• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.109-117
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• 2021

The auditory-perceptual evaluation of speech-language pathologists (SLP) in patients with voice disorders is often regarded as a touchstone in the multi-dimensional voice evaluation procedures and provides important information not available in other assessment modalities. Therefore, it is necessary for the SLPs to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth evaluation of not only voice but also the overall speech production mechanism, and they often encounter various difficulties in the evaluation process. In addition, SLPs should strive to avoid bias during the evaluation process and to maintain a wide and constant spectrum of severity for each parameter of voice quality. Lastly, it is very important for the SLPs to perform a team approach by documenting and delivering important information pertaining to auditory-perceptual characteristics in an appropriate and efficient way through close communication with the laryngologists.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2024

Accidents or disease can lead to acquired voice dysphonia. In this case, we propose a new input interface based on eye movements to facilitate communication for patients. Unlike the existing method that presents the English alphabet as it is, we reorganized the layout of the alphabet to support the Korean alphabet and designed it so that patients can enter words by themselves using only eye movements, gaze, and blinking. The proposed interface not only reduces fatigue by minimizing eye movements, but also allows for easy and quick input through an intuitive arrangement. For natural communication, we also implemented a system that allows patients who are unable to speak to communicate with their own voice. The system works by tracking eye movements to record what the patient is trying to say, then using Glow-TTS and Multi-band MelGAN to reconstruct their own voice using the learned voice to output sound.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.435-442
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• 1996

Eagle's syndrome is the term given to symtomatic elogation of the styloid process or mineralization of the stylohyoid or stylomandibular ligament. Since ossification of stylohyoid ligament at cadeva was fist described by De Manchetis in 1652 and Weinlecher described clinical symptom which produced by elongated styloid process and osteotomy of styloid process in 1872, Clinical symtom which include sensation of a foreign body on the pharynx, dysphagai, dysphonia, referred pain, and mouth opening disturbance was termed by Eagle as Eagle's syndrome. then, case reports of Eagle's syndrome are presented. in these cases, the patient's chief complaints included periauricular radiating pain, mouth opening disturbance, foreign body sensation, dysphagia, tenderness on the neck. Through vairous X-ray examination and palpation of tonsillar fossa, elongated styloid process were confirmed. Under the general anesthesia there were successfully removed out via transoral approach technique, described by Eagle. after resented styloid process, they were freed from the symptoms without further complication. Therefor we reported these cases treated by surgical resection of styloid process with good results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : Vocal fold hemorrhage occur by blood accumulation in Reinke's space by vocal trauma. It is mostly asymptomatic, but in some cases it may cause severe dysphonia. It is often seen in patients who use their voice professionally. However, recent changes of life style affected the phonation in general population. We studied to know what are the causes and what are the major factors to affect the vocal fold hemorrhages. Materials and Methods : 19 subjects were evaluated by using of questionaire and laryngoscopic examinations. We evaluated the factors to lead the change in voice directly, underlying causes, occupations and laryngeal findings. Results : The direct causes of the vocal fold hemorrhages were clearing throat, talking, coughing and singing. Reflux laryngitis and upper respiratory infection were the underlying diseases. Vocal fold hemorrhages were developed during the menstruation in 5 patients. Accompanying functional voice disorders were seen in 13 patients, such as, vocal fold nodule, nodule with varix, vocal polyp, Reinke's edema. Patients with reflux laryngitis had the habits of clearing throat as the direct cause of the vocal fold hemorrhages and had hyperkinetic functional voice disorders. Voice abuse was the direct cause of the vocal fold hemorrhages in patients who was in the period of the menstruation. The most common site of the hemorrhage was at the membranous portion of the vocal folds. Conclusions : Authors thought the forceful laryngeal activity was the cause of the vocal fold hemorrhages. And reflux laryngitis and menstruation was the risk factors of the vocal fold hemorrhages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2004

Background and Objectives : This study is purposed to investigate the statistically significant discrimination model for predicting vocal fold nodule and polyp's lesional grade, with patients' background data and objective voice evaluation parameters. Materials and Method : The retrospective research was carried out at the Ewha Womans University Hospital. 122 patients' voice examination data had been selected, and lesion screening (Grade I, II, and III) was conducted by 2 ENT specialists, with each patient's vocal fold pictures achieved during the laryngoscopy examination. Results : The Lesional Grade Discrimination Model with which the lesional grade of vocal fold nodules and polyps could be predicted was derived by the ordinal logistic regression analysis (using SPSS 10.0). With this model the lesional grades of 73 out of 122 patients(59.8%) were correctly predicted to their formerly screened ones. Conclusion : This model applied the multivariate approach, which statistically combined these currently used parameters, Jitter, Shimmer, MFR, MPT, and patient's background data such as gender and dysphonia period. It might explain the status of benign lesion of vocal folds, and furthermore expect the physiological function of vocal folds.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2013

Botulinum toxin, a neurotoxin, is known to be an inhibitor of cholinergic neuromuscular transmission. Recently, it was reported that the administration of botulinum toxin is effective for the treatment of focal neurological motor disorders such as cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, spasmodic dysphonia, and writer's cramp. Several case studies reported that the botulinum toxin was administered for the treatment of motor tic or vocal tic. It was found that this toxin reduces the frequency and severity of the tic as well as the premonitory urge and symptoms. In our case study, a noticeable decrease of motor tic symptom was observed after an intramuscular injection of 300mg of botulinum toxin in an 18-year-old patient with Tourette's disorder who showed only a little improvement of motor tic and vocal tic symptoms after treatment with antipsychotic drugs for several years. This case is reported in our study and literature survey was undertaken for reviewing similar cases. In our study, an 18-year-old boy diagnosed with Tourette's disorder based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition presented with the following scores : the Clinical Global Impression scale, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (motor/vocal/severity), Premonitory Urge Score, Korean Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating scale, and Kovac Depression scale which were performed prior to the treatment were 5, 21/5/50, 100, 17, and 18 points, respectively. Two weeks after the injection of botulinum toxin, the scores were 4, 17/5/40, 50, 16, and 19 points, respectively. Eight weeks after the injection of botulinum toxin, they had become 3, 15/5/30, 25, 16, and 20 points, respectively, which clearly indicates a noticeable decrease of motor tic symptom.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : Dysphonia may be secondary to many different type of benign vocal cord lesions such as vocal polyp, vocal nodule, Reinke's edema, and intracordal cyst. Diagnosis and treatment of intracordal cysts are more difficult than other benign vocal cord lesions. But postoperative voice analysis of intracordal cyst have rarely been reported in the literature. The purpose of this study is to analyze aerodynamic and acoustic results and videostroboscopic findings before and after laryngomicrosurgery. Materials and Methods : We reviewed the pre and post-operative voice analysis results and videostroboscopic findings of 15 surgically treated patients of intracordal cysts at Severance hospital from Jun. 1997 to Nov. 1999 retrospectively. They were diagnosed with videostroboscopic findings, surgical findings, and pathologic reports. Their pre and post-operative speech were analyzed with MDVP(Multi Dimension Voice Analysis Program) of CSL(Computerized Speech Lab) and Aerophone II. Their pre and post-operative mucosal wave of true vocal cord was analyzed with videostroboscopy. In order to compare this results with normal group, 10 of normal persons were evaluated with same methods. Results : After the operation, mucosal wave of true vocal cord was improved in all patients. Postoperative acoustic and aerodynamic results were improved in almost parameters, but they did not reach the normal value. Conclusions : Videostroboscopy was essential in diagnosing intracordal cysts. By comparing the acoustic and aerodynamic results and video-stroboscopic findings before and after the laryngomicrosurgery, postoperative vocal function was defined more accurately and objectively. Almost parameters may be useful in assessing the quantitative changes in vocal quality before and after the laryngomicrosurgery.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2291-2295
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• 2016

Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting HER 2 receptors have emerged as an important therapeutic approach in inhibition of downstream proliferation and survival signals for the treatment of breast cancers. Recent drug discovery efforts have demonstrated that naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds like delphinidin have potential to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of breast cancer cells by targeting HER2 receptors. While delphinidin may thus reduce tumour size, it is associated with serious side effects like dysphonia. Owing to the narrow therapeutic window of delphinidin, the present study aimed to identify high affinity compounds targeting HER2 with safer pharmacological profiles than delphinidin through virtual screening approaches. Delphinidin served as the query parent for identification of structurally similar compounds by Tanimoto-based similarity searching with a threshold of 95% against the PubChem database. The compounds retrieved were further subjected to Lipinski and Verber's filters to obtain drug like agents, then further filtered by diversity based screens with a cut off of 0.6. The compound with Pubchem ID: 91596862 was identified to have higher affinity than its parent. In addition it also proved to be non-toxic with a better ADMET profile and higher kinase activity. The compound identified in the study can be put to further in vitro drug testing to complement the present study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2011

Background and Objectives : Vocal fold paresis is a clinical condition and considered as a continuum of neurologic dysfunction encompassing partial denervation and variable degrees and patterns of reinnervation. Its incidence, clinical presentation, significance are incompletely understood and still debated. This study describes the clinical, electromyographic findings in patients who presented with complaints of dysphonia and whose laryngoscopic finding revealed vocal fold paresis. Materials and Method : 47 patients (male : 25, female : 22) who referred to Ewha Womans University Medical Center Voice clinic for evaluation of vocal complaints were enrolled in this study. All patients had undergone a through history and physical examination including strobovideoscopic and laryngoscopic examination. Patients with in the history and/or laryngoscopic examination suggestive of vocal fold paresis were evaluated by laryngeal electromyography (LEMG). Results : Of these patients, 23 (48.9%) were found to have evidence of neuropathy on LEMG. There was no significant difference in voice symptoms and laryngoscopic findings between two groups of patients with evidence of neuropathy and who show normal findings on LEMG. Conclusion : LEMG can clinically help to guide the evaluation and management of vocal fold paresis. Due to some limitations of LEMG, laryngoscopic findings and clinical correlations should also be considered when diagnosing the vocal fold paresis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2008

Background and Objectives : Benign neoplasms of the larynx are rare, and papillomas account for approximately 90% of these neoplasms. Other benign neoplasms of the larynx are very rare and form a hetergenous group. We present clinical manifestations of unusual benign neoplasms based on our experiences and review of literatures. Materials and Method : We reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of 14 patients with benign neoplasms of the larynx, excluding papillomas, that were examined in our department during 11-year period from 1995 to 2006. Results : The presenting symptom was most commonly progressive dysphonia. Pathologic diagnosis revealed 5 cases of hemangioma, 3 granular cell tumor, 2 amyloidosis, 2 laryngocele, 1 schwannoma, 1 chondroma. Subsites of the neoplasms were 5 in true vocal cord, 3 in arytenoids, 2 in false vocal cord, 2 in supraglottis, and others were subglottis ; aryepiglottic fold. Treatment was surgical, by a external approach in 1 case of chondroma, and by laryngoscopic approach in other cases. In laryngoscopic approach, carbon dioxide laser was used in 10 cases. Postoperative course was satisfactory. Recurrence was encountered in I case of amyloidosis and revision operation was done 3 times. No recurrence was encountered in other cases. Conclusion : Uncommon benign neoplasms of the larynx require high index of suspicion and histological confirmation. Complete excision with an attempt to maintain normal structures generally results in cure.