• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of 5 current dentin bonding systems which are composed of 2 multi-bottle systems(Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, All Bond2) and 3 one-bottle systems(Single bond, One-Step, Prime & Bond). In this in vitro study, class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of sixty extracted human premolars and molars on cementum margin. The experimental teeth were randomly divided into six groups of 10 samples (20 surfaces) each, Group 1 : Scotchbond Multi-Purpose ; Group 2 : All Bond 2 ; Group 3 : Single Bond ; Group 4 : One-Step ; Group 5 : Prime & Bond ; Group 6 : no bonding agent(control). The bonding agent and composite resin were applied for each group following the manufacturer's instructions. After 500 thermocycling between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$, the 60 teeth were placed in 2% Methylene blue dye for 24 hours, then rinsed with tab water. The specimen were embedded in clear resin, then sectioned buccolingually through the center of restoration with a low speed diamond saw. The dye penetration on each of the specimen were then observed with a stereomicroscope at ${\times}20$. The results of study were statistically analyzed using the Student-Newmann-Keul's Methods and the Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test. The resin/dentin interfaces were examined under Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results of this study were as follows. 1. None of the dentin bonding systems used in this study showed significant difference in leakage values at both the enamel and the dentin margins (P>0.05). 2. In all groups except the control, leakage value seen at the enamel margin was significantly lower than that seen at the dentin margin (P<0.05). 3. Compared to the control group, all the groups treated with dentin bonding systems showed significantly lower leakage value at both enamel and dentin margins (P<0.05). 4. In the SEM view, gaps were observed in the composite resin / dentin interface in group 6 where no dentin bonding agent was used, and in all the other groups (group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) composite resin, hybrid layer, and dentin were seen to be closely adhering to each other where there were no leakages. Well-developed resin tags 3~100${\mu}m$ in length infiltrated dentinal tubules past the hybrid layer and a hybrid layer 1~5${\mu}m$ thick had developed between the dentinal surface and the composite resin surface.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.343-354
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• 1992

본 연구의 목적은 여러가지 근관충전법으로 충전된 근관의 폐쇄효과를 정선적 및 정량적으로 측정하여 각 충전법간의 폐쇄효과를 비교하므로써 정선적 측정법 및 정량적 측정법간의 상호 관계를 규명하는데 있다. 108개의 발거된 상악중절치 및 측절치와 상하악 견치에서 치관을 절제하고 통법대로 근관형성한 다음 4개군으로 나누어 제 I 군은 sealer를 사용하고 측방 가압근관충전법으로, 제 II 군은 sealer를 사용하고 저온연화 gutta-percha주입근관충전법으로, 제 III 군은 sealer를 사용하고 Thermafil근관충전법으로 그리고 제 IV 군은 sealer를 사용하지 않고 고온용융 gutta-percha주입근관충전법으로 충전하고 전 시편을 2 % methylene blue 용액 속에 근단부를 1mm담근 채 $37^{\circ}C$ 항온기에서 10일간 경과시켜 근단공을 통한 색소침투를 정선적 및 정량적으로 측정하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 정선적 측정에서는 II 군은 III군, I군 및 IV군보다, III군은 IV군보다 유의상 있게 색소침투가 적게 나타났으나 (P<0.05), 그 이외의 군들 상호간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 정량적 측정에서는 II 군이 가장 적게 나타나 I 군 및 IV군과는 유의한 차이가 있었으나 (P<0.05), III군과는 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 정선적 측정과 정량적 측정과의 사이에는 미약하지만 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.3391, P<0.001).

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.90-93
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• 2003

The antibacterial activity of chitosan-alginate-Fe(II) complex (CAFC) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and an opportunistic pathogen, Candida albicans, was investigated. A concentration of 1 mg/1 was needed to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, while 100 mg/liter was sufficient for the growth inhibition of Candida albicans. The ion leakage of potassium and phosphate from E. coli cell and the penetration of ethidium bromide dye into it indicate that CAFC might be able to increase the cell permeability and consequently cellular leakage, thus leading to cell plasmolysis. Scanning electronmicroscope showed that E. coli cells treated with CAFC became irregular, swelling and expanded. In a field trial, control piglets showed average mortality of up to 60% within 3 days after the onset of diarrhea. In contrast, CAFC-treated groups without mortality was decreased to average 56% on the 1 st day after the treatment, and average 7% on the 3rd day. After then, piglets with diarrhea was not found.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.525-529
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• 2017

요오드화수은은 우수한 엑스선 민감도 특성을 가진 광도전체로 비정질 셀레늄을 대체할 수 있는 후보물질로 많은 연구가 진행되고 있지만 높은 누설전류로 인해 상용화에 많은 한계점을 나타내고 있다. 본 연구에서는 요오드화수은의 높은 누설전류를 저감하기 위해 요오드화수은에 비해 입자가 작은 이산화규소 및 이산화티타늄을 물리적으로 혼합하여 단위시편을 제작하였으며 제작된 단위시편의 전기적 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 혼합한 두 물질 모두 요오드화수은의 높은 누설전류를 저감하는데 효과가 있었으며 요오드화수은-이산화티타늄 혼합물에서는 방사선 민감도 특성이 상당히 높아짐을 확인하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.44-56
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• 1990

This study was designed to assess the degree of the marginal leakage of posterior composite restorations with glass ionomer cement base and Scotchbond$^{(R)}$ by means of the dye penetration at the enamel and dentinal margins. 160 cavities of class V were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 80 extracted premolar and molar teeth, which were divided into two groups. The buccal cavities of one group were filled with GC lining cement$^{(R)}$, Scotchbond$^{(R)}$ and P 50$^{(R)}$ and the lingual cavities were filled with Scotchbond$^{(R)}$ and Heliomolar$^{(R)}$. The Buccal cavities of other group were filled with Logobond$^{(R)}$, Scotchbond$^{(R)}$ and Heliomolar$^{(R)}$ and lingual cavities were filled with Scotchbond$^{(R)}$ and P 50$^{(R)}$. After finishing, all specimens were subjected manually to 50 thermal cycles at $4^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$. They were immersed in 0.5% methylene blue solution for 24 hours and buccolingually sectioned with diamond disc. The sectioned specimens were examined under light microscope. The following results were obtained. 1. The group filled with glass ionomer cement base showed less marginal leakage than the group filled without glass ionomer cement base. 2. The enamel margins showed less microleakage than the dentinal margins in both of the two groups. 3. No significant difference was showed in the microleakage, irrespective of two glass ionomer cement base and posterior composite resin.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.332-340
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• 2001

Flowable composite resin has lower filler content, increased flow, and lower modules of elasticity. It is suggested that flowable composite resin can be bonded to the tooth structure intimately and absorb or dissipate the stress. Therefore, it may be advantageous to use flowable composite resin for the base material of class II restoration and for the class V restoraton. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage and shear bond strength of four flowable composite resins (Aeliteflo, Flow-It, Revolution, Ultraseal XT Plus) compared to Z100 using Scotchbond Multi Purpose dentin bonding system. To evaluate the microleakage, notch-shaped class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of 80 extracted human premolars and molars on cementum margin. The teeth were randomly divided into non-thermocycling group (group 1) and thermocycling group (group 2) of 40 teeth each. The experimental teeth of each group were randomly divided onto five subgroups of eight samples (sixteen surfaces). The Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and composite resin were applied for each group following the manufacturer's instructions. the teeth of group 2 were thermocycled five hundred times between 5$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$. The teeth of group 2 were placed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours, then rinsed with tab water. The specimens were embedded in clear resin, and sectioned longitudinally with a diamond saw. The dye penetration on each of the specimen were observed with a stereomicioscope at $\times$20 magnification. To evaluate the shear bond strength, 60 teeth were divided into five groups of twelve teeth each. The experimental teeth were ground horizontally below the dentinoenamel junction, so that no enamel remained. After applying Scotchbond Multi-Purpose on the dentin surface, composite resin was applied in the shape of cylinder. The cylinder was 4mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness. Shear bond strength was measured using Instron with a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/min. After shear bond strength measurement, mode of failure was evaluated with a stereomicroscope at $\times$30 magnification. All data were statistically analyzed by One Way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls method. The correlation between microleakage and shear bond strength was analyzed by linear regression. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. In non-thermocycling group, the leakage value of Z100 was significantly lower than those of flowable composite resins at the enamel and dentin margin, margin, except that Revolution showed the lower leakage value than that of Z100 at the dentin margin (p<0.05). 2. In thermocycling group, the leakage values of Z100 and Ultraseal XT Plus were lower than those of other subgroup at the enamel and dentin margin, except that Flow-It showed the lower leakage value than that of Ultraseal XT Plus at the dentin margin (p<0.05). 3. The leakage value of Z100 and Ultraseal XT Plus in thermocycling group were not higher than that in non-thermocycling group at the enamel margin. The leakage value of Z100 in thermocycling group was not higher than that in non-thermocycling group at the dentin margin (p<0.05). 4. As for the shear bond strength measurement, there were no statistically significant differences among groups (p<0.05). The shear bond strengths given in descending order were as follows: Z100(16.81$\pm$2.98 MPa), Flow-It(14.8$\pm$4.43 MPa), Aeliteflo(14.34$\pm$3.69 MPa), Revolution(13.46$\pm$4.23 MPa), Ultraseal XT Plus(12.83$\pm$3.16 MPa). 5. Failure modes of all specimens were adhesive failures. 6. There was no correlation between microleakage and shear bond strength.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.618-630
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• 2000

As Fiber-reinforced composite restorations cannot be made without leaving a marginal gap, luting cements play a pivotal role in sealing the margins as a prevention against margnal leakage. A recently introduced adhesive resin cement system is claimed to adhere chemically, as well as mechanically, to tooth substances, dental alloys and porcelain. But when considering the clinical variation conventional cementation using Zinc Phosphate and Glass-Ionomer can be requested. A vitro study was undertaken to compare microleakage and marginal fitness of Fiber-reinforced composite crowns(Targis/Vectris) depending upon luting cements. Fifty non-carious human premolar teeth were randomly divided into five experimental groups of 10 teeth each and luted with five luting cements. ($Bistite\;II^(R),\;Super-bond^(R),\;Variolink\;II^(R)$), Zinc phosphate and Glass-Ionomer cement) After 24 hours of being luted, all specimens were thermocycled 300 times through water bath of $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$ in each bath, then the quality of the marginal fitness was measured by the Digital Microscope and marginal leakage was characterized using Dye Penetration technique and the Digital Microscope The results were as follows : 1. The mean values of marginal fit were Bistite II($46.78{\mu}m$), Variolink II($56.25{\mu}m$), Super-Bond($56.78{\mu}m$), Glass-Ionomer($99.21{\mu}m$), Zinc Phosphate($109.49{\mu}m$) indicated a statistically significant difference at p<0.001. 2. The mean microleakage values of tooth-cement interface, restoration-cement interface were increased in the order of Variolink II, Bistite II, Super-Bond, Glass-Ionomer, Zinc Phosphate 3. Crowns luted with resin cement (Bistite II, Super-Bond, Variolink II, etc) exhibited less marginal gap and marginal leakage than those luted with conventional Glass-Ionomer and Zinc Phosphate cement. 4. The results indicated that all five luting systems yielded comparable and acceptable marginal fit.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.187-201
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of a calcium hydroxide plug treated with a bonding agent. Ninety extracted human anterior teeth and premolars with single canal were used in this study. Crowns were removed. the canal's were instrumented. and the roots were randomly divided into three groups of 30 each. In control group. a single apical seat was prepared with #60 K file 1mm short of the apex and the root canal was obturated with Gutta-percha and Sealapex by the lateral condensation method. In experimental group 1 and group 2. to prepare an apical isthmus of 1mm in length. the first apical seat was prepared with a #45 K file 1mm short of the anatomical apex and with a #60 K file 2mm short for the second apical seat. Dry calcium hydroxide powders were packed in the apical isthmus with a hand plugger and #60 K file and then. the root canal was obturated with Gutta-percha and Seal apex by the lateral condensation method. In experimental group 2. following an application of the bonding agent to the plug. the root canal was obturated in the same way. The teeth of each group were immersed in a 2% methylene blue dye solution. for 1, 2, and 4 weeks. The distance from the tip of the cone to the deepest penetration was measured using the Tool maker's microscope. The results were as follows : 1. The teeth having the calcium hydroxide plug treated with the dentin bonding agent (experimental group 2) showed the lowest leakage with 1.4705mm and the control group without apical plug(no apical isthmus) showed the highest leakage with 3.1735mm. 2. The control group without apical plug showed higher leakage than experimental group 1 having the calcium hydroxide plug treated without the dentin bonding agent(p>0.05). 3. The control group without apical plug and experimental group 1, having the calcium hydroxide plug treated without the dentin bonding agent. showed higher leakage than experimental group 2. having the calcium hydroxide plug treated with the dentin bonding agent(p<0.001). 4. The immersion time had no significant effect on the degree of leakage. In conclusion, the results showed that the calcium hydroxide plug treated with the dentin bonding agent could decrease the microleakage from the root apex effectively.

• 생약학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.113-118
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• 1983

Studies were undertaken to develop for the anti-inflammatory analgesic activities of 'Insam-Tang' extract, which composed of four crude drugs; Ginseng Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, and Zingiberis Rhizoma, was known to be applied in edema, convulsion, excremental blood, and cooling pain etc, in oriental herb remedies. It was exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenin inflammation, and preventive and therapeutic effects to chronic inflammation on Freund' complete adjuvant in rats, Especially, therapeutic effect of extract 500mg/kg was observed more effective than that of phenylbutazone 50mg/kg. Also, it was shown significant effect on leakage of dye into the peritoneal cavity and analgesic effect on squirm symptom induced by acetic acid in mice.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.258-262
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• 1999

Sacral meningeal cyst is usually asymtomatic, but may be responsible for sciatic pain syndromes and other clinical symptoms. Sacral meningeal cyst might be suspected when definite explanation for the clinical symptom, such as herniation of the intervertebral disc or spinal stenosis is not found. Plain films and CT may suggest the presence of sacral meningeal cyst, but MR is the current imaging study of choice. Evaluation of the correlation between the symptom and the cyst is as important as detection of it. We have experienced a case of sacral meningeal cyst detected during caudal epidural block. The patient complained of low back pain radiating to thigh. Plain films and lumbar spine CT showed no remarkable finding except disc bulging. During caudal epidural needle insertion, there was leakage of clear CSF, and intrasacral cystic shadow was visualized by dye injection. MR confirmed sacral meningeal cyst.