• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this survey was to know the current states and future suggestions of orthopedic manual physical therapy (OMPT) system on Korea. Methods: Questionnaires were directly distributed to physical therapists who participated in the training and collected at the educational or clinical site. The questionnaire was sent and collected by E-mail. Data were classified into two groups, metropolitan and city, and clinical experience was grouped into four groups. Then, 337 subjects (male: 195, female: 142) were recruited from us. Results: The states of Korea, 72.1% of therapists have been executed orthopedic manual physical therapy, the fee of one treatment was 50,000 ~ 60,000 Korean won, the time of treatment was 21~30 minutes, the number of patients of one day was under 9. The suggestion of future orthopedic manual physical therapy of Korea, 83.4% of therapist were agreed with manual physical therapy system, the education center of certificate for manual therapist was manual therapy academic group, the career of clinical experiences was 3 years, the training hours was more 300 hours, academic degree was diploma. Conclusion: In the future orthopedic manual physical therapy proposal, the environment and education system differ from country to country, but Korean OMPT agreed to an accredited orthopedic manual physical therapy system and wanted systematic management.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.48-68
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• 2017

Manual elections processes in Egypt have several negative effects; that mainly leads to political corruption due to the lack of transparency. These issues negatively influence citizen's participation in the political life; while electronic voting systems aim to increase efficiency, transparency, and reduce the cost comparing to the manual voting. The main research objectives are, finding the successful factors that positively affects E-voting implementation in Egypt, in addition of finding out the reasons that keep Egyptian government far from applying E-voting, and to come up with the road map that Egyptian government has to take into consideration to successfully implement E-voting systems. The findings of the study suggest that there are seven independent variables affecting e-voting implementation which are; leadership, government willingness, legal framework, technical quality, awareness, citizen's trust in government and IT literacy. Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theory was used to provide an analytical framework for the study. A quantitative approach (i.e., survey questionnaire) strategy was used to collect data. A random sampling method was used to select the participants for the survey, whom are targeted voters in Egypt and have access to the internet, since the questionnaire was distributed online and the data is analyzed using regression analysis. Practical implications of this study will lead for more citizen participation in the political life due to the transparency that E-voting system will create, in addition to reduce the political corruption.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.441-449
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• 2018

본 연구는 캠핑장 안전사고에 대비한 행동 매뉴얼을 체계화하기 위한 연구다. 이를 위해 안전사고의 유형을 분석하고, 캠핑장 관련 법규 및 안전 기준을 검토했다. 이론적 검토를 통해서 문제점을 진단하고 등록기준 개선의 요소를 제시했다. 결국 '대비 행동 매뉴얼'의 체계화를 위해 예방 행동 매뉴얼과 대응 행동 매뉴얼의 일부를 개발했다. 구체적으로 살펴보면 안전사고 예방 행동 매뉴얼의 예는 첫째, 질식, 둘째, 교통사고, 셋째, 화재, 넷째, 전기사고로 구분했다. 사고 발생 빈도가 높은 사고별 이니셜로 "S.A.F.E."라는 구체적 행동 매뉴얼의 사례를 만들었다. 이에 세부적인 사항을 제시함으로써 사용자 입장에서 체계적 개발을 위한 구체적인 안을 제시했다. 또한, 안전사고 유형별 예방 행동과 대응 행동의 매뉴얼을 게시하는 것에 그치지 않고, 사용자가 숙지했다는 확인과정이 필요함을 강조했다. 후속연구로는 캠핑장 안전과 관련된 사례연구, 안전 관리 지표 개선, 캠핑장 관리자 및 안전요원의 전문성에 대한 연구를 제언했다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.374-381
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 $L{\ddot{o}}e$ & Silness의 치태지수를 사용하여 음파 칫솔과 일반 칫솔의 효과를 비교하는 것이다. 연세대학교 치과대학병원 소아치과에 내원한 전신질환이 없는 3-6세 어린이 34명을 대상으로 교차설계, 연구자에 대한 눈가림법을 사용한 무작위 대조군 연구가 진행되었다. 연구 참여자는 2개의 군으로 무작위로 나누어져 음파 칫솔과 일반 칫솔을 번갈아 2주씩 사용하였고, 칫솔질 전후 구강위생상태를 $L{\ddot{o}}e$ & Silness의 치태지수를 사용하여 측정하여 차이를 비교하였다. 음파 칫솔 사용 후 $0.26{\pm}0.28$, 일반 칫솔 사용 후 $0.09{\pm}0.22$의 치태지수 감소를 보였고, 이는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05). 성별과 나이에 따른 음파 칫솔의 치태 제거 효과는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p > 0.05). 연구 결과, 3-6세 어린이에서 음파 칫솔이 일반 칫솔에 비해 치태 제거 효과는 좋았고, 성별과 연령에 따른 치태 제거 효과의 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.377-386
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the disinfection efficacy of root canal irrigation method and irrigation solution in infected root canals. Access cavity were prepared in single-rooted extracted human teeth and each canals were prepared with step-back method and sterilized with ethylene oxide gas. Prepared teeth were experimentally inoculated in the canals for 30 minutes with four aerobes(Streptococcus mutans, Stapylococcus aures, Streptococcus sanguis, and E. coli) and two anaerobes(Streptoccus intermedius, and Clostrium perfringens). Normal saline, 3% $H_2O_2$, and 3% NaOCl were used as irrgation solutions. And root canals were irrigated with each irrigation solutions manually with disposible syringe or ultrasonic instument. (Apoza Uitrasonc, Taiwan). The irrigation effect on the eradication of S. aures and S. intermedius with normal saline was not similar between manual method and ultrasonic method. No significant differences were observed in the eradication of E. coli and C. perfringens among the irrigation solution and irrespective of the irrigation methods. In S. aurues and S. mutans, there was somewhat different eradication effect according to irrigation solutions, but there was no significant difference between manual method and ultrasonic methods. These results suggest that ultrasonic irrigation method with saline is more effective in some strains than manual irrigation.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.37.1-37.1
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• 2023

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the opinions of Korean medical doctors on how to elucidate possible remedial measures for expanding the health insurance benefits coverage item of Korean medicine (KM). Methods: An online survey was conducted to all members who had registered e-mail address in the association of Korean medicine from 1 to 17 November, 2016. Statistical analysis was performed and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were calculated by each subgroup. Results: A total of 743 members answered the questions and the response rate was 4.1%. The priorities for expanding health insurance benefits were as follows: thermographic imaging, Sasang constitution typing test, and pulse wave among examinations; pharamacopuncture, embedding acupuncture, and acupotomy among procedures; Chuna manual therapy, manual therapy for meridian muscle, and Daoyin exercise therapy among manual therapies; low-frequency electrical therapy, traction, paraffin bath, and light therapy among physical therapies; and aromatherapy, enema therapy, and color therapy among activities of KM. Conclusions: It should be covered by the national health insurance (NHI) of KM that thermographic imaging, pharmacoacupuncture, Chuna manual therapy, low-frequency electrical therapy, aromatherapy as a top priority. We also suggest that basic medical tests, such as blood, urine, or imaging, should be included in the coverage of the NHI of KM. It is necessary to review the expertise and public opinions about the plans and priorities for the conversion of the desired medical services to be covered by the NHI.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.197-200
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• 2013

Background: A variety of sociodemographic factors, such as gender, age, household income, and educational level, influence individuals' likelihood of smoking.Work-related factors may also be linked to smoking behavior.We sought to investigate the relationship between smoking and work environment in South Korea. Methods: We analyzed data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to determine whether there was an association between smoking and occupation type (e.g., manual, nonmanual, or service work), night-shift work, and hours worked/week (e.g., <40, 40-48, 49-60, or >60 hours) for 4,685 workers. Regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic variables such as age, recent alcohol consumption, hours slept, educational level, and household income. Results: The prevalence of smoking was 50.1% in men and 7.2% in women. For women, manual workers had 2.34 times [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-5.36] greater odds of smoking compared with nonmanual workers, whereas service workers had 2.37 times greater odds (95% CI: 1.28-4.40). Furthermore, women who worked 49-60 hours had 2.21 times greater odds of smoking (95% CI: 1.10-3.75) as compared with women who worked 40-48 hours. Conclusion: Women who work long hours or who are employed in service or manual positions are more likely to smoke. These results indicate a need in South Korea to target these specific groups when creating nonsmoking policies.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.777-780
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• 2005

The high vacuum in a electron beam lithography is basic condition, because electron beam vanish by collision with air molecules in generally atmosphere. To make high vacuum state, the vacuum control valve is essential. Most vacuum control valve are manual units. So, user of manual vacuum valve must have understanding vacuum process to change from low vacuum to high vacuum state. The user of electron beam lithography are troubled with operation of manual vacuum valve, in case the vacuum chamber is frequently open. In this paper, the design and performance test of auto vacuum control valve for electron beam lithography are described. With the auto vacuum control valve, the high vacuum level can reach 2.8E-5 Torr.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.461-466
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• 2005

With the growing traffic density and increasing comfort requirements, the automation of the drive train has gained importance in vehicles. The automatic clutch actuation relieves a driver especially in urban and stop-and-go traffic environments. In this paper, an electro-mechanical actuator for clutch-by-wire (CBW) system is implemented as the first stage for the development of automated manual transmissions. The prototype of the automatic clutch actuator is designed systematically, which is composed of the electric motor, worm and worm wheel, and crank mechanism. A test rig is developed to perform the basic function test for the automatic clutch actuation. The developed prototype is validated by the experimental results performed on the test rig.