• Title/Summary/Keyword: dual-core

Search Result 240, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

THE MEASUREMENT OF THE IONOSPHERIC TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT USING P-CODE OF GPS (GPS의 P 코드를 이용한 이온층의 총전자수 측정)

  • 서윤경;박필호;박종욱;이동훈
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
    • /
    • v.11 no.1
    • /
    • pp.71-80
    • /
    • 1994
  • It is generally known that the measurement of the ionospheric total electron content(TEC) by GPS can more accurately monitor the broader area of the ionosphere than other current methods. \Ve measured the TEC along a slant path considering the arrival time differences of P-code which is transmitted from GPS satellites with the modulation on two L-band carrier frequencies, L1 (1574.42MHz) and L2 (1227.60MHz). Under the assumptions that the ionosphere is uniformly distributed and its average height is 350km, we transformed the slant TEC to the vertical TEC at the point that the line-of-sight direction to GPS satellite cut across the average height of the ionosphere. Because there is no dual frequency P-code GPS receiver in Korea, we used the data observed at the TAIW GPS station ($N25^{\circ},E121.5^{\circ}$) in Taiwan which is one of the core stations in International GPS and Geodynamics Services (IGS). The TEC values obtained in this work showed a typical daily variation of the ionosphere which is high in the daytime and low in the nighttime. Our results are found to be consistent with the SOLAR-DAILY data of NOAA and the Klobuchar's model for the ionospheric correction of GPS. In addition, in the cornparision with SOLAR-DAILY data, we estimated the precision of our TEC measurement as 2 TEC.

  • PDF

A Study on the Development of Family Welfare Program for Strengthening Family Life - Special Reference to Family Life Education - (建全家庭 育成을 위한 家族福祉 프로그램 開發에 관한 硏究 - 家族生活 敎育을 中心으로 -)

  • Yoo, Young-Ju
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
    • /
    • v.9 no.1 s.17
    • /
    • pp.45-63
    • /
    • 1991
  • The purpose of this study was to develop Family Welfare Program for strengthening Family Life, especially focused on the Family Life Education. In order to perform the above research purpose, this study was organized three sections. First, conceptualizing strong family second, measurement the degree of strong family third, is about the Family Life Education. I defined that the concept of strong family is functional family that is family members(husbands & wives)perform successfully internal family functions. I measured the strong family by means of family function performance scale which is composed by 54 questionnaires. Through the survey study with the family function performance scale. I recognized the necessity of Family Life Education for strengthening family function. Family Life Education(FLE)is an educational specialty which was originated in reaction to changing social conditions, industrialization, and urbanization. It deals with the perceive inadequacies of families to cope with these changes, thereby reducing social problems involved with, and improving family life. With and assumption that the studies about FLE have not been so active in Korea, the present thesis examines the FLE in Korea : i.e., the defintion, the objectives, the scope, the approximation of family life education, and the necessity of marital education in Korea based upon the published theories of FLE in the United States of America. Also, it attemps to formulate tentative plan for the promotion of a FLE program in Korea. The concept of FLE in Korea was mainfested itn the social educational law and lifespan institutional, governmental attention. It is defined as "the family life education to enhance the quality of human life, to solve family problems, to develop and individual's potentiality, and to strengthen the family interaction." Of the FLE program, the marital education is considered one of the crucial subjects because it is the core of the family life. With this premise, FLE tries to support the healthy marital relations, subsequently helping to explore the family potentiality and to strengthen family ties. Considering the seemingly dual characteristics of the contents of marital educations, and effective expressions of mutual affection. In addition, reciprocal understanding and cooperation of the married couples to overcome the differences of value, personality, hobby, and religion, the educational methods in child rearing kids, and the effective management of home economics should be included. The objects of the FLE program are unmarried, pre-married, and married persons. For the married persons, the FLE program should be arranged in accordance with their marital status classified by the family life cycle so that they amy prevent possible family problems t each stages of the family life. Also, to prevent the problems incurred in the course of carrying out family functions, the FLE program should be provided with on the basis of a family unit, there by improving the quality of the family functions.

  • PDF

Christian Teachers in Tense Situation: Performative Dialogue Stimulating Normative Professionalism (긴장의 시대 속에서 규범적 전문주의를 촉진하는 기독교교사의 수행적 대화에 관한 연구)

  • Avest, K.H. (Ina) ter
    • Journal of Christian Education in Korea
    • /
    • v.61
    • /
    • pp.9-35
    • /
    • 2020
  • In the second half of the previous century the composition of the teacher population - and the composition of the pupil and parent population - in the Netherlands gives rise to the name change 'age of secularisation' to 'age of pluralisation'. In previous centuries the (religious or secular) worldview identity of the parents and the educational philosophy of the school were attuned to each other, and merged into a mono-cultural perspective on the identity development of pupils. The basis for both - the upbringing by the parents and the socialisation in the family on the one hand, and the teachers' efforts to enculturate the students at the school on the other - was a similar life orientation. The school choice of the parents was predetermined by their commitment to a particular (religious) worldview, very often inspired by Christianity. The religious identity of their children developed in a clear-cut context. However, in contemporary society plurality dominates, at home and at the school, both in case of the parents and the teachers. A direct relationship with a community of like-minded believers is no longer decisive for parents with varying cultural and religious backgrounds. Instead, a good feeling upon entering the schoolyard or the school building is a convincing argument in the process of school choice. The professional identity development of teachers and the religious identity development of children takes place in a plural context. Our question is: what does this mean for the normative professionalism of the teacher? To answer this research question we make use of the resources of the Dialogical Self Theory (DST) with its core concepts of 'voice' and 'positioning'. After presenting the Dutch dual education system (with public and denominational schools) we provide a lively description of a Dutch classroom situation occurring in a public school, as viewed from the perspective of the teacher. The focus in this description is on performative dialogue as a 'disruptive moment' and on its potential for the hyphenated religious identity development of teachers, which makes up a part of their normative professionalism.

  • PDF

Development of RFID terminal for the Blind to Voice Guide Pharmaceutical E-pedigree (시각장애인을 위한 RFID 의약품 음성안내 단말기 개발)

  • Kang, Joon-Hee;Ahn, Sung-Soo;Kim, Jin-Young
    • 전자공학회논문지 IE
    • /
    • v.47 no.3
    • /
    • pp.19-25
    • /
    • 2010
  • We developed a RFID terminal to voice guide the blind who have difficulties in reaching out to the pharmaceutical information. In this work, we used RFID technology to instruct the pharmaceutical information to the blind. The voice guidance reader was made to read the RFID tag attached to the drugs and announced the pharmaceutical information matching to the tag specific ID. We had the reader to obtain the pharmaceutical information from the ezDrug site operated by Korea Food & Drug Association. The voice guidance reader was fabricated as necklace type for the easy carry, and we added mp3 player as dual uses. ARM series Cortex M3 chip was used for the reader's core chip and low power MFRC523 chipset of NXP was used to construct RFID circuit. MFRC523 chip uses low power to meet the mobile application. We used VS1003B MP3 Decoder IC to make the voice generation circuit and CC2500 chipset for the wireless communication to the pharmaceutical information server. We also developed the system that can support ISO 14443A type and ISO 14443B type so that the system can be used to extend to various RFID protocols. Utilization of this system can conveniently convey the pharmaceutical information to the blind and reduce the drug abuse.

Estimation of Flood Discharge using Satellite-derived Rainfall in Abroad Watershed - A Case Study of Pasig-Marakina, Phillippines - (위성강우를 이용한 해외 유역 홍수량 추정 - 필리핀 파시그-마라키나강 유역을 대상으로 -)

  • Kim, Joo Hun;Choi, Yun Seok;Kim, Kyeong Tak
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
    • /
    • 2018.05a
    • /
    • pp.398-398
    • /
    • 2018
  • OECD 발표에 의하면 물산업 관련 인프라 투자 전망은 전세계 GDP 대비 2010~2020년 약 1.01%에서 2020~2030년 약 1.03%로 확대될 전망으로 다른 통신, 전력, 철도 인프라 투자수요보다 많을 것으로 전망하고 있다(파이넨셜 뉴스, 2013.3.21.). 우리나라는 2005년 베트남 홍강종합개발사업을 시작으로 2015년 기준으로 세계 35개국에 진출하고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 물 산업 진출 대상 국가는 미계측 유역이 많고 지상에서 계측된 수문 자료가 부족한 실정이다. Namgung and Lee(2014)에 의하면 네팔의 수력발전소 건설에 관측된 강우량 자료가 없어 발전소 하류 10km 지점의 유하량 자료를 이용하여 자료의 정확도 검증을 대신하여 적용한 바 있다. 이와 같이 계측자료가 없거나 부족한 지역에 대하여 기상 위성을 이용하여 추정된 강수량 자료가 해당 지역의 강수 특성을 파악하는데 중요한 자료로 이용될 수 있다. 글로벌 위성 기반의 강수량 관측에 대한 역사는 1979년에 IR방법에 의해 위성으로부터 강우자료를 유도하는 개념이 도입된 이후 1987년 다중 채널의 마이크로파(MW) 복사계를 이용한 방법, 이후 두 IR과 MW를 혼합한 방법에서, 1997년 TRMM위성의 PR(Precpipitation Radar)의 레이더를 이용하는 방법, 그리고 2014년 GPM 핵심 위성(GPM Core Observatory)에 탑재된 Dual PR에 의한 방법으로 위성강수의 정확도를 매우 높여가고 있다. 본 연구는 KOICA 사업으로 진행중인 필리핀 메트로 마닐라 홍수조기경보 및 모니터링 체계 구축사업 중 파시그-마라키나강(Pasig-Marakina) 유역의 2012년 8월의 홍수사상에 대한 위성강우 및 글로벌 지형자료를 이용하여 홍수 유출량을 추정하는 것으로 목적으로 하고 있다. 유역내 6개 관측소의 일일 강우량 자료와 GPM IMERG 일강우량 자료 상관분석 결과 약 0.623, Bias는 -0.147, RMSE는 15.7정도로 분석되었다. 홍수량 분석은 2012년 8월 홍수가 발생한 시기인 2012년 8월 1일 00(UTC)부터 2012년 8월 16일 00(UTC)까지의 1시간 간격의 위성강우자료와 글로벌 지형자료를 이용하였고, 한국건설기술연구원의 MapWindow 기반 GRM 모형(mwGRM)을 이용하였다. 분석 결과 첨부홍수가 발생한 시기는 8월 7일 18:00(UTC)였고, 첨두 홍수량은 $4,073.9m^3/sec$로 분석되었다. 향후 수위-유량 관계식에 의해 정확도평가를 수행할 계획이다.

  • PDF

A Comparative Study on Welfare-Dictatorship Exchange in the East Germany and the North Korea (복지와 독재의 교환에 관한 동독과 북한의 비교연구)

  • Hwang, Gyu Seong
    • 한국사회정책
    • /
    • v.23 no.2
    • /
    • pp.113-139
    • /
    • 2016
  • This article tries to compare exchange relations between welfare and dictatorship in the East Germany and the North Korea. Unlike capitalist welfare aiming at correcting market results socialist welfare has been proposed to satisfy people's basic needs, but it had operated as instrument of dictatorship. Relation between welfare and dictatorship could be distinguished as hard exchange and soft one in line with social construction of welfare. Welfare-dictatorship relation in East Germany had developed from its formation(1949-1970s), crisis(1980s) and dissolution(1989-1990). There had established hard exchange relation in which the legitimacy of dominance had debted to welfare as social rights. While crisis of the exchange relation had been modest in a form of insufficient supply of consumption goods, it was one of the elements of collapse of dictatorship, leading to the unification with West Germany. The journey of the exchange relation in North Korea can be characterized by its formation(1948-1980), crisis(1990s-2000s), and transformation(2010s). Unlike East Germany, welfare was socially constructed as gift form the ruler to the ruled, which made the combination of welfare and dictatorship loosely coupled. Although economic crisis was severe compared to East German one the rulers have succeeded maintaining dictatorial dominance by creating dual exchange relation. They separated core group and subordinated one supporting the former at the expense of the latter. They blocked out most of the people from soft exchange relation making bad use of muddling-through life style dependent on market activities. This strategy led to a 'dictatorship neutral welfare extinction'. Taking the high degree of institutionalization of newly establishing welfare-dictatorship relation into account, lives of most people are hardly expected to be improved by gift by their rulers even if North Korean economy will recover in the future.

Hsa-miR-422a Originated from Short Interspersed Nuclear Element Increases ARID5B Expression by Collaborating with NF-E2

  • Kim, Woo Ryung;Park, Eun Gyung;Lee, Hee-Eun;Park, Sang-Je;Huh, Jae-Won;Kim, Jeong Nam;Kim, Heui-Soo
    • Molecules and Cells
    • /
    • v.45 no.7
    • /
    • pp.465-478
    • /
    • 2022
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of target messenger RNA (mRNA) complementary to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) at the post-transcriptional level. Hsa-miR-422a, which is commonly known as miRNA derived from transposable element (MDTE), was derived from short interspersed nuclear element (SINE). Through expression analysis, hsa-miR-422a was found to be highly expressed in both the small intestine and liver of crab-eating monkey. AT-Rich Interaction Domain 5 B (ARID5B) was selected as the target gene of hsa-miR-422a, which has two binding sites in both the exon and 3'UTR of ARID5B. To identify the interaction between hsa-miR-422a and ARID5B, a dual luciferase assay was conducted in HepG2 cell line. The luciferase activity of cells treated with the hsa-miR-422a mimic was upregulated and inversely downregulated when both the hsa-miR-422a mimic and inhibitor were administered. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 (NF-E2) was selected as the core transcription factor (TF) via feed forward loop analysis. The luciferase expression was downregulated when both the hsa-miR-422a mimic and siRNA of NF-E2 were treated, compared to the treatment of the hsa-miR-422a mimic alone. The present study suggests that hsa-miR-422a derived from SINE could bind to the exon region as well as the 3'UTR of ARID5B. Additionally, hsa-miR-422a was found to share binding sites in ARID5B with several TFs, including NF-E2. The hsa-miR-422a might thus interact with TF to regulate the expression of ARID5B, as demonstrated experimentally. Altogether, hsa-miR-422a acts as a super enhancer miRNA of ARID5B by collaborating with TF and NF-E2.

A Study on Woman's Experience of Being Bereaved of Her Husband by an Accident (사고로 남편을 잃은 여성의 경험)

  • Park, Sung-Hark;Choi, Mi-Hye;Chung, Yeon-Kang
    • Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
    • /
    • v.7 no.2
    • /
    • pp.294-312
    • /
    • 1996
  • Relatively young widows, who are left with young children by a sudden death of their husbands, will be faced with not only psychological troubles such as individual anxiety and frustration but also the dual burden of playing both father and mother roles in a family, Also, family members have difficulty in adapting themselves to new circumstances of the family system, the training and raising of family members, and management of the family economy. In this study, the realistic resources on the experience of middle-aged women who are bereaved of their husbands by accidents were explored. The purpose of this study is to help widows adapt to life in society and live a more positive life by setting a new goals and recovering from a lost and twisted life. 11 women, who have experienced the loss their husbands and live in the Seoul metropolitan area were studied. The research took 116 days from December 15, 1995 to April 8, 1996. The method of research was direct interviews. While having interviews with them, the contents were recorded with their consent. The ground theory was that used by Strauss & Corbin(1990) in the analysis of the data. 81 concepts were analyzed and they were subdirided into 22 subordinate categories through the course of the analysis. These were then classified into 9 general categories. In the course of being categorized, 'absurdity' was showed as a core category. The subordinate categories 'surprise', 'gloom', 'grudge', 'helplessness', 'emptiness', and 'loss' were united in the core category 'absurdity'. Ominous presentiment, belated notice, death, surprise, gloom, grudge, helplessness, emptiness, loss, the situation of the children, lack of support from neighbors, support from neighbors, mulling over ways to live, choosing a job, strengthening, reinforcement, burden, sadness, smoldering, yearning, overcoming these 22 subordinate categories were re-composed into 9 general ones the husband's death, absurdity, presence of children, existence of support, self-support ability, preparation of countermeasures, self-reinforcement, toilsomeness, and overcoming. 'Absurdity' widows experience was shown in the results of 'toilsomeness' and 'overcoming' through reaction, confrontation, and adaptation. According to the analysis the central phenomenon was absurdity, the causal condition of the death of a husband, the presence of children and the existence of support, and the meditated situation of self-support. To solve absurdity, the preparation of countermeasures and self-reinforcements were shown resulting in toilsomeness and overcoming. Through the contrast in the data, the following statements were deduced: (1) If the death of the husband is expected, the more a widow will feel absurdity. (2) The more children she has and the younger she is, the more a widow will feel absurdity. (3) The lower support she is given, the more a widow will feel absurdity. (4) The larger self-ability she has, the more actively she will prepare countermeasures. (5) The smaller self-ability she has, the more passively she will prepare countermeasures. (6) The larger self-ability she has, the weaker self-reinforcement she will preform. (7) The smaller self-ability she has, the stronger self-reinforcement she will perform. (8) The more actively she prepares countermeasures for absurdity, the better she will overcome. (9) The more passively she prepares counter measure for absurdity, the worse she will overcome. (10) The stronger self-reinforcement for absurdity she performs, the better she will overcome. (11) The weaker self-reinforcement for absurdity she performs, the worse she will overcome. Through the results in this study, the following suggested: 1) A study whose object is all family members, and a comparative study on the case of a husband who has lost his wife should be done. These studies can be expected to develop a more refined theory. 2) Because of the collapse of the extended family system and the changes of family culture in Korea, a widow's status and position are apt to be ambiguous between her husband's home and her parent's. Therefore a new study on family culture should be made. 3) A continuous study on growing social Self Help Groups should be requested for the widows of this study to re-establish and recover from their twisted and scattered lives.

  • PDF

The Effects of Psychological Contract Violation on OS User's Betrayal Behaviors: Window XP Technical Support Ending Case (심리적 계약 위반이 OS이용자의 배신 행동에 미치는 영향: 윈도우 XP 기술적 지원서비스 중단 사례)

  • Lee, Un-Kon
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
    • /
    • v.24 no.3
    • /
    • pp.325-344
    • /
    • 2014
  • Technical support of Window XP ended in March, 8, 2014, and it makes OS(Operating System) users fall in a state of confusion. Sudden decision making of OS upgrade and replacement is not a simple problem. Firms need to change the long term capacity plan in enterprise IS management, but they are pressed for time and cost to complete it. Individuals can not help selecting the second best plan, because the following OSs of Window XP are below expectations in performances, new PC sales as the opportunities of OS upgrade decrease, and the potential risk of OS technical support ending had not announced to OS users at the point of purchase. Microsoft as the OS vendors had not presented precaution or remedy for this confusion. Rather, Microsoft announced that the technical support of the other following OSs of Wndow XP such as Window 7 would ended in two years. This conflict between OS vendor and OS users could not happen in one time, but could recur in recent future. Although studies on the ways of OS user protection policy would be needed to escape from this conflict, few prior studies had conducted this issue. This study had challenge to cautiously investigate in such OS user's reactions as the confirmation with OS user's expectation in the point of purchase, three types of justice perception on the treatment of OS vendor, psychological contract violation, satisfaction and the other betrayal behavioral intention in the case of Window XP technical support ending. By adopting the justice perception on this research, and by empirically validating the impact on OS user's reactions, I could suggest the direction of establishing OS user protection policy of OS vendor. Based on the expectation-confirmation theory, the theory of justice, literatures about psychological contract violation, and studies about consumer betrayal behaviors in the perspective of Herzberg(1968)'s dual factor theory, I developed the research model and hypothesis. Expectation-confirmation theory explain that consumers had expectation on the performance of product in the point of sale, and they could satisfied with their purchase behaviors, when the expectation could have confirmed in the point of consumption. The theory of justice in social exchange argues that treatee could be willing to accept the treatment by treater when the three types of justice as distributive, procedural, and interactional justice could be established in treatment. Literatures about psychological contract violation in human behaviors explains that contracter in a side could have the implied contract (also called 'psychological contract') which the contracter in the other side would sincerely execute the contract, and that they are willing to do vengeance behaviors when their contract had unfairly been broken. When the psychological contract of consumers had been broken, consumers feel distrust with the vendors and are willing to decrease such beneficial attitude and behavior as satisfaction, loyalty and repurchase intention. At the same time, consumers feel betrayal and are willing to increase such retributive attitude and behavior as negative word-of-mouth, complain to the vendors, complain to the third parties for consumer protection. We conducted a scenario survey in order to validate our research model at March, 2013, when is the point of news released firstly and when is the point of one year before the acture Window XP technical support ending. We collected the valid data from 238 voluntary participants who are the OS users but had not yet exposed the news of Window OSs technical support ending schedule. The subject had been allocated into two groups and one of two groups had been exposed this news. The data had been analyzed by the MANOVA and PLS. MANOVA results indicate that the OSs technical support ending could significantly decrease all three types of justice perception. PLS results indicated that it could significantly increase psychological contract violation and that this increased psychological contract violation could significantly reduce the trust and increase the perceived betrayal. Then, it could significantly reduce satisfaction, loyalty, and repurchase intention, and it also could significantly increase negative word-of-month intention, complain to the vendor intention, and complain to the third party intention. All hypothesis had been significantly approved. Consequently, OS users feel that the OSs technical support ending is not natural value added service ending, but the violation of the core OS purchase contract, that it could be the posteriori prohibition of OS user's OS usage right, and that it could induce the psychological contract violation of OS users. This study would contributions to introduce the psychological contract violation of the OS users from the OSs technical support ending in IS field, to introduce three types of justice as the antecedents of psychological contract violation, and to empirically validate the impact of psychological contract violation both on the beneficial and retributive behavioral intentions of OS users. For practice, the results of this study could contribute to make more comprehensive OS user protection policy and consumer relationship management practices of OS vendor.

Analyzing the Economic Value and Planning Factors of Hubs within Urban Green Infrastructure - Focusing on the Case of Sejong Lake Park - (도시 그린인프라 핵심지역의 경제적 가치와 계획 요소 분석 - 세종호수공원 사례를 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Dong-Kyu;An, Byung-Chul
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
    • /
    • v.49 no.4
    • /
    • pp.41-54
    • /
    • 2021
  • This study targets the urban park corresponding to the core areas (Hubs) of Green Infrastructure and estimates their value utilizing the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and determines the planning factors which affect them. The research aims to provide basic data for supporting the value improvement in the planning stage for urban parks representing green infrastructure. The primary purpose of this research is to derive variables that affect economic value and planning factors to improve the use-value of urban parks, one of the Hubs of the green infrastructure. In this study, Sejong Lake Park, located in Sejong City, is the target site. This study collected the responses of 105 people by conducting a survey on the intention to pay for the use-value and the planning factors that affect it, targeting visitors to Sejong Lake Park. The study conducts Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) on this survey responses. The results are as follows: first, as a result of analyzing the variables which affect willingness to pay for use-value, residence and age influence the willingness to pay significantly among socioeconomic characteristics. Next, the survey responses of Double-bounded dichotomous choices (DB-DC) CVM are converted into variables through statistic techniques. Furthermore, the variables are used for a Logit model to draw coefficients. The average willingness to pay per person for the use-value of Sejong Lake Park using the derived coefficients was approximately found to be 8,597 won. Therefore, as of 2019, Sejong Lake Park, with a total of 430,000 visitors, is estimated to have an annual economic value of 3.7 billion won. Third, the average Likert scale of the planning factor affecting the decision to pay for the economic value of Sejong Lake Park was the highest along the waterfront landscape, and the convenience facilities and waterfront landscape showed the highest willingness to pay, 10,000 won. In the range between 2,500 won and 5,000 won, the waterfront area ranks highest. Therefore, it can be said that visitors to Sejong Lake Park take account of the economic value of using the waterfront landscape the most. This study is meaningful as a thesis on use-value and the planning factors that affected value evaluation results of urban parks, and the analysis of the correlation between the planning factors of urban parks as hubs located in urban areas.