• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 2013

연약지반을 개량하기 위한 심층혼합처리공법과 같은 다양한 공법은 지반보강을 위하여 그라우트를 광범위하게 사용하고 있다. 반복하중 및 동하중을 받는 지반-구조물계의 설계에 사용되는 중요한 동적변수는 사질토 및 화강풍화토, 암시편에 관하여 많이 연구 발표되었다. 하지만 그라우트로 보강된 지반에 대한 내진설계 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 공진주시험기를 이용하여 점성토와 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트의 함수비와 그라우트 주입률의 변화에 따른 전단변형률과 전단탄성계수의 상관관계를 Ramberg-Osgood Model로 정규화하여 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 동적계수는 함수비와 그라우트 주입율에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.805-814
• /
• 2008

This study focused on the resilient modulus prediction model, which is the functions of mean effective principal stress and axial strain, for three types of railroad trackbed materials such as crushed stone, weathered soil, and crushed-rock soil mixture. The model is composed with the maximum Young's modulus and nonlinear values for higher strain in parallel with dynamic shear modulus. The maximum values is modeled by model parameters, $A_E$ and the power of mean effective principal stress, $n_E$. The nonlinear portion is represented by modified hyperbolic model, with the model parameters of reference strain, ${\varepsilon}_r$ and curvature coefficient, a. To assess the performance of the prediction models proposed herein, the elastic response of a test trackbed near PyeongTaek, Korea was evaluated using a 3-D nonlinear elastic computer program (GEOTRACK) and compared with measured elastic vertical displacement during the passages of freight and passenger trains. The material types of sub-ballasts are crushed stone and weathered granite soil, respectively. The calculated vertical displacements within the sub-ballasts are within the order of 0.6mm, and agree well with measured values with the reasonable margin. The prediction models are thus concluded to work properly in the preliminary investigation.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.1404-1414
• /
• 2008

In the mechanistic-empirical trackbed design of railways, the resilient modulus is the key input parameter. This study focused on the resilient modulus prediction model, which is the functions of mean effective principal stress and axial strain, for three types of railroad trackbed materials such as crushed stone, weathered soil, and crushed-rock soil mixture. The model is composed with the maximum Young's modulus and nonlinear values for higher strain in parallel with dynamic shear modulus. The maximum values is modeled by model parameters, $A_E$ and the power of mean effective principal stress, $n_E$. The nonlinear portion is represented by modified hyperbolic model, with the model parameters of reference strain, ${\varepsilon}_r$ and curvature coefficient, a. To assess the performance of the prediction models proposed herein, the elastic response of a test trackbed near PyeongTaek, Korea was evaluated using a 3-D nonlinear elastic computer program (GEOTRACK) and compared with measured elastic vertical displacement during the passages of freight and passenger trains. The material types of sub-ballasts are crushed stone and weathered granite soil, respectively. The calculated vertical displacements within the sub-ballasts are within the order of 0.6mm, and agree well with measured values with the reasonable margin. The prediction models are thus concluded to work properly in the preliminary investigation.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.681-692
• /
• 2020

Conventional Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters (CPEH) have been extensively studied for maximizing their electrical output through material selection, geometric and structural optimization, and adoption of efficient interface circuits. In this paper, the performance of Stepped Piezoelectric Energy Harvester (SPEH) under harmonic base excitation is studied analytically, numerically and experimentally. The motivation is to compare the energy harvesting performance of CPEH and SPEHs with the same characteristics (resonant frequency). The results of this study challenge the notion of achieving higher voltage and power output through incorporation of geometric discontinuities such as step sections in the harvester beams. A CPEH consists of substrate material with a patch of piezoelectric material bonded over it and a tip mass at the free end to tune the resonant frequency. A SPEH is designed by introducing a step section near the root of substrate beam to induce higher dynamic strain for maximizing the electrical output. The incorporation of step section reduces the stiffness and consequently, a lower tip mass is used with SPEH to match the resonant frequency to that of CPEH. Moreover, the electromechanical coupling coefficient, forcing function and damping are significantly influenced because of the inclusion of step section, which consequently affects harvester's output. Three different configurations of SPEHs characterized by the same resonant frequency as that of CPEH are designed and analyzed using linear electromechanical model and their performances are compared. The variation of strain on the harvester beams is obtained using finite element analysis. The prototypes of CPEH and SPEHs are fabricated and experimentally tested. It is shown that the power output from SPEHs is lower than the CPEH. When the prototypes with resonant frequencies in the range of 56-56.5 Hz are tested at 1 m/s2, three SPEHs generate power output of 482 μW, 424 μW and 228 μW when compared with 674 μW from CPEH. It is concluded that the advantage of increasing dynamic strain using step section is negated by increase in damping and decrease in forcing function. However, SPEHs show slightly better performance in terms of specific power and thus making them suitable for practical scenarios where the ratio of power to system mass is critical.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2005

최근 들어 섬유혼합토가 도로 및 철도의 성토노반, 기층재료로 활용되기 시작하여 섬유혼합토의 변형특성에 대한 연구가 필요하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 공진주시험을 통하여 섬유혼합토의 거동특성과 보강효과를 평가하였다. 여러 가지 입도의 사질토에 폴리프로필렌(polypropylene) 재질의 단섬유(staple fiber)를 중량비 0.3%로 혼합하여 시료를 성형하였다. 섬유혼합토의 최대전단변형계수는 양입도일수록 증가해, 비혼합토에 비해 최대 30%까지 증가하였다. 양입도의 전단변형계수는 빈입도보다 모든 전단변형률 범위에서 구속압에 관계없이 더 커, 양입도일수록 보강효과가 좋은 것으로 평가되었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제26권4A호
• /
• pp.587-596
• /
• 2006

한국 철도교량의 약 46%를 차지하고 있는 강판형교는 노후화 및 진행성 열화로 인해 유지보수에 많은 비용과 노력이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강철도교의 다양한 열화조건 중에서 이음부위의 볼트탈락현상을 비파괴 검사방법인 파전달을 이용하여 감지하는 과정을 유한요소해석을 통해 구현하고자 한다. 충격전압이 PZT 패치에 입력되고 이에 의해 발생된 판파(plate wave)인 비대칭 Lamb파의 전달과정을 해석하고 전달시간(time of flight)의 차이와 전달된 에너지(wavelet coefficient)의 변화를 통하여 손상여부와 손상정도 등을 확인하였다. 3차원 유한요소 상세모델을 통해 기본 모드해석, 열린회로(open circuit loop) 동적이력해석을 실행하였고 각 손상 시나리오에 따라 기존 실험결과와 비교분석을 하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제19권10호
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 2020

In general, tires require various sensors and power supply devices, such as batteries, to obtain information such as pressure, temperature, acceleration, and the friction coefficient between the tire and the road in real time. However, these sensors have a size limitation because they are mounted on a tire, and their batteries have limited usability due to short replacement cycles, leading to additional replacement costs. Therefore, vibration energy harvesting technology, which converts the dynamic strain energy generated from the tire into electrical energy and then stores the energy in a power supply, is advantageous. In this study, the output voltage and power generated from piezoelectric elements are predicted through finite element analysis under static state and transient state conditions, taking into account the dynamic characteristics of tires. First, the tire and piezoelectric elements are created as a finite element model and then the natural frequency and mode shapes are identified through modal analysis. Next, in the static state, with the piezoelectric element attached to the inside of the tire, the voltage distribution at the contact surface between the tire and the road is examined. Lastly, in the transient state, with the tire rotating at the speeds of 30 km/h and 50 km/h, the output voltage and power characteristics of the piezoelectric elements attached to four locations inside the tire are evaluated.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.153-173
• /
• 2017

An improved method is presented to estimate the axial force of a bar member with vibrational measurements based on modified Timoshenko beam theory. Bending stiffness effects, rotational inertia, shear deformation, rotational inertia caused by shear deformation are all taken into account. Axial forces are estimated with certain natural frequency and corresponding mode shape, which are acquired from dynamic tests with five accelerometers. In the paper, modified Timoshenko beam theory is first presented with the inclusion of axial force and rotational inertia effects. Consistent mass and stiffness matrices for the modified Timoshenko beam theory are derived and then used in finite element simulations to investigate force identification accuracy under different boundary conditions and the influence of critical axial force ratio. The deformation coefficient which accounts for rotational inertia effects of the shearing deformation is discussed, and the relationship between the changing wave speed and the frequency is comprehensively examined to improve accuracy of the deformation coefficient. Finally, dynamic tests are conducted in our laboratory to identify progressive axial forces of a steel plate and a truss structure respectively. And the axial forces identified by the proposed method are in good agreement with the forces measured by FBG sensors and strain gauges. A significant advantage of this axial force identification method is that no assumption on boundary conditions is needed and excellent force identification accuracy can be achieved.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제29권8호
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2013

굵은 자갈 이상의 대입경 입자를 포함하는 조립질 지반재료는 댐, 제방, 철도 등 대형 지반구조물의 성토 및 채움재료로 널리 사용되며, 이러한 구조물의 동적 해석을 위해서는 축조재료의 변형특성에 대한 엄밀한 평가가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 대입경 조립재료의 동적 변형특성 평가를 위하여 지름 200mm, 높이 400mm의 공시체에 대한 시험이 가능하도록 개발된 대형 공진주시험기를 활용하여 댐 축조용 사력재의 최대전단탄성계수, 전단탄성계수감소곡선 및 감쇠비를 평가하였으며, 재료의 최대입경과 균등계수와 같은 입도분포특성이 재료의 변형특성에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 재료의 입경이 동적 변형특성에 미치는 영향을 평가한 결과, 동일한 균등계수에서 평균입경의 범위에 따른 전단탄성계수감소곡선에 차이가 발생함을 확인하였다. 동일한 최대입경에 대하여 균등계수를 달리하는 경우 균등계수에 따라 최대전단탄성계수의 구속압 영향계수가 증가함을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 조립재료의 입도 특성 중 최대입경은 전단탄성계수감소곡선을, 균등계수는 미소변형영역의 구속압 영향계수에 대한 영향요소임을 확인하였으며, 조립재료의 동적 변형특성을 엄밀히 평가하기 위한 대형 공진주시험기의 효용성을 확인하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2006

지진해일 위험재해도의 작성과 재해경감대책 수립을 위해서는 연안역의 상세한 수심 및 지형을 이용한 시뮬레이션이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Beowulf 병렬계산을 통해 동해 전 영역에서 정밀산정이 가능한 병렬유한요소모형을 이용하여 1993년 7월 12일 동해안에 내습한 지진해일에 대한 시뮬레이션을 수행하고, 그 계산 결과와 관측치와의 비교결과를 제시한다. 또한, 해안에서의 지진 해일고의 통계적 분포에 대해 논하며, 해안에서의 지진해일고의 파고분포가 전반적으로 대수정규분포를 따르는 경향을 제시하였다.