as an intermediary. The findings of the present research provide both academic and practical implications. The first academic implication is that enduring product involvement is a strong motivator of consumer responses, especially the selection of a merchant, in the context of electronic shopping. Secondly, academicians are advised to pay attention to the finding that an individual component or type of perceived risk can be used as an important research construct, since it would allow one to pinpoint the specific types of risk that are influenced by antecedents or that influence consequents. Meanwhile, our research provides implications useful for online merchants (both online storefronts and e-marketplaces). Merchants may develop strategies to attract consumers by managing perceived performance risk involved in purchase decisions, since it was found to have significant positive relationship with the level of trust required by a consumer on the part of the merchant. One way to manage performance risk would be to thoroughly examine the product before shipping to ensure that it has no deficiencies or flaws. Secondly, digital storefronts are advised to focus on symbolic goods (e.g., cars, cell phones, fashion outfits, and handbags) in which consumers are relatively more involved than others, whereas e- marketplaces should put their emphasis on non-symbolic goods (e.g., drinks, books, MP3 players, and bike accessories).

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이질적인 쇼핑몰 환경을 위한 온톨로지 기반 상품 매핑 방법론 (An Ontology-Driven Mapping Algorithm between Heterogeneous Product Classification Taxonomies)

  • 김우주;최남혁;최대우
    • 지능정보연구
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.33-48
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    • 2006
  • 의미 웹(Semantic Web)과 이에 대한 관련기술들은 웹을 통해 자유롭게 정보를 공유할 수 있는 새로운 지평을 마련해 주었다. 이를 토대로 온톨로지(Ontology)에 대한 연구 역시 활발히 진행되어 왔으며, 결과적으로 온톨로지는 여러 가지 측면에서 가시적인 성과들을 이룩해 낼 수 있었다. 의미 웹에 대한 기대가 고조되면서, 온톨로지는 많은 연구 학자들로부터 각광을 받는 분야로 떠오를 수 있었으며, 오늘날, 이러한 온톨로지에 대한 연구는 지식표현Knowledge-Representation)등과 같은 학술적인 단계에서 벗어나 전자상거래 분야까지 그 영역을 넓혀 나가고 있다. 그러나 일부에서는 이러한 온톨로지의 양산으로 인해 발생할 문제들에 대한 우려의 목소리가 적지 않다. 즉, 현재 온톨로지들은 서로간의 이질성으로 인해 그 효용 가치를 위협받고 있다는 것이다. 예를 들어, 현재 Yahoo나 DMOZ Open Directory(www.(dmoz.org)등으로부터 제공 중인 상품 카테고리의 경우, 시각적으로는 유사해 보일지 모르나 그들이 지닌 카테고리 구조라든지 사용된 용어 등을 살펴보면 상당한 차이점이 존재한다는 사실을 발견해 낼 수 있다. 따라서 현재 온톨로지가 지향하는 본래의 효용 가치를 극대화시키기 위해서는 이러한 이질성을 극복할 수 있는 방법론이 반드시 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 온톨로지 분야에서 가장 커다란 이슈로 떠오르고 있는 정보통합에 대한 해결책을 제시해 보고자 한다. 정보통합이란, 서로 이질적인 프로그래밍 언어나 형식으로 이루어진 데이터들을 통합하여 요약한 형태로 제공하는 기술이라 정의 내릴 수 있다. 이러한 정보 통합의 대표적인 분야로 Merging, Alignment, Translation, Articulation을 들 수 있는데, 이 가운데, 본 연구에서는 "Ontology Alignment"에 대해 집중적으로 다루어 보고자 한다. 이와 더불어, 현재 의미 웹이 지향하는 대표적인 특성 중 하나로써 상호운영성을 꼽을 수 있다. 온톨로지 매핑(Ontology mapping)은 이러한 상호운영성을 지원하기 위한 대표적인 기술로써 각광을 받고 있다. 따라서 우리는 이러한 온톨로지 매핑에 대한 방법론을 쇼핑몰 환경에 적용함으로써 서로 이질적인 상품 카테고리로 구성된 두 쇼핑몰간의 상품에 대한 매핑 알고리즘(Mapping Algorithm)을 제안하고자 한다. 또한, 효용성 검증을 위하여 온톨로지 매핑에 있어 이미 효용성을 검증 받은 PROMPT와의 비교 분석도 수행하여 본다.

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소비자간 전자상거래를 위한 속성효용기반 자동협상 방법론의 개발 (Attribute Utility-Based Negotiation Agent Methodology for Customer-To-Customer Electronic Commerce)

  • 송용욱;홍준석;김우주
    • 지능정보연구
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.73-89
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    • 2004
  • 인터넷의 발전과 더불어 사람들이 더 많은 상품 정보에 접근할 수 있게 됨에 따라, 소비자 간(C2C) 전자시장의 거래 규모도 더욱 빨리 성장하고 있다. 시장 경제의 활성화를 위한 소비자 간 전자상거래의 역할이 더욱 강조됨에 따라 소비자 간 전자상거래를 효율적으로 지원할 수 있는 지능형 에이전트 시스템을 개발하기 위해 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 대부분의 이러한 연구들은 단순히 시간 흐름에 따라 동일한 상품의 가격만을 협상하는 것에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 협상의 대상을 서로 다른 유사한 상품으로 확장하기 위하여 고객은 가격 외에도 배송 시간이나 결제 방법 등 거래 행위와 관련된 속성까지 포함한 상품의 다양한 속성들에 대하여 협상할 수 있어야 한다. 이 요건을 만족시키기 위해, 본 연구에서는 고객을 대행하는 에이전트가 판매자 및 구매자 양측의 효용을 높이기 위해 가격 외에도 상품 및 거래의 다양한 속성들에 대해 협상할 수 있는 자동협상 방법론과 이러한 방법론을 적용하는데 기반이 되는 에이전트 마켓플레이스를 제안한다. 제안된 e-마켓플레이스와 에이전트를 지원하기 위한 프로토콜과 관련된 시스템 구조들도 동시에 개발하였다.

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국제전자상무중적영소표준화화공사표현(国际电子商务中的营销标准化和公司表现) (Marketing Standardization and Firm Performance in International E.Commerce)

  • Fritz, Wolfgang;Dees, Heiko
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.37-48
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    • 2009
  • 市场营销的标准化已经成为有关国际市场营销的研究中最为关注的焦点之一. 全球营销这个术语常被定义为以国外市场的共同性为前提的国际标准化的营销战略. 营销标准化仅在传统的实体市场交易场所的背景中被讨论. 自从上个世纪90年代起, 联网上的电子市场交易场所开始兴起, 并成为全球化过程中为全球营销活动标准化开拓新机会的最重要的动力之一. 另一方面, 消费者由于更大程度的接受互联网而可能产生与标准化相比更高水平的定制化和产品的差异化, 这样的观点也很流行. 考虑这个分歧, 在全球电子商务的背景下关注营销标准化的综合的研究不能达到一定高度的这种情况值得注意. 在这个背景下, 本研究提出了两个基本研究问题: (1) 在国际电子商务中公司多大程度标准化了他们的营销? (2) 营销的标准化对公司的表现(或成功)有没有影响? 根据文献回顾提出了下列研究假设: H1: 从事国际电子商务的公司为营销标准化做了更多的准备. H2: 营销标准化在帮助公司在国际电子商务中获得成功的方面发挥积极的作用. H3: 在国际电子商务中, 营销组合标准化在公司获得经济的和非经济的成功方面比营销过程标准化发挥更积极的作用. H4: 国际电子商务公司获得非经济的成功越大, 获得经济的成功也越大. 本研究的数据是通过在2005年2月到4月间进行问卷调查获得的. 本调查包括了德国各种产业中的国际电子商务公司和国外电子商务公司驻德国的所有总部和分公司. 801家公司中的118家回复了问卷. 本研究为结构方程模型, 使用PLS‐Graph3.0版本中的偏最小二乘法. 数据分析结果支持所有的4个研究假设. 结果表明, 从事国际电子商务的公司在商标, 网页设计, 产品定位和产品项目上的标准化很高. 这些公司打算未来在营销组合标准化方面加大努力. 另外, 他们想提高营销过程标准化的水平, 尤其是和信息系统, 企业语言和在线营销控制程序一起. 在本研究中, 营销标准化对企业在国际电子商务中的表现起到了积极全面的影响. 营销组合的标准化在非经济的成功方面比营销过程的标准化发挥更积极的影响. 相反, 营销过程的标准化在经济的成功方面发挥了较积极的作用. 另外, 我们的结果明确的支持了在国际电子商务中非经济的成功和经济的成功是高度相关的这一假设. 实证结果表明, 国际电子商务公司的成功与营销标准化高度相关. 但营销组合和销售过程标准化以不同的方式帮助企业的经济和非经济的成功. 结果表明, 公司在互联网上使营销组合的众多因素标准化. 这种做法在一定程度上违背了 "划分标准化" 的经营理念, 认为营销组合的一些因素应该适应本土化, 其他的应该国际标准化. 而且, 发现表明, 相比一个特定的营销组合元素的标准化, 整体标准化营销为成功带来更积极的总体影响.

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장비협업도를 활용한 상황인식 시스템에 대한 구조적 평가 방법론 (A Structured Methodology with Device Collaboration Diagram for Evaluating Context-Aware Systems)

  • 권오병;이남연
    • 지능정보연구
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.27-41
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    • 2007
  • 최근 들어서 상황인식 시스템은 차별화 된 전자 시장을 개척하기 위한 유망한 기술로 인정되고 있다. 상황인식 컴퓨팅을 통해 구현되는 시스템은 사용자의 현재 상황을 자동적으로 센싱하여 그의 환경을 자동적이고 심도 있게 이해함으로 이음매 없고 기민한 개인화 서비스를 제공하는 것이 목적이다. 이러한 목적을 달성함에 있어서 특정 정보시스템이 얼마나 상황 정보를 잘 인식하고 활용하느냐는 것이 매우 중요하겠다. 그러나 비록 상황인식 시스템의 수준에 대한 언급들은 그 동안 많이 이루어져왔지만 본격적이고 구조적인 평가 방법론이 제안되어오지는 못해왔다. 따라서 본 논문의 목적은 상황인식 시스템을 평가하기 위한 구조적인 방법을 다단계 방법론으로 제안하는 것이다. 제 1단계에서는 특정 정보시스템이 과연 상황인식 시스템으로 분류될 수 있는지를 평가하는 요건분석을 수행하고, 제 2단계로는 요건 분석을 통과한 시스템에 대해 장비협업정도, 이동성의 정도, 내재성의 정도라고 하는 세 가지 차원으로 평가하여 상황인식 시스템의 수준을 평가한다. 이를 위해서 시스템 아키텍처에 기반 한 장비협업도(Device Collaboration Diagram, DCD)라는 것을 제안하였다. 그리고 각 프로젝트의 개발전략을 도출하기 위해 시스템의 수준과 준비도라는 두 가지 차원으로 종합적 수준을 평가하였다. 또한 본 방법론의 가능성을 증명하기 위해 최근에 개발되고 있는 실제 프로젝트들을 대상으로 평가를 수행하였다.

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인지된 위험의 유형이 소비자 신뢰 및 온라인 구매의도에 미치는 영향 (The Impact of Perceived Risks Upon Consumer Trust and Purchase Intentions)

  • 홍일유;김우성;임병하
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.1-25
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    • 2011
  • Internet-based commerce has undergone an explosive growth over the past decade as consumers today find it more economical as well as more convenient to shop online. Nevertheless, the shift in the common mode of shopping from offline to online commerce has caused consumers to have worries over such issues as private information leakage, online fraud, discrepancy in product quality and grade, unsuccessful delivery, and so forth, Numerous studies have been undertaken to examine the role of perceived risk as a chief barrier to online purchases and to understand the theoretical relationships among perceived risk, trust and purchase intentions, However, most studies focus on empirically investigating the effects of trust on perceived risk, with little attention devoted to the effects of perceived risk on trust, While the influence trust has on perceived risk is worth studying, the influence in the opposite direction is equally important, enabling insights into the potential of perceived risk as a prohibitor of trust, According to Pavlou (2003), the primary source of the perceived risk is either the technological uncertainty of the Internet environment or the behavioral uncertainty of the transaction partner. Due to such types of uncertainty, an increase in the worries over the perceived risk may negatively affect trust, For example, if a consumer who sends sensitive transaction data over Internet is concerned that his or her private information may leak out because of the lack of security, trust may decrease (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), By the same token, if the consumer feels that the online merchant has the potential to profit by behaving in an opportunistic manner taking advantage of the remote, impersonal nature of online commerce, then it is unlikely that the merchant will be trusted, That is, the more the probable danger is likely to occur, the less trust and the greater need to control the transaction (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), In summary, a review of the related studies indicates that while some researchers looked at the influence of overall perceived risk on trust level, not much attention has been given to the effects of different types of perceived risk, In this context the present research aims at addressing the need to study how trust is affected by different types of perceived risk, We classified perceived risk into six different types based on the literature, and empirically analyzed the impact of each type of perceived risk upon consumer trust in an online merchant and further its impact upon purchase intentions. To meet our research objectives, we developed a conceptual model depicting the nomological structure of the relationships among our research variables, and also formulated a total of seven hypotheses. The model and hypotheses were tested using an empirical analysis based on a questionnaire survey of 206 college students. The reliability was evaluated via Cronbach's alphas, the minimum of which was found to be 0.73, and therefore the questionnaire items are all deemed reliable. In addition, the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) designed to check the validity of the measurement model indicate that the convergent, discriminate, and nomological validities of the model are all acceptable. The structural equation modeling analysis to test the hypotheses yielded the following results. Of the first six hypotheses (H1-1 through H1-6) designed to examine the relationships between each risk type and trust, three hypotheses including H1-1 (performance risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust), H1-2 (psychological risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) and H1-5 (online payment risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) were supported with path coefficients of -0.30, -0.27 and -0.16 respectively. Finally, H2 (trust ${\rightarrow}$ purchase intentions) was supported with relatively high path coefficients of 0.73. Results of the empirical study offer the following findings and implications. First. it was found that it was performance risk, psychological risk and online payment risk that have a statistically significant influence upon consumer trust in an online merchant. It implies that a consumer may find an online merchant untrustworthy if either the product quality or the product grade does not match his or her expectations. For that reason, online merchants including digital storefronts and e-marketplaces are suggested to pursue a strategy focusing on identifying the target customers and offering products that they feel best meet performance and psychological needs of those customers. Thus, they should do their best to make it widely known that their products are of as good quality and grade as those purchased from offline department stores. In addition, it may be inferred that today's online consumers remain concerned about the security of the online commerce environment due to the repeated occurrences of hacking or private information leakage. Online merchants should take steps to remove potential vulnerabilities and provide online notices to emphasize that their website is secure. Second, consumer's overall trust was found to have a statistically significant influence on purchase intentions. This finding, which is consistent with the results of numerous prior studies, suggests that increased sales will become a reality only with enhanced consumer trust.