• 제목/요약/키워드: dual pair

검색결과 81건 처리시간 0.031초

Imprecise DEA Efficiency Assessments : Characterizations and Methods

  • Park, Kyung-Sam
    • Management Science and Financial Engineering
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.67-87
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    • 2008
  • Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has proven to be a useful tool for assessing efficiency or productivity of organizations which is of vital practical importance in managerial decision making. While DEA assumes exact input and output data, the development of imprecise DEA (IDEA) broadens the scope of applications to efficiency evaluations involving imprecise information which implies various forms of ordinal and bounded data possibly or often occurring in practice. The primary purpose of this article is to characterize the variable efficiency in IDEA. Since DEA describes a pair of primal and dual models, also called envelopment and multiplier models, we can basically consider two IDEA models: One incorporates imprecise data into envelopment model and the other includes the same imprecise data in multiplier model. The issues of rising importance are thus the relationships between the two models and how to solve them. The groundwork we will make includes a duality study which makes it possible to characterize the efficiency solutions from the two models. This also relates to why we take into account the variable efficiency and its bounds in IDEA that some of the published IDEA studies have made. We also present computational aspects of the efficiency bounds and how to interpret the efficiency solutions.

Screening of Promoters from Metagenomic DNA and Their Use for the Construction of Expression Vectors

  • Han, Sang-Soo;Lee, Jin-Young;Kim, Won-Ho;Shin, Hyun-Jae;Kim, Geun-Joong
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권10호
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    • pp.1634-1640
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    • 2008
  • This study was focused on the screening of valuable genetic resources, such as promoters from metagenome, and describes a promoter trapping system with a bidirectional probe concept, which can select promoters or operons from various biological resources including metagenomic DNA. A pair of reporters, GFP and DsRed, facing the opposite direction without promoters, is an effective system that can function regardless of the direction of inserted promoters. The feasibility of this system was tested for the isolation of constitutively expressed promoters in E. coli from a soil metagenome, resulting in a potential pool of various promoters for practical application. The analyses of structural organization of the trapped genes demonstrated that constitutively expressible promoters in E. coli were broadly distributed within the metagenome, and suggested that some promoters were useful for the construction of expression vectors. Based on these observations, three constitutive promoters were employed in the expression vector system and their potentials for practical application were evaluated in terms of expression level, protein solubility, and effects on host growth.

상이한 직교이방성 띠판에 대한 면외변형 하의 반무한 등속 평행균열에서의 응력확대계수 (Stress intensity factor of semi-infinite parallel crack propagated with constant velocity in dissimilar orthotropic strip under out-of-plane deformation)

  • 박재완;권용수;정재택;최성렬
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.447-456
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    • 1997
  • Stress intensity factor of semi-infinite parallel crack propagation with constant velocity in dissimilar orthotropic strip under out-of-plane clamped desplacement is investigated. Using Fourier integral transforms the boundary value problem is derived by a pair of dual integral equation and finally reduced to a single Wiener-Hopf equation. By applying Wiener-Hopf technique the equation is solved. Applying this result the asymptotic stress fields near the crack tip are determined, from which the stress intensity factor is obtained in closed form. The more the ratio of anisotropy or the ratio of bi-material shear modulus increase in the main material including the crack, the more the stress intensity factor increases. Discontinuity in the stress intensity factor is found as the parallel crack approaches the interface. In special case, the results of isotropic materials agree well with those by the previous researchers.

Development and Application of an In Situ Technology to Treat Various Soil and Groundwater Contaminants

  • Goltz, Mark N.
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 International Symposium
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    • pp.89-110
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    • 2003
  • 최근 현장(In situ)에서의 토양 및 지하수 오염 정화는 오염물질을 현장에서 추출해 지상에서 처리하는 것이 아니라, 직접 현장에서 미생물 혹은 화학물질과 오염물질의 혼합을 통한 분해기 작을 이용해, 오염물질을 제거하는 과정을 의미한다. 이러한 현장오염정화 기법 중 하나가 Figure 1에 도시한 수직흐름처리정(Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells, HFTWs)으로 2개의 정(well) 중간지점에 반응물질을 설치한 후 각각의 정에서 상향 및 하향흐름을 발생시켜 주위의 지하수를 순환시키면서 정화하는 기법이다.

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80μW/MHz 0.68V Ultra Low-Power Variation-Tolerant Superscalar Dual-Core Application Processor

  • Kwon, Youngsu;Lee, Jae-Jin;Shin, Kyoung-Seon;Han, Jin-Ho;Byun, Kyung-Jin;Eum, Nak-Woong
    • IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.71-77
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    • 2015
  • Upcoming ground-breaking applications for always-on tiny interconnected devices steadily demand two-fold features of processor cores: aggressively low power consumption and enhanced performance. We propose implementation of a novel superscalar low-power processor core with a low supply voltage. The core implements intra-core low-power microarchitecture with minimal performance degradation in instruction fetch, branch prediction, scheduling, and execution units. The inter-core lockstep not only detects malfunctions during low-voltage operation but also carries out software-based recovery. The chip incorporates a pair of cores, high-speed memory, and peripheral interfaces to be implemented with a 65nm node. The processor core consumes only 24mW at 350MHz and 0.68V, resulting in power efficiency of $80{\mu}W/MHz$. The operating frequency of the core reaches 850MHz at 1.2V.

Power Allocation in Heterogeneous Networks: Limited Spectrum-Sensing Ability and Combined Protection

  • Ma, Yuehuai;Xu, Youyun;Zhang, Dongmei
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.360-366
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    • 2011
  • In this paper, we investigate the problem of power allocation in a heterogeneous network that is composed of a pair of cognitive users (CUs) and an infrastructure-based primary network. Since CUs have only limited effective spectrum-sensing ability and primary users (PUs) are not active all the time in all locations and licensed bands, we set up a new multi-area model to characterize the heterogeneous network. A novel combined interference-avoidance policy corresponding to different PU-appearance situations is introduced to protect the primary network from unacceptable disturbance and to increase the spectrum secondary-reuse efficiency. We use dual decomposition to transform the original power allocation problem into a two-layer optimization problem. We propose a low-complexity joint power-optimizing method to maximize the transmission rate between CUs, taking into account both the individual power-transmission constraints and the combined interference power constraint of the PUs. Numerical results show that for various values of the system parameters, the proposed joint optimization method with combined PU protection is significantly better than the opportunistic spectrum access mode and other heuristic approaches.

$p^+-n$ 박막접합 형성방법과 열처리 모의 실험을 위한 시뮬레이터 개발에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Shallow $p^+-n$ Junction Formation and the Design of Diffusion Simulator for Predicting the Annealing Results)

  • 김보라;김재영;이정민;홍신남
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.6
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    • pp.115-117
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, we formed the shallow junction by preamorphization and low energy ion implantation. And a simulator is designed for predicting the annealing process results. Especially, if considered the applicable to single step annealing process(RTA, FA) and dual step annealing process(RTA+FA, FA+RTA). In this simulation, the ion implantation model and the boron diffusion model are used. The Monte Carlo model is used for the ion implantation. Boron diffusion model is based on pair diffusion at nonequilibrium condition. And we considered that the BI-pairs lead the diffusion and the boron activation and clustering reaction. Using the boundary condition and initial condition, the diffusion equation is solved successfully. The simulator is made ofC language and reappear the experimental data successfully.

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A microstrip folded compact wideband band-pass filter with wide upper stopband

  • Hoseini, Seyyed Mojtaba Seyyed Najjar;Zaker, Reza;Monfaredi, Khalil
    • ETRI Journal
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    • 제43권6호
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    • pp.957-965
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    • 2021
  • A miniaturized wideband band-pass filter with a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 109.3% (1.53 GHz to 5.22 GHz), high out-of-band attenuation greater than 25 dB, and wide upper stopband up to 14 GHz is proposed. The design consists of a dual-composite right/left handed resonator, embedded open-circuited stub, and a pair of quarter-wavelength short-circuited stubs. These elements are coupled in the near distance to form a miniature filter with a compact occupied area of 0.21 λg×0.19 λg (≈ 0.013 cm2). The optimized filter has multitransmission poles in the passband, substantially improving the return loss and insertion loss characteristics. The behavior of the passband and stopband is verified against the results of a lumped element model and matrix analysis with a full-wave moment-based analysis and actual measurements. The results of this verification and a comparison with the performance of filters in other references indicate that the proposed filter is very efficient and applicable to compact microwave systems.

이중대역 저지특성을 가지는 2.4 GHz WLAN 및 UWB 겸용 모노폴 안테나 (Dual Band-notched Monopole Antenna for 2.4 GHz WLAN and UWB Applications)

  • 이기용;이영순
    • 한국항행학회논문지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.193-199
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    • 2017
  • 본 논문에서는 이중대역 저지 특성을 가지는 2.4 GHz WLAN (2.4 ~ 2.484 GHz) 및 UWB (3.1 ~ 10.6 GHz) 겸용 모노폴 안테나를 제안하였다. 3.5 GHz WiMAX 대역 저지 특성을 얻기 위하여 기존의 방사패치 중앙에 위치한 U-형태 슬롯을 대신하여 방사패치 가장자리에 위치하는 한쌍의 L-형 슬롯이 사용되고, 반면에 7.5 GHz 대역 저지를 위하여 급전선 인근에 배치되는 한 쌍의 C-형태의 스트립 공진기를 사용한다. 제안된 안테나의 제작 및 측정 결과, 임피던스 대역폭 (${\mid}S_{11}{\mid}{\leq}-10dB$) 이 8.62 GHz (2.38 ~ 11 GHz)로 2.4 GHz WLAN 대역을 포함한 UWB 대역을 충분히 만족하고, 반면에 3.5 GHz WiMAX 저지 대역 (${\mid}S_{11}{\mid}$ > -10 dB) 은 1.13GHz (3.15 ~ 4.28 GHz), 7.5 GHz 저지 대역은 800 MHz (7.2~8 GHz) 의 저지 대역폭을 가지는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 특히 사용하고자 하는 전 주파수 대역에서 안정되고 우수한 무지향성 방사패턴을 얻을 수 있었으며 2.51~6.81 dBi의 높은 이득 또한 얻을 수 있었다.

두층 섬광결정과 위치민감형광전자증배관을 이용한 소동물 양전자방출단층촬영기 개발: 기초실험 결과 (Development of a Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography Using Dual-layer Phoswich Detector and Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube: Preliminary Results)

  • 정명환;최용;정용현;송태용;정진호;홍기조;민병준;최연성;이경한;김병태
    • 대한핵의학회지
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    • 제38권5호
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    • pp.338-343
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    • 2004
  • 목적: 이 연구의 목적은 두층 섬광결정을 사용하여 PET 기기 시야 외곽에서 발생하는 영상 왜곡현상을 최소화하는 고 민감도, 고 분해능의 소동물 PET 시스템을 개발하는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission) 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 사용하여 시스템을 모사하였고 시스템 성능을 예측하였으며 시뮬레이션에서 도출한 파라미터를 기준으로 시스템을 설계 제작 하였다. 두층 섬광결정은 Lutetium Oxyorthosilicate (LSO)와 Lutetium-Yttrium Aluminate-Perovskite (LuYAP)으로 구성하였다. 섬광결정의 각 픽셀크기는 $2mm{\times}2mm{\times}8mm$이며 $8{\times}8$로 배열하여 두층 섬광결정으로 구성하였다. 두층 섬광결정 배열을 위치민감형 광전자증배관(Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube: PSPMT)과 결합하여 한 개의 검출기를 구성하였으며, 총 16개 검출기를 지름 10 cm, 유효시야 8 cm인 원형으로 배열하였다. 검출기로부터 출력된 데이터는 소켓, 디코더, ADC, FPGA회로를 거쳐 전 처리 컴퓨터에 입력되고 마스터 컴퓨터에 저장 되도록 하였다. 결과: 시스템 개발의 초기 연구로 한쌍 검출기만 사용하여 단층영상을 획득하고 민감도와 공간분해능을 측정하였다. 점선원을 시야 중앙에 위치했을 때 공간분해능은 2.3 mm FWHM이고, 민감도는 10.9 $cps/{\mu}Ci$이었다. 결론: 구축한 시스템을 사용하여 선원의 위치와 모양변화를 정확하게 측정한 사이노그램과 PET 영상을 획득할 수 있었다. 이 연구는 고 분해능 고 민감도 PET 시스템 개발의 초기연구로, 소형 원형 PET 시스템 개발 가능성을 보여준다.lamate을 이용하여 측정한 사구체 여과율과 통계적으로 유의한 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 결론: Gates 방법을 이용한 사구체 여과율 측정에서 배후 방사능 관심 영역은 신장의 상방과 양측 신장사이, 즉 혈액 풀 방사능이 많이 분포하는 부위에 설정하는 것이 I-125-iothalamate을 이용한 사구체 여과율과 가장 높은 상관 관계를 보였고, 신장 깊이가 깊지 않은 2군에서 두 사구체 여과율은 더 높은 상관 관계를 보였다.7%$, 25분일 때 $95{\pm}12%$, 40분일 때 $98{\pm}3%$로 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 항응고제 종류에 따른 결합효율은 헤파린을 사용한 경우 $89{\pm}20%$, CPDA를 사용한 경우 $97{\pm}6%$, ACD를 사용한 경우 $98{\pm}4%$로 CPDA와ACD를 사용한 경우에 유의하게 높은 결합효율을 보였다(p<0.001). 결론: 변형 체내 표지법으로 적혈구를 표지시 우수한 결합효율을 유지하기 위해서는 채취하는 혈액의 양은 3 mL 이상, 배양시간은 10분 이상(10분-40분), 항응고제는 ACD나 CPDA tinning 시간은 20분 이상(20-35분)을 유지하고, 가능한 rotating invertor를 사용하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다.KC $\varepsilon$이 K562(Adr)세포에서 많이 발현되었으나, K562와 K562(Adr)세포에서는 verapamil처리에 따른 PKC 아형의 변화는 없었다. 결론: Verapamil은 암세포의 종류에 따라 MIBI와 TF의 섭취를 감소시켰고, 고용량에는 MDR세포의 섭취도 감소시켰으며 이러한 현상은 세포독성 이나 PKC효소 아형과는 관련이 없었다. 그러므로 MDR의 진단시 verapamil을