• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 1993

Crystal violet, a typical triphenylmenthane dye (N, N, N', N', N", N"-hexa methylparaosaniline), extensively used in textile dye, industry and research, has been suggested to cause tumor growth in botton-feeding fishes. For the isolation of crystal violet degrading bacteria, wastewaters were sampled from plants' wastewater treatment facility, textile treatment facility, textile wastewater treatment plant and etc.. The most efficient strain in crystal violet degrading bacteria was identified as Klebsiella oxytoca. Added sole carbon source in PAS minimal media was 10mg/l crystal violet, which incubated at 30。C, the degrading efficiency was maximum 12.3%. When fructose, glucose, sucrose and yeast-extract were added 0.01% in PAS media respectively, the degrading efficiency were all 96% within 24 hours.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2010

An alkalophilic microorganism capable of degrading dyes was developed for the treatment of alkaline dye solution. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas species. Using this microorganism, biological treatment of dye was studied in Erlenmeyer flasks. The characteristics of this microorganism were observed under various incubating-condition such as temperature, pH, nitrogen source, and macronutrients concentration. The removal effciencies of Disperse Red 60 from synthetic wastewater were 33.5 ~ 36.9% at the range of $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$, and they were 31.1 ~ 36.7% at the range of initial pH 8 ~ pH 10, respectively. The optimal culture medium was found to be 0.25%(w/v) yeast extract, 0.25%(w/v) polypeptone, 0.1%(w/v) $KH_2PO_4$, 0.2%(w/v) $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, and 1.0%(w/v) $Na_2CO_3$. In treatment of various dyes using Erlenmeyer flasks, the removal effciencies of Disperse Blue 87, Disperse Yellow 64, Disperse Red 60, Acid Blue 193, Acid Red 138, and Direct Yellow 23 were found to be 76%, 71%, 58%, 93%, 94%, and 90% respectively after 24hrs reaction of alkalophilic strain Pseudomonas sp. YBE-12.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 1999

A bacterial strain, designated T116, degrading terephthalic acid (TPA) was isolated from the soil around Taegu industrial area into which dye works wastewater flow. The isolate was identified as pseudomonas sp. based on its morphological and physiological characteristics. Degradation of TPA by the strain T116 was confirmed with UV scanning and HPLC. About 90% and 98% of TPA were degraded after 36 and 60 hours, respectively, during the culture in a liquid medium containing 0.1% TPA. Addition of KH2PO4 at a final concentration of 100ppm enhanced the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate about 50% from dye works wastewater by Pseudomonas sp. T116. Optimum pH and temperature for COD reduction from wastewater were 7.0 and 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The bacterium was applied to the continuous culture for the treatment of dye works wastewater whose TPA concentration and CODMn were 2,200ppm and 1,620ppm, respectively. It was observed that 90-95% of COD was eliminated after 4 days culture in the continuous culture with a retention time of 37 or 47 hours.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2009

The process of biodegradation in lingo-cellulosic materials is critically relevant to biospheric carbon. The study of this natural process has largely involved laboratory investigations, focused primarily on the biodegradation and recycling of agricultural by-products, generally using basidiomycetes species. In order to collect super white rot fungi and evaluate its ability to degrade lingo-cellulosic material, 35 fungal strains, collected from forests, humus soil, livestock manure, and dead trees, were screened for enzyme activities and their potential to decolorize the commercially used Poly-R 478 dye. In the laccase enzymatic analysis chemical test, 33 white rot fungi and 2 brown rot fungi were identified. The degradation ability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) according to the utilized environmental conditions was higher in the mushrooms grown in dead trees and fallen leaves than in the mushrooms grown in humus soil and livestock manure. Using Poly-R 478 dye to assess the PAH-degradation activity of the identified strains, four strains, including Agrocybe pediades, were selected. The activities of laccase, MnP, and Lip of the four strains with PAH-degrading ability were highest in Pleurotus incarnates. 87 fungal strains, collected from forests, humus soil, livestock manure, and dead trees, were screened for enzyme activities and their potential to decolorize the commercially used Poly-R 478 dye on solid media. Using Poly-R 478 dye to assess the PAHdegrading activity of the identified strains, it was determined that MKACC 51632 and 52492 strains evidenced superior activity in static and shaken liquid cultures. Subsequent screening on plates containing the polymeric dye poly R-478, the decolorization of which is correlated with lignin degradation, resulted in the selection of a strain of Coriolus versicolor, MKACC52492, for further study, primarily due to its rapid growth rate and profound ability to decolorize poly R-478 on solid media. Considering our findings using Poly-R 478 dye to evaluate the PAH-degrading activity of the identified strains, Coriolus versicolor, MKACC 52492 was selected as a favorable strain. Coriolus versicolor, which was collected from Mt. Yeogi in Suwon, was studied for the production of the lignin-modifying enzymes laccase, manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.473-480
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• 1998

The bacterial strain JE-1 degrading and utilizing Congo Red as a sole carbon source was isolated from dye-contaminated soul and Identified as Enterobacter species. Enterobacter sp. JE-1 had the highesc decolorization ability when It was cultured In the medium containing 0.05% $NH_4N0_3, 0.05% K_2HP0_4, 0. 03%$ $MgSO_4$, $7H_2O$, 0.025% Congo Red, initial pH 7.0 at $30^{\circ}C$, respectively Enterobacter sp. n-1 had the relatively high substrate specificity. The dye decolorizing activity was exclusively extracellular. The expected metabolic intermediates of Congo Red by Enterobacter sp.15-1 were analyzed by GC/MS. As a result. metabolic products like hauadecanoic acid, 1, 2, 3-triphenylcyclopropene, aliphatic hydrocarbons butylester were detected. Benzldine 616 not detected.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.93-95
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• 2010

리그닌 분해효소 군을 가진 백색부후균들은 다핵방향족 화합물을 포함하여 염료와 폭약 및 내분비장애 물질의 분해 등 다양한 난분해성 물질을 분해할 수 있다. 리그닌 분해효소 중 laccase와 manganese peroxidase (MnP)를 각각 발현하는 벡터를 국내에서 분리한 백색부후균류의 하나인 아교버섯(Phlebia tremellosa)에 형질전환 방법으로 도입시킨 형질전환체를 사용하여 염료의 탈색능력을 분석하였다. Methyl green의 경우 3일 후 약 50%의 탈색을 보인 야생형에 비하여 laccase 형질전환체(TF2-1)와 MnP 형질전환체(T5) 모두 90% 이상의 탈색을 보였다. Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR)에서는 야생형이 약 67%의 탈색을 보인 반면 두 가지 형질전환체들은 약 85%의 탈색을 보였다. 각각의 형질전환체들은 laccase와 MnP의 활성 및 유전자 발현도 활발한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.544-552
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• 2002

Several microorganisms from rat and human feces and lumen fluid of cows were screened for their ability to decolorize the synthetic dyes. Consequently, a novel dye-degrading strain AB&J was isolated. Taxonomic identification including 165 rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate had 99.9% homology in its 165 rDNA base sequence with Clostridium perfringens. After 27 h Incubation with the strain, brilliant blue R, bromophenol blue, crystal violet, malachite green, methyl green, and methyl orange were decolorized by about 69.3%, 97.7%, 96.3%, 97.9%, 75.1%, and 97.2%, respectively. The triphenlmethane dye, bromophenol blue, was decolorized extensively by growing Clostridium perfringens AB&J cells in liquid cultures under anaerobic condition, although their growth was strongly inhibited in the initial stage of incubation. This group of dyes is toxic, depending on the concentration used. The dye was significantly decolorized at a relatively lower concentration of below 50 $\mu g \;ml^{-1}$, however, the growth of the cells was mostly suppressed at a dye concentration of 100 $\mu g \;ml^{-1}$. The decolorization activity in cell-free extracts was much higher in cytoplasm than in periplasm and cytoplasmic membrane. Therefore, the enzyme related uptake of bromophenol blue seemed to be localized in cytoplasm. The optimal pH and temperature of bromophenol blue uptake fur decolorization activities were 7.0 and 4$0^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.731-736
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• 1999

동두천과 반월공단에서 87가지의 균주를 분리하였다. 그 중 5가지 균주가 색도 제거율이 우수함을 보였으며, 동정을 통해 Shewanella putrefaciens, Aeromonas salmonicida(서로 다른 3종), Pseudomonas vesicularis로 각각 동정되었다. 동정된 5종의 미생물들은 성장에 최적인 pH와 온도는 각각 7.0과 30$^{\circ}C$이었으며, Gram negative, catalase nagative, rod shape, 그리고 비운동성을 보였다. 500 mL 플라스크에서 분리된 균주 중 단일균주를 사용하여 염색폐수를 처리한 경우 약 35%의색도 제거율을 보였다. 2균주를 조합하여 적용하였을 때는, 색도 제거율이 65%까지 증가한 반면, 3균주 조합 혹은 그 이상의 균주 조합에서는 2균주 조합보다 더 좋은 효율은 보이지 않았다. 염색폐수 분해시 $Mn^{2+},\;Fe^{3+}$와 같은 중금속의 영향을 조사하였는데, 70 ppm 이하의 농도에서는 별로 영향을 주지 않았다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1999

Strains degrading and decolorizing acid dyes, Nylosan red E-BL 150%. were isolated from natural system, was named as ARK3. The optimal culture conditions of temperature and pH were $35^\circ{C}$, 7.0, respectively. Growth rate of cells in conditions of aerobic shaking more than standing culture conspicuously increased, and optical density of those to strain ARK3 were found as 1.38 and 0.25 after 42 hrs. Decolorization efficiency in batch culture which used as immobilization media to natural zeolite was 15% after 6 hrs, while suspension culture was 5%, also its of immobilization and suspension culture were 90% and 85% after 48 hrs, respectively. Decolorization efficiency of air-lift bioreactor was more than 90% to a dilution rate of $0.038hr^{-1}$, but that was decreased as 70%, when the dilution rate was $0.05hr^{-1}$. Even though at maximum dilution rate of this study, there was not appeared "wash out" phenomienon of biomass. Decolorization efficiency was 97.7% at a dilution rate of $0.025hr^{-1}$, when influent dye concentration was $100mg/\ell$. But if influent dye concentration increased as $150mg/\ell$, even though MLVSS increased, that of treatment water decreased as 93%. Also, when influent dye concentration increased as $200mg/\ell$ and $300mg/\ell$, decolorization efficiencies of treatment water abruptly decreased as 85% and 63%, respectively. Decolorization efficiency was more than 92% to the limit volumetric loading rate of $3.75mg/\ell\cdot{hr}$hr, without regard to variation of influent dye concentration or hydraulic retention time. if volumetric loading rate was more than $3.80mg/\ell\cdot{hr}$, at same condition, decolorization efficiency was lower decrease of retention time than increase of influent dye concentration.entration.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2001

자연계로부터 anthraquinone계 염료인 Remazol brilliant blue R를 분해.탈색하는 호알칼리성 균주를 분리하여 Bacillus sp. ARB1으로 명명하고 성장특성을 조사하였다. 최적 배양온도와 pH는 $35^{\circ}C$, pH 9.0로 나타났다. 배양액의 초기 pH가 10과 10.5일 경우 배양시간의 경과에 따라 pH 값이 점점 감소하여 40시간 후 9.3, 9.4로 각각 감소하였다. 진탕배양의 경우가 정치배양의 경우보다 Bacillus sp. ARB1의 탈색율이 현저히 높았다. 최적 배양조건에서 Bacillus sp. ARB1을 회분배양한 결과 배양 32시간 후 93%의 탈색율을 나타내었다. 실제 염색가공폐수를 사용한 회분배양에서 40시간 후에 탈색율은 78%로 나타났다.