• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.788-799
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effect of mordants on the dyeability colorfastness to light and to laundering and biological properties of mordanted and natural-dyed cotton and silk substrates. Natural red dyes were extracted from Caesalpinia Sappan L. (Sappan wood) and Rubia Akane Nakai (Madder) by boil water Five different compounds of Al, Cr, Cu, Fe and Sn were used as mordanting agents. The result of this study are sumarized as follows ; 1. In the of the fabrics mordanted and dyed with sappan wood K/S value increases and λmax shifts to the longer wavelength as mordant concentration increases. Color of the fabrics dyed with sappan wood and madder change to redder bluer and lighter after mordanting. 2. As the number of repetition of dyeing-mordnating process increase the color of the dyed fabrics tend to be redder bluer and darker. Mordanted dyes with Al and Sn make chroma increase. The quantity of mordant absorbed in the silk fabric increase as mordant concentration increase. More Fe is absorbed in silk than Cr is. 3. After being exposed to light the fabrics dyed with sappan wood and madder change to less red Fe and Cu mordanting yeild better colorfastness to light than others does. Natural-dyed fabrics exposed to light tend to be faded and whitened in CIELAB chromaticity co-ordinates. So we might trace back the original color of ancient faded fabrics by changes in color of natural dyes. 4. After washing the colors of natural dyes change to more blue, Fe and Cu mordanting give better colorfastness to wash than others do. 5. The soil-burial cotton is more susceptible to mildew and rot than the silk is. Antimicrobial activity of the natural-dyed cotton can be enhanced by Cu and silk can be enhanced by Cu and Cr mordanting respectively.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.997-1007
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• 2005

The textile finishing methods utilizing chitosan have been mostly focused on the applications in the improvement of the dyeing of cotton fabrics, or the improvement of hand of the cotton or wool fabrics. On the other hand, it Is difficult to find the application examples in the synthetic fiber fabrics including polyester and nylon fabrics. The aim of this study is to improve the stiffness and the poor wash fastness of the fabrics treated only with chitosan. We tried to improve the softness by employing chitosan and polyurethane mixture solution and to prevent the detachment of the chitosan from the fabric. The treatment was applied to cotton, polyester, and nylon fabrics. The change of the properties of the treated fabrics were investigated. The optimum finishing condition was sought by changing the mixture ratio of the chitosan/PU(polyurethane) solutions. The adjusted ratios of the chitosan/PU solutions were 1 : 0, 1 : 0.25, 1 : 0.5, and 1 : 2 during the mixture solution preparation. Using the KES(Kawabata Evaluation System), the physical and mechanical properties of the finished fabric specimens were analyzed, and hand values of the specimens were calculated through the use of translational formulas. According to the chemical composition of the fibers, chitosan solution or chitosan/PU mixture exhibited wide range of coating effect. Since the chitosan acid solution has high polarity, the bonding force with the cotton fibers is high. By the appropriate addition of PU in the chitosan treatment of cotton, KOSHI and HARI values of the fabric improved. The air permeability of the chitosan/PU treated cotton fabric specimen improved, resulting in the highest value at the mixture of chitosan : PU=1:0.25.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2016

As a coating material for loudspeaker dampers, resilient polyurethane/epoxy hybrid resins were synthesized to replace conventional phenol resin and examined the physical properties, which are not only environmentally friendly but also not harmful to human. Five types of polyurethane resins were synthesized in the step-shot method using methylene diisocyanate, three polyols such as poly tetramethylene ether glycol(PTMEG, MW:2000), poly(1,4-buthylene adipate(PBAP, MW:2000), and poly carbonatediol(PCD, MW:2000), and three chain extenders such as ethylene glycol(EG), neopentyl glycol(NPG), and 1,4-buthandiol(1,4-BD). The five types of synthesized polyurethane resins and commercially available bisphenol A type epoxy resin were blended in weight ratios of 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50 to synthesize 15 types of polyurethane/epoxy hybrid resins. Among the polyurethane resins, the one that was synthesized using PCD and 1,4-BD showed excellent tensile strength, 100% modulus, low extension, and relatively high viscosity. Polyurethane/epoxy hybrid resins with higher epoxy resin contents showed better thermal properties and water resistance while those with higher polyurethane contents showed higher flexibility. The polyurethane/epoxy hybrid resin made by blending the polyurethane based on PCD and 1,4-BD with a bisphenol A type epoxy resin in a weight ratio of 70:30 was identified to be the most suitable to be used in speaker dampers.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 1986

견에 대한 오배자탄닌과 합성탄닌의 처리조임이 견의 탄닌증량율에 미치는 영향과 탄닌증량견의 염색조건 및 실용적 특성을 구명하기 위하여 시험결과 1. 견의 증량율을 기안한 합리적인 탄닌처리 농도는 오배자 30g/l, 합성탄닌산 15g/l이었고, 처리온도 및 시간은 8$0^{\circ}C$에서 60분 내외 처리용액의 산도는 pH 2-3이었다. 2. 탄닌처리 견의 염색조건에 있어서 부착된 탄닌의 탈락을 적게하며 염착농도(K/S)를 향상시킬 수 있는 OrangeII에 의한 합리적 염색온도 및 시간은 6$0^{\circ}C$, 90분이었다. 3. 탄닌염색 가공견포의 Soaping에 의한 색착($\Delta$E)는 미가공 견포에 비하여 현저히 감소됨으로서 세탁견도가 2급이나 향상되었다. 4. 탄닌 염색가공 견포의 자외선 조사에 의한 dyeloss율은 무처리염색견포의 1/6정도로 감소됨으로서 탄니처리 견포의 내광성이 현저히 개선되었다. 5. 탄닌 염색가공 견포의 마찰견도와 발수성은 미가공 견포와 같은 수준이었으나 Drape계수는 감소됨으로서 의복의 착용감이 향상되었다.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2017

Santa Barbara Amorphous-15(SBA-15) nanoparticles were utilized as the inexpensive and effective adsorbents to remove methylene blue dye from the aqueous solution.SBA-15 was created by Zhao et al method. Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for the evaluated physical properties of SBA-15. The results of diffraction X-ray indicated that was the crystalline structure for it. Also IR spectroscopy indicated was a silica the whole structure of the groups and SEM image verify the structure of relatively identical particles size of SBA-15. Factors affecting adsorption including the amounts of adsorbent, pH and contact time were investigated by a SBA-15 nanomaterial design. The extent of dye removal enhanced with increasing initial dye concentration and pH from 4 to 10. The higher percentage adsorption were obtained under optimum conditions of variables (sorbent dose of 200 mg/liter, initial MB concentration 10 mg/liter, initial pH of 10 and temperature of $25^{\circ}C$). Maximum adsorption happened after the 2 hour and the kinetic processes of the dyes adsorption were described by applying the pseudo-first-order and the pseudo-second-order and the relatively High correlation with the kinetic Ellovich models. It was found that the pseudo-second-order models kinetic equation described the data of dye adsorption with a good correlation (R2>0.999) which indicated chemisorption mechanism. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were investigated in conditions of variables (adsorbent dose 0.01 gr/liter, MB concentration 10, 20, 30 mg/liter, pH of 4, 7, 10, contact time 90 min and temperature of $27^{\circ}C$). The adsorption data were represented by Langmuir isotherm model. These values are higher than the adsorption capacities of some other adsorbents that have recently been published in the literature.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.8-15
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• 1996

Three pieces of cotton fabrics used for this study were exhumed in the Mt.Moo Deung near Kwang Ju in 1965. The fabrics were remains of Jang Heung Lim Si-the nephew's wife of General Kim Deok Ryeong. It was reported that Jang Heung Lim Si died in 1615. The cotton fabrics were classified into three, A, B and C, according to their color. The fabric A was inherent color of cotton, the fabric B was that of light brown and the fabric C was that of dark brown. The physical and chemical characteristics of the cotton fabrics were examined. In the meantime the construction of cotton fabrics and traditional dyeing of Yi dynasty were studied through various records. The results were as follows: 1. According to electromicroscopic examination, the lumen in the cotton fiber had not been developed enough, therefore the quality of cotton at that time was supposed to be not so excellent. 2. The results of chemical analysis indicated that: (1) While the copper number of the cotton fabric A was similar to that of bleached cotton, that of the fabric C was extremely high. (2) The amount of methylene blue absorption was much more than that of normal cotton. (3) The content of cellulose was less than that of normal cotton. (4) The degree of polymerization was less than that of normal cotton. From the results mentioned above, it was concluded that the cotton fabrics were oxidized slowly in the closed lime coffin for a long period of time. From this process of oxidization and deterioration, the degree of polymerization was decreased through depolymerization, and carboxyl groups were produced by the oxidization at reducing end groups. 3. It was confirmed that the cotton fabric C was dyed by the juice of immature persimmon. Thus, it was inferred that the large amount of copper number of cotton fabric C was derived from phenolic OH groups of tannins having high reducing properties in persimmon.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.659-669
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• 2007

견직물 시료에 치자, 소목 염색을 행한 후, 자외선에 0일, 14일, 21일, 28일 조사 시킨 후 시간의 경과에 따른 시료들의 염착량, 색채 변화, 형태 변화, 인장강도 그리고 화학적 변화를 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 염재의 종류와 매염 여부와 관계없이 자외선 조사 초기 14일 동안에는 염착량이 서서히 감소하다가 그 후에는 급격한 감소를 보였다. 명반 매염을 한 경우 염착량 감소가 더 적었으며 소목이 치자보다 자외선 차단 효과가 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 2. 자외선 조사 시간이 길어짐에 따라, $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$, H V/C, ${\Delta}E$ 등은 급격한 변화와 퇴색경향을 보였으며 명반 매염제가 자외선에 의한 탈색을 방지해 주는 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 치자보다 소목의 ${\Delta}E$값이 낮게 나타났는데 이는 염착량 변화의 결과와 일치하며 소목이 치자보다 자외선 차단 효과가 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 3. 염색 견직물 시료들 모두 자외선 조사 시간 경과에서, 초기에는 섬유 표면의 피브릴 분리현상을 보였으며 조사 시간 증가에 따라 섬유 표면이 더 깊고 두껍게 박리되어 손상이 심해졌으나 SEM 측정에서는 두 염료의 매염제 처리 유, 무의 차이는 발견하기가 힘들었다. 4. 자외선 조사에 따라 인장강도는 자외선 조사 14일 이후부터 감소되어 인장강도 감소율은 대략 5-20%의 유지율을 나타내었으며 매염 처리 시료의 인장강도 감소율이 더 낮았다. 5. FT-IR 분석에 의하면 자외선 조사 시간 증가에 따라 치자와 소목 주 피크들은 사라지고 견섬유의 주 피크만이 확인되었다.