• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.539-550
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• 1996

Experiment was conducted to study the effect of sources of dietary fiber on the intestinal morphology of geese. Sixty white Roman geese of two-week-old were divided randomly into six groups and were fed with isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets which contain alfalfa meal, barley hull, rice hull, purified cellulose, lignin, or pectin as the major dietary source of fiber. Different sources of dietary fiber significantly influenced the villi height and the crypt depth in the duodenum, and the villi height and the muscle layer thickness in the ileum (p < 0.05). The duodenal villus in the geese that fed diets with alfalfa meal, rice hull or pectin supplemented were significantly longest ($968.5{\mu}m$), whereas the lignin group was significantly shortest villus and deepest crypt depth (p < 0.05). The thicknesses of the ileal and caecal muscle layer were significantly thicker in the geese fed with cellulose supplemented diets than in those fed with the other treatment diets. The caecum of the barley bran fed geese possessed significantly longest villi and the most thick muscle layers (p < 0.05). From scanning electronic microscopic observation, the leafy and plate-like in the duodenal villi morphology of geese represented a more effective nutrient absorption in the small intestine. The morphology of ileal villi in geese was similar from herbivorous rabbit and from the African Green monkey.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.530-536
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• 2010

Cdc25B is a mitotic regulator that might act as a starter phosphatase to initiate the positive feedback loop at the entry into mitotic (M) phase. In the present study, distribution of Cdc25B mRNA in duodenal mucosa of the chicken was demonstrated by means of in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) using sense and antisense digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled RNA probes. The results showed that there were many labeled cells distributing in the duodenal mucosa of the adult chicken. Of these labeled cells, 81.60${\pm}$9.63% of Cdc25B mRNA positive cells was distributed in the basilar part and mid-portion of the intestinal gland and 36.21${\pm}$8.81% in the middle and basilar portion of villi of the small intestine of the chicken, respectively. Most of these labeled cells were positive in the regions of the stem cell and proliferation. The signals of ISHH decreased from basilar to upper part in the crypt of Lieberkuhn and weakened in the inferior villi of the duodenum. Moreover, the positive signals were both in the cytoplasm and cell nucleus. However, the labeled cells were negative in both the lamina muscularis mucosae and muscular layer. The results of ISHH suggested the existence of Cdc25B mRNA and vigorous proliferation activities in the duodenal mucosa of adult chicken, replenishing the cells which had sloughed off from the superior part of the villus. Our results provide some molecular evidence for a regular pattern of avian intestinal epitheliosis and functional partition and provide an approach to further study of the locations of Cdc25B in the chicken.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.188-199
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• 2002

Objectives : Banhasasim-tang has been clinically used to treat upper gastric intestinal discomfort. The object of this study is to examine the defense effect of Banhasasim-tang for acute duodenal injury of the mouse. Methods and Materials : Twenty-one rats were divided into 3 groups and treated as follows: the control group was untreated mice. The ADE group was acute duodenal-damage-elicited mice. The BST group was Banhasasim-tang treated mice before acute duodenal damage elicitation. The groups were examined with common morphology, paneth cells in intestinal crypt, absorptive cells and goblet cells in epithelium, cell division in mucose, COX-l as mucosal protector, COX-2 (which appears to play an important role in inflammation), IL-2R-inducing cellular immuno-chainreaction, and the distribution of apoptotic cells. Results : 1. Common morphology: the ADE group was observed with duodenal injury - loss of villi, infiltration of cells concerned to inflammation (lymphocytes, granular leukocytes) to submucosal layer - by hemorrhagic erosions, while the BST group was seen the same as normal in proportion to increasing treatment time before injury. 2. Histochemical change: the ADE group was observed with noticeable decreased distribution of absorptive cells with microvilli, acid mucin secreted goblet cell, neutral mucin secreted goblet cell, paneth cells compared to the normal group. The BST group was seen to have distribution of epithelium cells resembling normal in proportion to increasing treatment time before injury. 3. Imnunohistochemical change: the ADE group showed a change of factors leading to duodenal injury as reduce of cytokinesis, COX-1, increase of COX-2, IL-2R-. In contrast, the BST group tended to reduction of cytokinesis, COX-1, increase of COX-2, IL-2R- in proportion to increasing taking time before injury. 4. Apoptosis change: the ADE group showed increasing apoptosis cells, in contrast to the BST group which was the same as normal in proportion to increasing treatment time before injury. Conclusions : According to the above results, by increasing the defense system of mucosal epithelium, Banhasasim-tang is thought to effectively protect tissue against ulcers resulting from acute duodenal injury.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.300-314
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Sasammaickmoondong-tang(SME) on duodenal mucosal lesions induced by indomethacin in mouse. Methods : The normal group is that no inflammation elicitated mouse. Control group is that gastro-inflammation elicitated mouse. Sample group is that SME administered mouseice after gastro-inflammation elicitation. Results : In the common morphology and histochemical change, control group was observed various injury-mucous surface cell, micro-villi, paneth cell, surface epithelial cell, goblet cell-by hemorrhagic erosion, while sample group was as same as normal group. In the immunohistochemical change, the distributions of COX-1, Bcl-2, and BrdU treated with SME noticeably increased than control group(p<0.05). The distributions of TUNEL, $NF-{\kappa}B$, COX-2, $IL-2R-{\alpha}$, NK-1.1, ICAM-1, and CD11b/18 treated with SME noticeably decreased than control group(p<0.05). And the distribution of SBA was as same as normal group. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is supposed that Sasammaickmoondong-tang is applicable to duodenal mucosal lesions.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1989

Fibricela seoulensis에 감염된 마우스나 흰쥐 소장에는 점막 융모(villi)의 단축, 융합, 둔 화 등 퇴행성 변화와 상피층 결손, 위축 등이 초래되며, 선와(crypts)는 증식되는 소견을 보인다. 이러한 병변이 충체를 구충한 후에는 어떻게 치유되는가를 관찰하고자 이 연구를 시행하였다. 즉 흰쥐에 1,000개 씩의 피낭유충을 감염시키고 15일 후에 프라지콴텐을 10 mg/kg씩 투여하여 구충한 다 음 투약 후 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 21및 28일에 각각 도살하고 조직절편을 만들어 병변을 관찰하였다. 정상 대조군의 소장에는 손가락 모양의 가늘고 긴 융모가 일정하게 배열되어 있었고, 기질에는 병변이 없었다. 융모/선와(V/C) 높이의 비율은 2 : 1∼3 : 1이었다. 감염 대조군은 심한 융모의 융합, 둔단화, 상피층의 결손, 위축, 기질층의 염증, 부종 등 융모 위축과 선와 증식 소견을 보였다. 프라지관텔 투여 후 1일과 3일에는 감염 대조군과 비슷한 정도로 융모의 병변이 보였으나 5일에는 기질층의 변화가 없었고 일부 융모가 회복되기 시작하였고 7일w15일 사이에는 대부분의 점막에서 융모가 정상화되어 가는 소견을 보였다. 구충 3주 후에는 완전히 회복되었다. 이상의 결과는 계. seoulensis 감염에 의해 형성된 소장 점막의 병변이 구충제로 성충을 제거한 후 약 3주 이내에 완전히 정상적인 융모의 모습으로 치유될 수 있음을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.387-395
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• 1994

The effect of vitamin C on th egramoxone toxicity in the duodenal globlet cells of rats were investigated suing histochemical methods. Rats in control, gramoxone and gramoxone+vitmain C (Vt.C) group, aged 6 to 7 weeks, were fed 18% casein diet. In th egramoxone group, neutral and acid mucins of the globlet cells in villi and crypts of duodenum tended to decrease as compared with the control group. And the globle cells secreting nonsuphated mucins tended to increase in number, being usually accompanied by a decrease of the globlet cells secreting suphated mucins which are prominent in the duodenal mucosa of control group. However, the goblet cells secreting nonsuphated mucins tended to increase in the gramoxone + Vt.C group. Morphological changes of the globlet cells in the gramoxone group were noted vacuolation and demolition of globlet cells, while those changes were not significant in the gramoxone +Vt. C group. It seems to be that Vt. C has alleviating effects on the gramoxone toxicity in secretion and production of the duodenal goblet cells.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.752-769
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• 2022

Wheat gluten is an increasingly common ingredient in poultry diets but its impact on the small intestine in chicken is not fully understood. This study aimed to identify effects of high-gluten diets on chicken small intestines and the variation of their associated transcriptional responses by age. A total of 120 broilers (Ross Strain) were used to perform two animal experiments consisting of two gluten inclusion levels (0% or 25%) by bird's age (1 week or 4 weeks). Transcriptomics and histochemical techniques were employed to study the effect of gluten on their duodenal mucosa using randomly selected 12 broilers (3 chicks per group). A reduction in feed intake and body weight gain was found in the broilers fed a high-gluten containing diet at both ages. Histochemical photomicrographs showed a reduced villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum of gluten-fed broilers at 1 week. We found mainly a significant effect on the gene expression of duodenal mucosa in gluten-fed broilers at 1 week (289 differentially expressed genes [DEGs]). Pathway analyses revealed that the significant DEGs were mainly involved in ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways. These pathways are involved in ribosome protein biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism, respectively. Our results suggest a pattern of differential gene expression in these pathways that can be linked to chronic inflammation, suppression of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. And via such a mode of action, high-gluten inclusion levels in poultry diets could lead to the observed retardation of villi development in the duodenal mucosa of young broiler chicken.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1994

임신 26주, 27주의 생명력이 없는 한국인 태아 2예를 대상으로 십이지장 점막에서의 장내분비세포군집(일부 일본인 학자들이 명명한 "Segi's cap")의 출현, 형태 및 구조를 관찰하고. 이들 세포군집에서 내분비세포들의 존재 및 면역조직 화학적 특징들을 관찰하고자, 파라핀조직절편과 냉동박절 후 hematoxvlin과 eosin염색. Azan염색, Comori법, 그리고 면역조직화학염색 표본을 제작, 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과들을 얻었다 세포들의 군집 형태는 장 내강을 향해서는 오목한 형태였고, 기저막을 향해서는 볼록한 형태였다. 군집을 이룬 세포들은 중층을 이루었고. 술잔세포도 장 내캉목에서 관찰되었다 또한. 내강쪽에 위치한 세포들의 경우 미세융모들의 줄무의가장자리는 관찰되지 않았다 Leuenkephalin, somatostatin, substance p, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide 및 5-HT 항혈청을 이용하여 면역조직염색한 결과 somatostatin 양성반응세포와 5-HT 양성반응세포만이 관찰되었다. 이들 somatostatin 양성반응 세포와 5-HT 양성반응세포들은 대개가 원추형의 세포들로서 개구형을 이루고 있음을 관찰한 수 있었다.관찰한 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2017

Objective: The study was to investigate the effects of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) and glutamine (Gln) supplementation on the intestinal mucosa barrier in piglets. Methods: A total of 180 barrows with initial weight $10.01{\pm}0.03kg$ were randomly allocated to three treatments, and each treatment consisted of three pens and twenty pigs per pen. The piglets of three groups were fed with control diet [0.62% alanine (Ala)], Ala-Gln diet (0.5% Ala-Gln), Gln diet (0.34% Gln and 0.21% Ala), respectively. Results: The results showed that in comparison with control diet, dietary Ala-Gln supplementation increased the height of villi in duodenum and jejunum (p<0.05), Gln supplementation increased the villi height of jejunum (p<0.05), Ala-Gln supplementation up-regulated the mRNA expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in jejunal mucosa (p<0.05), raised the mRNA expressions of Claudin-1, Occludin, zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) and the protein levels of Occludin, ZO-1 in jejunal mucosa (p<0.05), Ala-Gln supplementation enlarged the number of goblet cells in duodenal and ileal epithelium (p<0.05), Gln increased the number of goblet cells in duodenal epithelium (p<0.05) and Ala-Gln supplementation improved the concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G in the jejunal mucosa (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that dietary Ala-Gln supplementation could maintain the integrity of small intestine and promote the functions of intestinal mucosa barriers in piglets.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1951-1962
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate single cell protein (SCP), produced from Methylococcus species, as a protein source on the growth performance, carcass traits and gut health of broiler chickens. Methods: Ten iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets containing 0 (Control), 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% SCP replacing either soybean meal (T₁ to T₅) or fish meal (T₆ to T₁₀) were formulated. Each diet prepared for starter (0 to 14 days), grower (15 to 21 days), and finisher (22 to 42 days) phases was offered to four replicates of 10 chicks each (n = 400). Growth performance at different phases and carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology on 42nd day of trial were measured. Results: Body weight gain in groups fed 2.5% and 5% SCP diets were comparable to control during different phases and cumulatively, however lower (p<0.01) in 7.5% and 10% SCP diets. Feed conversion ratio was better (p<0.01) in 2.5% and 5% SCP diets. Dressing percentage, abdominal fat percentage and meat:bone ratio were not affected (p>0.05) by SCP inclusion in the diets. However, breast percentage was higher (p<0.01) in 2.5% and 5% SCP groups and thigh percentage higher in 7.5% and 10% SCP groups. Total microbial count in duodenum, jejunum and ileum were not affected (p>0.05) by SCP inclusion up to 10% in diets. Duodenal villi length and crypt depth were highest (p<0.01) in group fed 5% SCP diets and lowest in group fed 10% SCP diets. Jejunal villi length and crypt depth as well as ileal villi length were lowest (p<0.01) in group fed 10% SCP diets. Body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and gut health were better (p<0.01) in broilers fed fish meal based diets compared to soybean meal based diets. Conclusion: It was concluded that inclusion of SCP up to 5% replacing soybean meal in broiler diets is beneficial in improving growth rate, breast yield and gut health status.