• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.905-912
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• 2009

1-g shaking table test is conducted to evaluate the dynamic behavior of a soil-structure system under seismic loading condition. A consistent similitude law between the model and prototype is needed to predict the behavior of the prototype structure, quantitatively. The natural frequency of geomaterial decreases with the increase of shaking intensity because of the non-linear property of the geomaterial. This phenomenon affects the applicability of similitude laws in 1-g shaking table tests. In this study, a simple method is suggested to determine the frequency of the input motions in 1-g tests in order to enhance the applicability of similitude laws. Modified input frequency is calculated using the frequency ratio with consideration of the variation of the natural frequency according to the intensity of input ground acceleration. To verify the applicability of the suggested method, a series of 1-g shaking table tests were performed for three different sizes of model piles having an overburden mass on their heads by varying the acceleration and the frequency of input motion. The acceleration amplification ratio on the overburden mass, the lateral displacement at the pile head and the maximum bending moment along the pile depth were measured. The projected behaviors of the virtual prototype based on the measured values of the model tests, where the input frequencies were calculated by the new method, showed good consistency, verifying the applicability of the suggested method.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.307-322
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• 1991

The purpose of this exploratory study was to analyze nursing role conceptions and test the relationships between nursing role conceptions and professional commitment among selected Korean nurses. Data were obtained from a convenience sample of 262 practising nurses of varying positions, education, and experience. The total sample represents a response rate of 93 percent. Subscales of Nursing Role Conceptions (Pieta, 1976) were used to measure professional, service, and bureaucratic role conceptions 1 the tool to measure professional commitment was developed by the investigator. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Professional role conception and service role conception were positively related(normative r＝ .61 : categorical r＝ .64). Bureaucratic role conception scores(32.6$\pm$4.97) were higher than professional and service role conception scores. 2. Experience was positively related to bureaucratic professional categorical role conception(r＝ .17, p＜ .01), and negatively related to bureaucratic professional role discrepancy(r＝- .12, p＜ .01). There was no relationship between experience and service role conception. This study also showed that nurses who had longer experience tended to have higher role conceptions on all three subscales. 3. Nurses with a master's degree had significantly higher professional and bureaucratic role conceptions scores. Bacealaureates graduates had the lowest bureaucratic categorical role conception scores ; associate nurses had the lowest professional categorical role conception scores. 4. Nursing supervisors and head nurses had significantly higher bureaucratic categorical role coneption scores, whereas they had lower bureaucratic normative and professional role conception scores. 5. Age and experience were positively related to professional commitment (r＝ .24, r＝ .28). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that the combination of nursing role conceptions explained greater variance in professional commitment pair of the variables alone. Further research employing dynamic designs is needed to execute rigorous tests of causal models of nursing role conceptions and professional commitment. The findings of this study suggest that antecedents and moderating variables of nursing role conception and professional commitment need to be explored for further theoretical. specification and empirical evaluation.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

When the pumps stopped in the operation by the power failure, the hydraulic transients take place in the sudden change of a velocity of pipe line. Each and every water hammer problem shows the critical stage to be greatly affected the facts of safety and reliability in case of power failure. The field tests of the water hammer executed at Cheong-Yang booster pump station having an air chamber. The effects were studied by both the practical experiments and the CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics : Surge 2008). The result states that the system with water hammering protection equipment was much safer when power failure happens. The following data by a computational fluid dynamic analysis are to be shown below, securing the system stability and integrity. (1) With water hammering protection equipment. (1) Change of pressure : Up to $15.5\;kg/cm^2$ in contrary to estimating $16.88\;kg/cm^2$. (2) Change rate of water level : 52~33% in contrary to estimating 55~27%. (3) Note that the operational pressure of pump runs approx. 145 m, lowering 155 m of the regularity head of pump. (4) Note that the cycle of water hammering delays from 80 second to 100 second, together with easing the function of air value at the pneumatic lines. (2) Change of pressure without water hammering protection equipment : Approximate $22.86\;kg/cm^2$. The comprehensive result says that the computational fluid dynamics analysis would match well with the practical field-test. It was able to predict Max. or Min. water hammering time in a piping system. This study aims effectively to alleviate water hammering in a pipe line to be installed with air chamber at the pumping station and results in making the stability of pump system in the end.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2018

In this paper, stress distribution for a structurally stable greenhouse is considered in the present paper with subsequent investigation into the detailed stress distribution contour with the variation of self-weight and wind pressure level designation method under wind velocity of less than 30 m/sec. For reliable analysis, wind pressure coefficients of a single greenhouse unit were modeled and compared with experiment with correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. Wind load level was designated twofold: direct mapping of fluid dynamic analysis and conversion of modeled results into wind pressure coefficients ($C_P$). Finally, design criteria of EN1991-1-4 and NEN3859 were applied in terms of their wind pressure coefficients for comparison. $C_P$ of CFD result was low in the most of the modeled area but was high only in the first roof wind facing and the last lee facing areas. Besides, structural analysis results were similar in terms of stress distribution as per EN and direct mapping while NEN revealed higher level of stress for the last roof area. The maximum stress levels are arranged in decreasing order of mapping, EN, and NEN, generating 8% error observed between the EN and mapping results under 30 m/sec of wind velocity. On the other hand, effect of dead weight on the stress distribution was investigated via variation of high stress position with wind velocity, confirming shift of such position from the center to the forward head wind direction. The sensitivity of stress for wind velocity was less than 0.8% and negligible at wind velocity greater than 20 m/sec, thus eliminating self-weight effect.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2007

Ad-Hoc 네트워크 기술이 미래의 이동 인터넷 기술로서 이동통신망(Mobile Network) 뿐만 아니라 공중무선랜망(WPAN) 그리고 유비쿼터스 망 등에 광범위하게 활용되기 위해서는 개선 및 보완되어야 할 기술적인 문제들이 많다. 특히, 최근 네트워크 보안의 허점을 이용한 보안상 공격이 급증하고 있는 상황에 반하여 Ad-Hoc 라우팅 프로토콜 연구 대부분은 보안 위협 요소를 배제하고 안전한 환경을 가정한 채 수행되고 있다. 또한 Ad-Hoc 네트워크가 무선 매체 특성상 더욱 많은 보안상 위협에 노출되기 쉽고 유선에서 사용되던 보안 메커니즘을 그대로 적용되는 것이 부적합함을 고려할 때 Ad-Hoc 보안에 관한 연구는 더욱 활발히 이루어져야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 Ad-Hoc 네트워크의 특성을 고려하여 중앙 집중적인 인증기관이나 키 분배센터에 의존하지 않고 클러스터를 구성하고 있는 멤버 노드들 간의 협력적이고, 분산된 인증서를 이용한 인증 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 모델을 제안한다. 아울러 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안한 모델의 확장성과, 견고성을 평가해 본다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Augmented Reality-based Postural Control (ARPC) training on balance and gait function in patients with stroke. Design: Single-blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty participants who experienced a stroke were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to the ARPC (n=10) or control group (n=10). Subjects in both groups received conventional physical therapy for 60 min per session, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. In addition, subjects in the ARPC group received ARPC training for 30 min per day, 3 days per week, for 4 weeks. The participants watched established normal postural control patterns on a head-mounted display and repeated the movements in ARPC training. Outcome measurements were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) before and after 4 weeks of training. Results: Of the 20 randomized participants, only 18 completed the 4-week training program. The ARPC group showed significant improvement in the BBS and 10MWT after training (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the control group did not exhibit improvement in either variable. In addition, the ARPC group showed significantly greater improvement than the control group in the 10MWT (p<0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed between the groups for the BBS. Conclusions: The results of this study confirmed the benefits of ARPC training on dynamic balance and functional gait ability. Additionally, this study may provide evidence supporting the use of an ARPC training program for improving balance and gait ability in patients after a chronic stroke.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.507-513
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• 2019

Reinforced soil and Expanded Polystyrenes (EPS) mixture (RSEM) is a geomaterial which has many merits, such as light weight, wide strength range, easy for construction, and economic feasibility. It has been widely applied to improve soft ground, solve bridge head jump, fill cavity in pipeline and widen highway. Reutilizing dredged sediment to produce RSEM as earthfill can not only consume a large amount of waste sediment but also significantly reduce the construction cost. Therefore, there is an urgent need understand the basic stress-strain characteristics of reinforced dredged sediment-EPS mixture (RDSEM). A series of cyclic triaxial tests were then carried out on the RDSEM and control clay. The effects of cement content, EPS beads content and confining pressure on the cyclic stress-strain behaviour of RDSEM were analyzed. It is found that the three stages of dynamic stress-strain relationship of ordinary soil, vibration compaction stage, vibration shear stage and vibration failure stage are also applicative for RDSEM. The cyclic stress-strain curves of RDSEM are lower than that of control clay in the vibration compaction stage because of its high moisture content. The slopes of backbone curves of RDSEMs in the vibration shear stage are larger than that of control clay, indicating that the existence of EPS beads provides plastic resistance. With the increase of cement content, the cyclic stress-strain relationship tends to be steeper. Increasing cement content and confining pressure could improve the cyclic strength and cyclic stiffness of RDSEM.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2007

모래지반에 대하여 계측기를 부착한 강널말뚝을 진동항타하고 항타과정을 통해서 계측된 자료를 분석하여 진동항타시 강널말뚝의 진동항타거동을 살펴보았다. 특히, 강널말뚝에 대한 진동항타시 말뚝에 작용하는 응력, 이론적인 항타력과 실제 말뚝에 전달되는 힘의 차이를 반영하는 효율계수, 강널말뚝의 강체거동 여부, 지반의 동적 저항특성, 강널말뚝의 관입특성 등을 분석하였다. 강널말뚝의 진동관입시 말뚝은 거의 강체로 거동하였으며 말뚝머리부에 작용하는 응력의 최대값은 재료의 인장강도보다 상당히 작았다. 진동관입중 실제 말뚝머리부에 전달되는 최대하중은 이론식에 의해 계산된 값의 72% 정도였다. 가속도-시간이력곡선으로부터 4개의 관입깊이에 대해 유도된 변위-시간이력곡선에서의 변위진폭값은 진동기 공운전시의 진폭값의 약 16$\sim$75% 정도인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2014

목 적 : 토모테라피(Tomotherapy)의 두 가지 빔 모드(fixed jaw, dynamic jaw)에 따른 선량 분포 특성과 치료 시간의 차이를 분석하여 dynamic jaw(DJ)를 이용한 Tomo_edge 모드의 임상적 유용성을 고찰하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 토모테라피를 이용하여 치료받은 환자 7명을 대상으로 임상에서 보편적으로 사용되는 fixed jaw(FJ)를 이용하여 치료 계획을 수립하였다. 각각의 환자에서 모두 동일한 선량계획조건을 부여하였고, 토모테라피의 치료계획 인자인 Modulation Factor(MF), Pitch를 동일하게 유지한 상태에서 1) 동일한 조사면을 적용하고 FJ 와 DJ를 적용한 치료 계획을 비교하였다. 2) FJ를 적용한 치료 계획과 한 단계 큰 조사면과 DJ를 적용한 치료 계획을 비교하였다. 각 실험의 결과는 선량분포의 특성을 확인하기 위하여 종양체적 내 최소값(Dmin)과 선량 조형지수(CI=$V_{95%}$/TV)를 비교하고 표적을 포함한 조사영역 내 체적의 누적선량을 분석하였다. 또한, 임상적 유용성을 확인하기 위하여 빔 조사시간과 MU의 증감을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 동일한 조사면을 적용하고 FJ와 DJ를 적용한 경우, $V_{75%}$은 1.04%, $V_{50%}$은 4.75% 감소하였고, $V_{25%}$은 7.6%, $V_{10%}$은 11.91% 감소하였다. FJ를 적용한 치료계획보다 한 단계 큰 조사면과 DJ를 적용한 경우에 Dmin은 0.72%, CI는 1.25% 줄어들었고, 동일 조사면을 적용한 경우와 마찬가지로 $V_{x%}$는 저선량 영역으로 갈수록 크게 감소하여 $V_{10%}$이 6.13%의 감소 값을 나타냈다. 빔 조사시간과 누적 MU는 동일 조사면 적용 시 각각 3.66%와 3.77%의 값으로 증가하였으나, 한 단계 큰 조사면을 적용한 경우, 빔 조사시간이 31.55%로 누적 MU는 32.28%으로 크게 감소하였음을 보여준다. 결 론 : 동일한 조사면을 사용하면서 DJ를 사용하는 경우, 표적의 선량분포를 거의 변화시키지 않으면서 환자의 용적선량을 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있었다. 보다 큰 조사면을 사용하는 것과 동시에 DJ를 사용하는 경우는 일부 선량조형성의 저하를 나타내었으나 환자의 용적선량이 감소하고 치료 시간을 감소시킴으로써 Tomo-edge 모드는 임상적으로 유용한 것으로 사료된다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.275-284
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• 1997

우리 나라 남해안 연안에 부설된 소형정치망을 실험 수조의 크기 등을 고려하여 그 의 1/50의 크기로 Tauti의 어구 비교법칙에 따라 모형어구를 제작하여 유향 R(원통에서 헛통방향으로).L(헛통에서 원통방향으로)방향과 각각의 유속에 따라 그물 형상의 변화, 각 뜸의 침하량, 멍줄 장력의 변화 들을 측정, 관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 그물형상의 변화는 유향 R의 경우 유속 0.2m/sec에서 헛통 끝그물이 조하쪽으로 20mm, 상방으로 10mm 이동어구 전체가 바닥으로부터 부상하였고, 유속 0.6m/sec에서는 원통에서 헛통 까지 거의 일직선을 이루었다. 유향 L의 경우는, 상방으로 18mm 이동하여 어구 전체가 바닥으로부터 부상하였고, 유속 0.5m/sec이상에서는 헛통에서 원통까지 거의 일직선을 이루었다. 2. 긱 뜸의 침하량은 유향 R의 경우 머리뜸은 유속 0.2m/sec부터 서서히 침하하시 시작하여, 유속 0.3m/sec에서는 20mm 정도 침하하고, 유속 0.6m/sec에서는 99mm 정도 침하하였다. 그러나, 끝뜸은 유속 0m/sec부터 0.6m/sce까지 침하하지 않고 약간의 요동만 일으켰다. 유향 L의 경우 끝뜸은 유속 0.1m/sec에서부터 서서히 침하하기 시작하여, 0.2m/sec에서는 5mm정도 침하하였고, 0.6m/sec에서는 108mm 정도 침하하였으며, 0.5m/sec에서 머리뜸만 남기고 어구전체가 수몰되기 시작하였다. 3. 멍줄 장력의 변화는 유향 R의 경우 머리뜸 멍줄에 작용한 장력은 유속 0.1m/sec에서 273.51g이며, 0.6m/sec에서는 1298.40g 정도로 증가하였다. 유향 L의 경우 한쪽 끝뜸줄에 걸리는 장력은 유속 0.1m/sec에서 137.08g이며, 0.6m/sec에서 646.00g 정도로 증가하였다. 멍중 장력의 분포는 유속의 증대와 함게 유향 RL 향 모두 조상측 멍줄에 집중하여 나타났으며, 다른 멍줄에는 현저한 장력의 증가는 관측되지 않았다.되지 않았다.