• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1682-1688
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• 2007

The effects of cultivar and DAPs on the lignin content and dyeability of the kenaf fibers were investigated. Four kenaf fiber samples were prepared from two cultivars, Tainung 2 and Everglades 41, and their 60 and 120 DAPs(days after planting) for the experiments. The lignin contents of the kenaf fibers of Tainung 2(T2) and Everglades 41(E41) were $11.29{\sim}12.78%$. Both T2 and E41 kenaf fibers had comparable amount of lignin, and klason lignin of the fibers was $2.5{\sim}3$ times as much as much as acid-soluble lignin. In both T2 and E41, 120 DAPs kenaf have 1% more lignin than 60 DAPs kenaf. The moisture regains of the four kenaf fiber samples were almost the same as $10.25{\pm}0.05%$. The absorbances of residual solution after dyeing for $1{\sim}180$ minutes with Red 81 at maximum wavelength 520 nm and Green 26 at 600 nm were measured. Comparing to Green 26, the dyeing rate of Red 81 was rapid and equilibrium state was reached in 12 minutes. The CIE $L^*,\;a^*, \;b^*,\;{\Delta}E$ and K/S values of the kenaf fibers dyed with Red 81 and Green 26 were measured as well. The dye exhaustion ratio of 60 DAPs kenaf was higher than that of 120 DAP.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2019

In our previous studies, we developed a ¹⁸F-labeled TSPO-binding ligand, named [¹⁸F]CB251, which has been proved to be a promising TSPO-binding PET radiotracer for the detection and monitoring of TSPO expression in pathological diseases. (Ki = 0.27 nM for TSPO, 1.96% ID/g of tumor uptake at 1h post-injection) Based on these results, we utilized 6,8-dichloro-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridineacetamide analogs, CB185 (1) as a targeting moiety for the selective delivery of probes and anticancer molecules to TSPO-overexpressed tissues. In this study, we designed CB185 derivatives contains different PEG chains (n = 1, 3 and 5) and fluorescence dye (Cy5) to identify the necessary space between a TSPO-binding ligand and an anticancer agent. Three CB185 derivatives (11a-c) which contains Cy5 and PEG chain, were synthesized and the effect of PEG additive on their TSPO-binding affinities were evaluated using in vitro assays. The binding affinity for compounds 11a-c was lower than that of PK11195 (Ki = 3.2 nM), but still characterized by nanomolar binding affinity for TSPO (Ki = 46.5 nM for 11a, 51.0 nM for 11b, and 388.5 nM for 11c). These results showed that the conjugates are characterized by a moderate binding affinity toward TSPO except for compound 11c, which PEG chain consist of five PEG monomers. Our finding might add useful information to decide the appropriate PET chain length for developing new TSPO-targeting drug carriers.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 1976

Fifteen naked barley cultivars including radiation breeding lines from three places were analized for crude protein, carbohydrates, P, K, Ca, Mg and tested protein by dye binding method and biuret method. Their content and simple correlation analyses among them were as follows. 1. Protein content was 7.67 for average (max. 10.3 in Baegdong, min. 6.0 in Bangju) that was lower than in milled barley and had significant (at p=0.01) correlation with dye binding capacity (r=0.769) and biuret absorbance (r=0.616). 2. Protein content also had significant correlation with $P_2O_5$(r=0.607, p=0.01) and with MgO(r=0.498, p=0.05). 3. There was great difference in protein content among radiation breeding lines(max. 8.40, min. 6.75%). 4. Naked barley appeared to be lower in carbohydrate content but higher in crude ash to compare with milled barley. 5. There was significant correlation(r=0.560, p=0.01) between Ca and K, indicating competition in uptake or translocation to grain. 6. Carbohydrate content showed the highest negative correlation with protein content but it was not significant. 7. The low protein variety (Bangju) showed higher yield than the high protein one (Baegdong) both with (16%) and without (48%) fertilizers.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1996

Intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) may play a crucial role in a variety of neuronal functions. Here we report that in primary culture of mouse cerebellar granule cells nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in a specific developmental stage and involved in the regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Nicotine-mediated calcium responses were measured using $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ or fluorometrically using the calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2. Maximal uptake of $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ evoked by nicotine in mouse cerebellar granule cells were revealed $8{\sim}12$ days in culture. In contrast, nicotine did not alter the basal $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake in cultured glial cells. In cerebellar granule cells nicotine-evoked $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake was largely blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonists. Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT). which removes endogenous glutamate, also prevented nicotine effects, implying the indirect involvement of glutamate in nicotine-mediated calcium responses. Fluorometric studies using fura-2 showed two phases of nicotine-evoked $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ rises: the initial rising phase and the later plateau phase. Interestingly, the NMDA receptor antagonists and GPT appeared to inhibit only the later plateau phase of nicotine-evoked $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ rises. The present results imply that nicotine mediated $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake and $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ rises are attributed to the calcium fluxes through both nAchRs and NMDA receptors in a time-dependent manner. Consequently, nAChRs may play an important role in neuronal development by being expressed in a specific developmental stage and regulating the intracellular calcium homeostasis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.195-199
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• 2002

In order to find potential anticancer agents, we extracted pheophytin in the silkworm feces from various larval stages by water, chloroform and methanol extraction. The cytotoxicity of the pheophytin extracts of various silkworm feces was measured in the CT-26 cells originated from murine metastatic colon cancer, by dye uptake assay. The cytotoxicity of those pheophytins in 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars was better than remaining larval stages. The in vitro anticoagulant and fibyinolytic activities of ethanol extract from varietal mulberry leaves, mulberry branches and silkworm feces and pheophytin extracts from silkworm feces obtained at various larval stages were evaluated in order to find effective therapeutic drugs for the treatment of myocardial and cerebral thrombosis. The fibrinolytic activity was tested using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) was measured for blood clotting activity. With regards to the fibrinolytic system, ethanol extracts of silkworm feces were better than varietal mulberry leaves and mulberry branches. The pheophytin extracts from 7th days of 5th instar contained the highest percentage of pheophytin and good fibrinolytic activity.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.250-254
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• 2004

Background: It is necessary for human beings to uptake vitamin C through diet or supplements. It is also well-known that vitamin C plays an important role in the prevention of scurvy, enhancement of collagen synthesis and anti-tumor immune response. In addition, there are several recent reports regarding the effective role of vitamin C on the regulation of allergic responses, such as atopic dermatitis and asthma. However, the effective therapeutic and preventive measures using vitamin C are not established yet, since vitamin C is seriously unstable in aqueous solution. Therefore, we have investigated the best way to maintain the stability of vitamin C. Methods: After we making a mixture of polyphenol (0.001, 0.01, 0.1%) and vitamin C (1 mM), the mixtures were placed at room temperature both with/without light protection. And then the concentration of ascorbic acid was measured with HPLC. To analyze the in vivo effect of vitamin C on the regulation of skin allergic reaction, polyphenol (0.1%)-vitamin C (1 mM) mixture was applied to the skin and the production of histamine from mast cell was analyzed by Evans blue dye staining. Results: We have found that the polyphenol has preventive power of oxidation of vitamin C. In addition, the production of histamine was suppressed by the polyphenol (0.1%)-vitamin C (1 mM) mixture. Conclusion: We have reached the conclusion that our study suggests the research guideline for the therapy of atopic dermatitis through vitamin C.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2005

In this study, a microorganism-produced protease was used to improve the quality of fabrics. First, the protease-producing bacteria were isolated from soils, and one of them was selected and identified as Bacillus sp. SJ-121. The optimal medium composition for its growth and protease production was determined to be as follows: glucose 1g/L, soybean meal 0.5g/L, soy peptone 0.5, $K_2HPO_4\;0.2,\;MgSO_4\cdot7H_2O\; 0.002,\;NaCl\;0.002,\;and\;Na_2CO_3g/L$. Also, the optimal temperature for the production of the protease by Bacillus sp. SJ-121 was about $40^{\circ}C$ at pH 7. The wool and silk were treated with the protease from Bacillus sp. SJ-121. Following the protease treatment, changes in the surface of a single yarn of the fabrics were observed by both an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Changes in the K/S value of the wool and silk were measured by spectrophotometric analysis, in order to determine the amount of dye uptake in the fabrics. We also performed a tensile strength examination in order to determine the degree and nature of mechanical changes in single yarns of the wool and silk fabrics. By increasing the protease treatment time to 48 h, the dyeing characteristics of the fabrics were enhanced, and the surfaces of the single yarns of the fabrics became smoother, due to the removal of soil and scale in them. However, no mechanical changes were detected in the fabrics. Therefore, we suggest that proper treatment of the protease produced by Bacillus sp. can improve the quality of silk and wool.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 2004

In order to find potential anticancer agents, we extracted pheophytin from silkworm feces according to various dry and storage methods such as sun dry, shade dry, fresh freezing dry and freezing dry after freezing storage (for 1∼3 years). The pheophytin extracts, mainly 10-hydroxypheophytin a, little b, of various storage silkworm feces were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and fluorescence detection. The content of those pheophytih in old silkworm for 3 years (freezing storage and freezing dried in use, or freezing dried and cold storage) was better than others. The cytotoxicity of the pheophytin extracts and ethanol extracts of various storage silkworm feces were measured using Jurkat cells originated from human leukemia, using dye uptake assay (MTT) in order to find effective photodynamic therapeutic agents. The anticancer activity of those pheophytin extracts in various storage methods showed little difference among them. But ethanol extracts of fresh freezing dried silkworm in the current year was good cytotoxic activity than those of any other silkworm feces. With regards to these results, fresh ethanol extracts of silkworm feces were better than old ones. On the other hands, the pheophytin extracts of old silkworm feces contained the highest percentage of pheophytin content and showed good cytotoxicity against cancer cells by changing the pheophytin into pheophobide in the degradative process.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.311-319
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dyeing property of gromwell on modified cotton fabric by chitosan. Modified cotton fabrics were manufactured by crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin in the presence of chitosan. Gromwell colorants were extracted with methanol. Modified cotton fabrics dyed using gromwell were post-mordanted using Al, Fe and Cu. The dyeability (K/S) and color factors (L, a, b, ${\Delta}E$ and h) of modified cotton fabrics were measured by computer color matching. Additionally the fastness to washing and light were also investigated. The dye-uptake of modified cotton fabrics increased with the dyeing time. The saturated dyeing time was about 10minutes at $50^{\circ}C$. The dyeability (K/S) was remarkably increased with increasing content of chitosan because of having a amine group of chitosan. Modified cotton fabrics were dyed yellowish red by non and Fe mordanting, blueish red by Al and Cu mordanting, respectively. The washing fastness of non, Al, Fe and Cu mordant in the presence and absence of chitosan were increased $1{\rightarrow}2$, $3{\rightarrow}4$, $4{\rightarrow}4-5$ and $4{\rightarrow}4-5$ respectively. And light fastness of non, Al, Fe and Cu mordant in the presence and absence of chitosan were increased $1{\rightarrow}1-2$, $1{\rightarrow}1-2$, $1.2{\rightarrow}2.3$ and $1-2{\rightarrow}2$ respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.8 s.210
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Ash solutions derived from vegetation have been known for their good mordanting action. They are used as finishing agents because they are able to promote dye uptake. It is expected that the types of ash solutions may have been different worker by worker since the workers have employed easy-to-get plants, when we reviewed old literature. However, the ash solutions are being used without clear distinctions between their characteristics. In this study, camellia ash solution and rice straw ash solution were prepared according to traditional methods. Using these solutions as mordanting agents, natural dyeing experiments with Caesdpinia Sappan were peformed. Following the dyeing procedure, the effect of the type of ash solution on the color of the dyed fabric was evaluated. The results showed that the ash solution mordanting effect us not dependent upon the components of the ash solution. It was also demonstrated that the mordanting effect was not based on the action of the metallic ions in the ash solution. The pH values of the ash solutions were adjusted in order to investigate the effect of changes in ash solution alkalinity on the dyeing process. The pH values ranged from neutral or weak acidity to the alkaline range in order to evaluate the characteristics of the mordanting tv the ash solutions.