• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.123-132
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• 1985

기초지반(基礎地盤)의 유연성(柔軟性)은 구조물의 지진응답(地震應答)에 지대한 영향(影響)을 미치게 된다. 본 연구(硏究)에서는 지반(地盤)에 대한 상부구조물(上部構造物)의 상대강도(相對剛度)가 지반(地盤)-구조물(構造物) 상호작용(相互作用)에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 해석(解析)모델로서는 기초(基礎)슬래브의 형태와 규격은 동일하지만 상부구조(上部構造)의 강성(剛性)이 상대적으로 큰 전단벽구조(剪斷壁構造)와 강성(剛性)이 작은 뼈대 구조(構造)로 된 건물에 대하여 지반과 연계(連繫)된 집중질량(集中質量)모델을 작성하였으며, 운동방정식(運動方程式)의 해석을 위해서는 Roesset의 모드감쇠(減衰)(Modal Damping)를 이용하는 모드중첩법(重疊法)을 사용하였다. 연구결과(硏究結果), 전단벽구조물(剪斷壁構造物)의 경우 대부분의 지반조건에 대하여 지반(地盤)-구조물(構造物) 상호작용(相互作用)의 영향이 현저하게 나타나는 반면 뼈대구조물(構造物)의 경우 유연성지반(柔軟性地盤)을 제외하고는 지반(地盤)-구조물(構造物) 상호작용(相互作用)의 영향이 공학적(工學的)으로 무시될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또 지반(地盤)-구조물(構造物) 상호작용(相互作用)의 영향이 증가(增加)할수록 구조물 상부(上部)에서의 지진응답(地震應答)이 감소(減少)하는 반면 구조물 하부(下部)에서의 지진응답(地震應答)은 오히려 증가(增加)한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2021

본 논문은 반복하중을 받는 원형 철근콘크리트 교각 외부에 강판 보강을 적용한 경우, 교각의 성능 향상도를 정량적으로 평가하였다. 범용 유한 요소해석프로그램인 ABAQUS의 다양한 3차원 요소를 적용하여 교각 구조물을 해석하였다. 비탄성, 비선형 해석 변수로는 강판 보강 높이와 교각 높이 비, 강판 보강 두께와 교각 지름 비를 적용하였다. 교각 하부는 고정단으로 고려하였으며, 하중은 교각 상단에 횡 방향 반복하중을 가력하였다. 하중-변위 곡선, 응력-변형률 곡선, 연성도, 에너지 흡수 능력을 고려하여 보강에 따른 교각의 내진 성능 향상도를 평가하였다. 강판으로 보강한 원형철근콘크리트 교각은 보강재로 인한 외부 콘크리트 구속 효과로 인해 기둥의 항복 하중과 극한하중이 평균 3.76배 증가하였고, 에너지 흡수능력은 최대 4배 증가하였다. 소성 힌지가 발생하는 교각 하부 부분만 보강하여도 연성도가 크게 향상되었으며 강판의 두께가 두꺼울수록 에너지 흡수 능력이 가장 큰 값을 나타내었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 원형철근콘크리트 교각의 외부 강판 보강을 통하여 교각의 구조 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 정량적으로 확인할 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.117-133
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• 2014

Natural vibration of truss cable structures is analyzed based upon the general structural analysis software ANSYS, energy variational method and Rayleigh method, the calculated results of three methods are compared, from which the characteristics of free-vibration are obtained. Moreover, vertical seismic response analysis of truss cable structures is carried out via time-history method. Introducing three natural earthquake waves calculated the results including time-history curve of vertical maximal displacement, time-history curve of maximal internal force. Variation curve of maximal displacement of node along span, and variation curve of maximal internal force of member along span are presented. The results show the formulas of frequencies for truss cable structures obtained by energy variational method are of high accuracy. Furthermore, the maximal displacement and the maximal internal force occur near the 1/5 span point. These provide convenient and simple design method for practical engineering.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2015

Detailed finite element (FE) analyses of a full-scale four-story steel frame structure, subjected to consecutive 60% and 100% excitations from the JR Takatori records during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake, are conducted using E-Simulator. The four-story frame was tested at the largest shake-table facility in the world, E-Defense, in 2007. E-Simulator is a parallel FE analysis software package developed to accurately simulate structural behavior up to collapse by using a fine mesh of solid elements. To reduce computational time in consecutive dynamic time history analyses, static analysis with gravity force is introduced to terminate the vibration of the structure during the analysis of 60% excitation. An overall sway mechanism when subjected to 60% excitation and a story mechanism resulting from local buckling of the first-story columns when subjected to 100% excitation are simulated by using E-Simulator. The story drift response to the consecutive 60% and 100% excitations is slightly smaller than that for the single 100% excitation.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.435-455
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• 2012

In the recent years, rehabilitation of structures, strengthening and increasing the ductility of them under seismic loads have become so vital that many studies has been carried out on the retrofit of steel and concrete members so far. Bridge piers are very important members concerning rehabilitation, in which the plastic hinging zone is very vulnerable. Pier is usually confined by special stirrups predicted in the design procedure; moreover, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) jackets are used after construction to confine the pier. FRP wrapping of the piers is one of the most effective ways of increasing moment and ductility capacity of them, which has a growing application due to its relative advantages. In many earthquake-resistant bridges, reinforced concrete columns have a major defect which could be retrofitted in different ways like using FRP. After rehabilitation, it is important to check the strengthening adequacy by dynamic nonlinear analysis and precise modeling of material properties. If the plastic hinge properties are simplified for the strengthened members, as the simplified properties which FEMA 356 proposes for non-strengthened members, static nonlinear analysis could be performed more easily. Current paper involves this matter and it is intended to determine the plastic hinge properties for static nonlinear analysis of the FRP-strengthened circular columns.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2018

Damping ratio and frequency have influence on dynamic serviceability or instability such as vortex-induced vibration and displacement amplification due to earthquake and critical flutter velocity, and it is thus important to make determination of damping ratio and frequency accurate. As bridges are getting longer, small scale model test considering similitude law must be conducted to evaluate damping ratio and frequency. Analysis conditions modified by similitude law are applied to experimental test considering different scale ratios. Generally, Nyquist frequency condition based on natural frequency modified by similitude law has been used to determine sampling rate for different scale ratios, and total time length has been determined by users arbitrarily or by considering similitude law with respect to time for different scale ratios. However, Nyquist frequency condition is not suitable for multimode system with noisy signals. In addition, there is no specified criteria for determination of total time length. Those analysis conditions severely affect accuracy of damping ratio. The focus of this study is made on the determination of minimum analysis conditions for different scale ratios. Influence of signal to noise ratio is studied according to the level of noise level. Free initial value problem is proposed to resolve the condition that is difficult to know original initial value for free vibration. Ambient and free vibration tests were used to analyze the dynamic properties of a system using data collected from tests with a two degree-of-freedom section model and performed on full bridge 3D models of cable stayed bridges. The free decay is estimated with the stochastic subspace identification method that uses displacement data to measure damping ratios under noisy conditions, and the iterative least squares method that adopts low pass filtering and fourth order central differencing. Reasonable results were yielded in numerical and experimental tests.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

다자유도 시스템의 내진 성능을 평가하기 위해서는 반복적인 비선형 시간 이력 해석이 필요하며 이를 위해 많은 계산과정과 노력이 필요하다. 이와 같이 해석에 따르는 어려움을 보완하기 위해 복잡한 다자유도 시스템을 반영할 수 있는 등가 단자유도 시스템을 개발하였다. 등가 단자유도의 이력 모델로는 일반적으로 이선형 모델과 삼선형 모델이 사용된다. 이러한 모델은 탄성 거동 이후 음강성을 가질 수 있도록 하여 지진 발생 시 중력하중에 의한 발생되는 효과를 반영하기 위해서이다. 본 연구에서는 철골모멘트 골조의 실제 응답을 예측하기 위하여 이러한 이력 모델들로 거동하는 등가단자유도 시스템의 필요조건에 대하여 평가하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 로스엔젤레스 지역의 SAC 9층 모멘트 저항 골조를 비선형 다자유도 시스템과 등가단자유도 시스템으로 모델링하여 반복하중 푸쉬오버 해석, 비선형 시간 이력해석 및 IDA(Incremental Dynamic Analysis)를 수행하여 비교 검토하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 강도저감 모델에 대해서도 평가를 수행하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2015

This study investigated the influence of probabilistic variability in stiffness and nonlinearity of soil on response of nuclear power plant (NPP) structure subjected to seismic loads considering the soil-structure interaction (SSI). Both deterministic and probabilistic methods have been employed to evaluate the dynamic responses of the structure. For the deterministic method, $SRP_{min}$ method given in USNRC SRP 3.7.2(2013) (envelope of responses using three shear modulus profiles of lower bound($G_{LB}$), best estimate($G_{BE}$) and upper bound($G_{UB}$)) and $SRP_{max}$ method (envelope of responses by more than three ground profiles within range of $G_{LB}{\leq}G{\leq}G_{UB}$) have been considered. The probabilistic method uses the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) that can capture probabilistic feature of soil stiffness defined by the median and the standard deviation. These analysis results indicated that 1) number of samples shall be larger than 60 to apply the probabilistic approach in SSI analysis and 2) in-structure response spectra using equivalent linear soil profiles considering the nonlinear behavior of soil medium can be larger than those based on low-strain soil profiles.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2003

최근 우리나라의 대도시에서는 주거와 상업기능을 동시에 갖는 복합용도의 건축물이 많이 건설되고 있는데, 이러한 건물은 대부분 하부골조에서 연층, 약층 또는 비틀림 비정형을 띠게 된다. 본 논문의 목적은 이러한 건물의 지진응답을 실험을 통해 관찰하는 것으로서 1:12 축소모델의 진동대 실험을 통해 다음과 같은 결론에 이르렀다. 1) 구조물의 불확실성으로 인한 우발비틀림을 예측하는 것은 정적해석에 의한 방법보다 동적해석에 의한 방법이 더 타당하였다. 2) 횡운동과 비틀림운동이 연관되어 있을 때, 전도모멘트는 지진방향 뿐만 아니라 지진방향에 수직인 방향으로도 상당부분 작용하였으며, 일반적인 해석프로그램에서 수행하는 모드해석법으로는 이와 같은 거동을 예측하기에 부적절하였다. 3) 모드형상과 BST 다이아그램을 통해 대상구조물과 같은 건물의 주요 진동모드와 파괴양상을 쉽게 예측할 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.246-258
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• 2016

The shield building of AP1000 was designed to protect the steel containment vessel of the nuclear reactor. Therefore, the safety and integrity must be ensured during the plant life in any conditions such as an earthquake. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of water in the water tank on the response of the AP1000 shield building when subjected to three-dimensional seismic ground acceleration. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics method (SPH) and finite element method (FEM) coupling method is used to numerically simulate the fluid and structure interaction (FSI) between water in the water tank and the AP1000 shield building. Then the grid convergence of FEM and SPH for the AP1000 shield building is analyzed. Next the modal analysis of the AP1000 shield building with various water levels (WLs) in the water tank is taken. Meanwhile, the pressure due to sloshing and oscillation of the water in the gravity drain water tank is studied. The influences of the height of water in the water tank on the time history of acceleration of the AP1000 shield building are discussed, as well as the distributions of amplification, acceleration, displacement, and stresses of the AP1000 shield building. Research on the relationship between the WLs in the water tank and the response spectrums of the structure are also taken. The results show that the high WL in the water tank can limit the vibration of the AP1000 shield building and can more efficiently dissipate the kinetic energy of the AP1000 shield building by fluid-structure interaction.