• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제25권1_2호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2007

A graph G is called to be a 2-degree integral subgraph of a q-tree if it is obtained by deleting an edge e from an integral subgraph that is contained in exactly q - 1 triangles. An added-vertex q-tree G with n vertices is obtained by taking two vertices u, v (u, v are not adjacent) in a q-trees T with n - 1 vertices such that their intersection of neighborhoods of u, v forms a complete graph $K_{q}$, and adding a new vertex x, new edges xu, xv, $xv_{1},\;xv_{2},\;{\cdots},\;xv_{q-4}$, where $\{v_{1},\;v_{2},\;{\cdots},\;v_{q-4}\}\;{\subseteq}\;K_{q}$. In this paper we prove that a graph G with minimum degree not equal to q - 3 and chromatic polynomial $$P(G;{\lambda})\;=\;{\lambda}({\lambda}-1)\;{\cdots}\;({\lambda}-q+2)({\lambda}-q+1)^{3}({\lambda}-q)^{n-q-2}$$ with $n\;{\geq}\;q+2$ has and only has 2-degree integral subgraph of q-tree with n vertices and added-vertex q-tree with n vertices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 한국품질경영학회 1998년도 The 12th Asia Quality Management Symposium* Total Quality Management for Restoring Competitiveness
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• pp.11-20
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• 1998

This study investigates the current situation of the ISO 9000 manufacturing industry in Taiwan, analyzing the business influence of ISO 9000 and the relation of the influence to industry-related characteristics. The study utilized polling and was approached from six aspects, using 26 indicator items to evaluate performance. The six approaches consisted of business management, finance management, production management, human resources management, marketing management, and a company's overall situation. Methods used to analyze the collected data were mainly drawn from descriptive statistics e.g.. the T test and analysis of single factors with variation. The study found that $96.6\%$ of the industry thought that the introduction of the ISO 9000 series was somewhat beneficial. The 26 indicator items among the six approaches were proved substantially effective by the T test. It was obvious that the effect of the ISO 9000 series industry standard was beneficial and helpful to the manufacturing industry.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.535-543
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• 2020

Investors from the whole world are looking for those stock markets that are less affected by interest rates. Pakistan is a good place to invest and the investors from the whole world are considering Pakistan for future ventures. The current study, therefore, aims to analyze the factors affecting investors' decision making in Pakistan with the interaction effect of locus of control. The primary data are gathered from 300 respondents. Structural equation modelling (SEM-PLS) is used to analyze the interactions among variables. The study finds positive impact of availability and representative biases on investment decision making. The study could not find any moderating role of locus of control. The results imply that decisions made by Pakistani investors are driven by the most easily or currently available information and they trust on the information obtained from family and friends without any authentication and verification. One possible description of insignificant moderation effect of locus of control can be the sample traits used in the study, e.g., personal characteristics, that change from culture to culture. Another description of these findings may be the association between heuristic biases, including availability, representative and psychological biases and decision-making regarding investment is not personality specific.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.423-431
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• 2020

This study examines the cost and benefit (i.e., income) of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) rubber plantations in Thailand. The study attempts to identify the challenges to the implementation of FSC standards in rubber plantations in the country. A total of 60 rubber farmers in two Southern provinces, namely, Songkhla and Rayong, were interviewed through a standardized questionnaire to gather primary data. The study found that small-, medium- and large-sized FSC rubber plantations were worth investing in. All sizes of rubber plantations had similar values of benefit cost ratio (BCR). It was also found that the values of the discount payback period (DPP) of the three forms of FSC rubber plantations were 9-12 years, while the large rubber plantations had the highest internal rate of return (IRR) (19.0%). It implies that the large-size plantations had the highest values. The rubber farmers in the study area reported that they are facing a number of problems and hardships in implementing FSC standards, lacking knowledge and understanding of FSC, especially for preparing documentation. Therefore, the Thai government should take proper policy initiatives to remove all the problems and barriers in implementing FSC standards for the sustainable rubber production in the country.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2020

The domain of entrepreneurship has been dotted across various paradigms. Identifying and examining entrepreneurial intention and propensity to it spontaneously require the insight from the lens of psychological approach. The aim of this study is to examine the influence and impact of psychological factors on entrepreneurial intention; as it is found that in Bangladeshi context several entrepreneurship studies are undertaken, still the exploratory research on interplay between the psychological factors (i.e., self-confidence, locus of control, need for achievement, and tolerance for ambiguity) and entrepreneurial intention has been merely found. The study has chosen Bangladeshi university students as the unit of analysis and the ultimate sample size in this research is n=265. The current paper is a quantitative study where sampling method is followed by convenience sampling technique, and study data is collected through survey questionnaire. Data has been compiled into SPSS whereas, for hypotheses assessment, Smart PLS software is applied. The results reflect that self-confidence, locus of control, and need for achievement are revealed as contributory determinants of entrepreneurial intention while tolerance for ambiguity is found as an insignificant predictor. The current research is expected to offer an in-depth understanding about the significance of psychological factors in examining entrepreneurial intention.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.1159-1166
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• 2020

The religious organization members have a unique take on the spiritual factors related to their daily life. The present study contributed to the lack of discussion investigating this particular pool of data's financial behavior. This article regressed several predictors of economic behavior, i.e., the locus of control, financial attitude, income, and religiosity, with 460 respondents. The results of the research are as follows: Financial attitude partially influences the financial behavior of Muhammadiyah committee members. Income partially influences the financial behavior of Muhammadiyah committee members. This research indicates that income is one of the factors that plays an essential role in determining the merits of improvement of the financial behavior of Muhammadiyah committee members. The higher the level of income received by Muhammadiyah members, the higher the desire to spend the money. Religiosity partially influences the financial behavior of the religious board of Muhammadiyah members in Indonesia. The higher the religiosity of Muhammadiyah committee members will encourage better financial management. Religiosity indicates how often individuals or Muhammadiyah members practice the religious sharia that they embrace. The findings of this study reveal that locus of control, financial attitude, income, and religiosity are the strong predictors of the board of the religious organization's financial behavior in Indonesia.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2020

The neoclassical economic supporters have suggested that foreign direct investment and raw material (e.g., coal, electricity, gas, and oil) are critical economic growth inputs. Few previous studies have analyzed the relationship between foreign direct investment and energy consumption on economic growth. However, existing studies usually have applied the frequentist inference. The limitation of the frequentist inference is that, if the coefficient of the independent variable is not yet significant, then conclusions might be unreliable. By applying the Bayesian approach, the main aim of this study is to revisit the impact of foreign direct investment, electricity consumption, and urbanization on economic growth in six ASEAN countries from 1980 to 2016. The obtained outcome shows that the impact of electricity consumption is evident and positive on economic growth in both frequentist and Bayesian inferences. However, the influence of foreign direct investment is not identified by frequentist inference, while Bayesian inference provides evidence that foreign direct investment is a moderately positive impact on economic growth. The empirical result from Bayesian inference contributes to the literature on foreign direct investment modeling and could be of significant importance for a more efficient foreign direct investment attracting and achieve sustainability in the long-term.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2019

Under the Act No. 21 of 2008, Islamic banks in Indonesia as an intermediary institution are obligated to manage the resources simultaneously, the financial funds as well as the social funds, e.g. zakah, infaq, and sadaqah. This study aims to investigate the productivity change of social funds and financial funds of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Non-parametric tests of Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is applied to annual data from period 2012 to 2017, encompassing post-reform of banking authority from Bank Indonesia to The Financial Services Authority (OJK) at 2012. The samples are nine Islamic banks in Indonesia which were able to provide the data during observation period. The results indicate that social funds are more productive than financial funds and productivity change tends to trade off. The productivity of social funds is progressed by 8.2% while the financial funds is regressed by 5.4%. Overall, the productivity change of Islamic banks is influenced by technological aspect rather than the efficiency aspect. Besides, BRI Syariah is the best performer in managing financial funds while BCA Syariah as the best performer in social funds. It implies that the policymakers may strengthen the supervisory and coaching to increase the Islamic banks' productivity in both activities.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영정보학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.493-517
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to identify effect of communication strategy as effectively communication method which is decreasing Internet Web site users' perceived information privacy concerns as important factor affecting to positive behavior or behavioral intentions on long-term relational outcome perspectives. This study suggests alternatives concepts and causal relationship about information privacy issues. First, it addressed collaborative communication strategy (CCS) model of effective communication method for Web site's IPP to users. Second, it provided comparing and integrating streams of information privacy research on long-term relational outcomes perspective. Third, it assessed effectiveness of Web site's IPP on organization legitimacy ensured continuous survival of organization. A research model was proposed and subsequent hypotheses were empirically tested with partial least square (PLS) based on 684 responses from the users of 21 Internet Website among entirely finance, recruit, portal /e-store Web site. It was learned that CCS(as a communication method) and relationship quality(representing long-term relational outcomes)was positively associated with decreasing user's IPC more than privacy risk. Also, legitimacy to information privacy practice positively associated with willingness to information providing more than negative effect of IPC. Lastly, their association strength was partially moderated by the type of real information sensitivity.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2018

The article compares economic and environmental performance of Taipei and Almaty from the point of view of "green" economy, which is able to act as a key tool to ensure sustainable development of the region. As the comparison of the parameters of ecological and economic development of the Taipei and Almaty cities shows, they are similar in population size, but demonstrate completely different trends of sustainable development. Economic performance of the Taipei city is achieved with a decrease in the consumption of natural resources and the production of pollution, while the situation in Almaty is the opposite. Almaty maintains a high level of air pollution due to the use of coal in electricity production, as well as increased traffic and density of construction, including the southern part of the city, which is a zone for the transit of mountain air flows. The article discusses the activities jointly conducted by the Government of Taiwan and non-governmental organizations on environmental issues, as well as environmental NGOs, which resulted in significant improvements in the environmental field. Measures to stimulate the development and implementation of environmental innovations applied in the field of sustainable development in the city of Taipei can be adapted for the city of Almaty, where the environmental situation deteriorates year by year.