• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 1983

In its global meaning language translation refers to the process whereby a program which is executable in one computer can be executed in another computer directly to obtain the same result. There are four different ways of approaching translation. The first way is translation by a Translator or a Compier, the second way is Interpretation, the third way is Simulation, the last way is Emulation. This paper introduces the M-C Translator which was designed as the first way of translation. The MUSS 80 language (the subsystem of the UNIVAC Solid State 80 S-4 assembly language system) was chosen as the source language which includes forty-three instructions, using the CYBER COMPASS as the object language. The M-C translator is a two pass translator and is a two pas translator and es written in Fortran Extended language. For this M-C Translation, seven COMPASS subroutines and a set of thirty-five macros were prepared. Each executable source instruction corresponds to a macro, so it will be a macro instruction within the object profram. Subroutines are used to retain and handle the source data representation the same way in the object program as in the source system, and are used to convert the decimal source data into the equivalent binary result into the equivalent USS-80digits before and after arithmetic operations. The source instructions can be classified into three categories. First, therd are some instructions which are meaningless in the object system and are therefore unnecessary to translate, and the remaining instructions should be translated. Second, There are some instructions are required to indicate dual address portions. Third, there are Three instructions which have overflow conditions, which are lacking in the remaining instructions. The construction and functions of the M-C Translator, are explained including some of the subroutines, and macros. The problems, difficulties and the method of solving them, and easier features on this translation are analysed. The study of how to save memory and time will be continued.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.529-552
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• 2011

My essay aims at reading Ginsberg's "Howl" and "Kaddish" with the concept of 'shaman-prophet-poet' to illustrate the dynamic relationship between his poetics and radical politics. Throughout his widely-ranging career, Ginsberg represents himself as a poet-prophet and commands a typical rhetoric of revelation as a way of decentering Cold War orthodoxies. While well aware of the oppressive and pervasive power of the dominant post-war ideologies, he adopts 'madness' to oppose conventional political, social, and religious institutions; by way of entering into the madness of this world and actively engaging himself as a victim, he can finally heal both himself and the world. This dual function of poet characterizes his rhetoric of revelation, but it doesn't appeal to the mainstream of American critical ideology where the post-structural approach to language and subject gives a skeptical look at any account of active human agency and humanistic belief in the possibility of language. In "Howl" and "Kaddish," Ginsburg persuades the reader of the truth of his own vision through the convincing and realistic portraits of his contemporaries as well as his own mother and family. Different from his visionary predecessors such as Emerson and Whitman, Ginsberg knew the difficulty of a negotiation between history and divine vision, and attempted to imbricate his family, friends, and even the larger social and political units within his visionary experience in order to avoid naive idealism, escapism, or solipsism. Furthermore, he deconstructs the Logos of Western prophecy and replaces it with the groundless identity and the nontheistic epistemology of Buddhism, which, in turn, leads to emptying his powerful language of absolutist meaning and prevents his prophecy from becoming re-reified as divine essentialism. Ginsberg's idea of poet and poem revitalizes the skeptical view on language and literary representation of our contemporary critical community which is unwilling to engage the experimental scope of his radical prophecy.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.51-78
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• 2006

This research conducted between March and December of 2005 has focused on analyzing a diverse range of educational services provided by English native-speaking instructors teaching in Korea. This study includes quantitative research findings from 238 university students. This dual-semester research study focuses on our most recent Korean EFL (English as a Foreign Language) programs provided for university students who wish to improve their English ability. Many students hope to partake in lectures taught by Native English Speaking teachers (hereafter NS teachers), and many universities are also willing to open additional courses for these students. However, in order for lectures to be most effective, NS instructors need to be appropriately trained or qualified teachers in order to successfully educate their students. Furthermore, NS teachers need to constantly review their teaching styles and strategies to allow for professional development and to ensure an improvement in their teaching methodology. Overall, this research provides whole English lecture views of NS teachers that is data-driven regarding designing, implementing, evaluating, and reforming the education of English taught by NS teachers working in Korea.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.40-43
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• 2018

대화 발화 예측(Next Utterance Classification)은 Multi-turn 대화에서 마지막에 올 발화를 정답 후보들 중에서 예측을 하는 연구이다. 기존에 제안된 LSTM 기반의 Dual Encoder를 이용한 모델에서는 대화와 정답 발화에 대한 관계를 고려하지 않는 문제와 대화의 길이가 너무 길어 중간 정보의 손실되는 문제가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 두 문제를 해결하기 위하여 ESIM구조를 통한 단어 단위의 attention, 대화의 turn별 문장 단위의 attention을 제안한다. 실험 결과 총 5000개의 검증 대화 데이터에 대하여 1 in 100 Recall@1의 성능이 37.64%로 기존 모델 대비 약 2배 높은 성능 향상을 나타내었다.

• Language and Information
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 2001

One of the controversial issues in English locative inversion (LI) construction( e. g. Under the tree sat a woman) has been the functional status of preverbal PP and postverbal NP, i.e. whether they are a subject, a complement, or filer (topic) Based on the distributional parallelisms between the PP and NP on the one hand and an ordinary subject and filler on the other this paper proposes that the PP has a dual function as a subject and filler, while the NP also has some subject properties that the PP does not have These mixed functional properties are analyzed in the theory of HPSG expecially with the versions recently developed by Sag(1997) Manning and Sag(1999) and Ginzburg and Sag(to appear). This analysis claims that the LI construction needs to satisfy two general, independent constraints head-subject- phrase and head-filler-phrase. This position suggests that the English LI construction is an instance of the peripheral phenomena whose construction specific constraint is inherited from more general core constraints. (Dongseo University)

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2020.10a
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• pp.501-506
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• 2020

질의 난이도 분석 문제는 자연어 질의문을 답변할 때 어려움의 정도를 측정하는 문제이다. 질의 난이도 분석 문제는 문서 독해, 의학 시험, 비디오 질의 등과 같은 다양한 데이터셋에서 연구되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 질의문과 질의문에 응답하기 위한 정보들 간의 관계를 파악하는 것으로 질의 난이도 분석 문제를 접근하여 이를 BERT와 Dual Multi-head Attention을 사용하여 모델링 하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 모델의 우수성을 증명하기 위하여 최근 자연언어이해 부분에서 높은 성능을 보여주는 기 학습 언어 모델과 이전 연구의 질의 난이도 분석 모델과의 성능을 비교하였고, 제안 모델은 대표적인 비디오 질의 응답 데이터셋인 DramaQA의 Memory Complexity에서 99.76%, Logical Complexity에서는 89.47%의 정확도로 가장 높은 질의 난이도 분석 성능을 보여주었다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.537-539
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• 2019

구문 분석은 문장의 구조를 분석하는 자연어처리 분야로 그래프 기반 방법과 전이 기반 방법으로 나뉘어 연구되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 그래프 기반 방식에서 높은 성능을 보이고 있는 Deep Biaffine 어텐션 모델에 별도의 High-Order 정보 추출 없이 Graph Neural Network(GNNs)을 이용하여 High-Order 정보를 학습할 수 있도록 확장한 Deep Biaffine 어텐션 GNNs을 적용하여 한국어 세종 구문 분석 셋에서 UAS : 94.44%, LAS : 92.55%의 성능을 달성하였으며 Dual Decomposition을 통해 전이 기반 한국어 구문 분석 모델과 결합하여 추가적인 성능 향상을 보였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.424-426
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• 2019

정답 후보군 탐지 모델은 최근 활발히 진행되고 있는 질의-응답 데이터 수집 연구의 선행이 되는 연구로 특정 질문에 대한 정답을 주어진 단락에서 추출하는 작업을 말한다. 제안 모델은 포인터 네트워크 디코더를 통하여 기존의 순차 레이블링 모델에서 처리할 수 없었던 정답이 겹치는 문제에 대해서 해결할 수 있게 되었다. 그리고 독립된 두 개의 포인터 네트워크 디코더를 사용함으로써, 단일 포인터 네트워크로 처리할 수 없었던 정답의 탐지가 가능하게 되었다.

• Language and Information
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.39-55
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• 2001

This paper investigates the idiosyncratic understanding of universal quantifiers such as every, each or all by young children at the ages of 4 to 7, and argues that the phenomenon is explicable in terms of the maturation of both the cognitive system and the linguistic system. Evidence for this dual explanation comes from the fact that the visual input, a picture, plays a key role in determining the children's conceptual representation, suggesting the need for the central integration of visual and linguistic elements; and from the fact that a quantifier in the linguistic input has an intrinsic property, i.e. a <+focus> feature. I have tried to explain the nature of the cognitive factors in terms of the function of the central system, suggesting a modified form of Smith & Tsimpli's (1995) yersion of Fodor's (1983) modularity hypothesis. The categorial status of the quantifier in the children's interpretation is considered, focusing on the movement of that quantifier out of its own extended projection to FP. It is claimed that children initially treat quantifiers as modifiers, rather than functional heads, and that the phenomenon of quantifier spreading by children can be attributed to delay in the development of the relevant functional category, i.e., DP (or QP), in language acquisition.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.3 s.62
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• pp.21-29
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• 2007

The communication in a play has a dual structure, which is composed of the communications within a play and in a theatre space. This research focuses on the scene design that creates the background or the theme of a play and communicates theme of a play to the audience. A scene design of a theatre has meta-linguistic aspects, which is the image or mood as the theme of a play. The scene design is composed of various design elements of space and objects as the properties of a play. Design elements and the objects are the design languages in various form; plane, three-dimensional, multi-dimensional form. These design languages have the significant meanings as signs like human language. The play works chooses the rhetorical expression to arouse the audience's sympathy. The scene design is completed with rhetorical expression for communication in theatre too. This research defines the category of meanings that design elements of scene design can create and the rhetorical expression of the scene design language. King Lear directed by Robert G. Anderson was analyzed with the category of design elements as a sign and the pattern of the rhetorical expression. The scene design for a play is completed effectively by the rhetorical expression of design elements as the design language for the communication with the audience in theatre.