• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.551-558
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• 2010

It is a normal circumstance to have high temperature and high humidity in Greenhouses even though these climates are changed by the area, season, climates, the size of the greenhouse, and the crops being raised. Workers in the greenhouses have complained about their uncomfortable work environment and discomfort from the hot conditions, including sunburn. The farmers' ailments are not significantly different between those working in the in greenhouses and those working in the fields. The Farmers' syndrome was almost two times higher for women than those of men for greenhouse workers. This study was developed for functional fatigue clothes for plastic greenhouses which are known for high temperatures and humidity. The ergonomic function and thermal comforts of fatigue clothes were evaluated in the climatic chamber($30.0^{\circ}C$, 70.0%R.H.). The current fatigue clothes which are made of cotton or nylon were purchased at the market. The developed clothes are made of highly absorbent and high speed drying polyester. And these fabrics have excellent elasticity. In this study, the functional fatigue clothes were designed with longsleeved sport shirts and Full length pants. Tre, Tsk, Hcl, HR and the personal subjective sensations such as heat, humidity, and comfortableness were significantly lower when subjects wore the developed clothes made with polyester than the previous attire.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2005

In order to prevent the environmental pollution, the dryers are commonly used to treat sludge that one of sewages is polluting the quality of water. Generally, the drying method is various as to the property of material and use. Rotary dryer is a good apparatus to treat them. The rotary dryer is the way that is to make substance transmission and heating using hot air between sludge particles and heated gas. In this paper, we performed a numerical analysis of the inner air flow of the 3-pass rotary dryer through the changing rotational speed from 3rpm to 10rpm. In this result, we found that 3rpm is effective to dry material in terms of heat transfer because large scale velocity fluctuation is occurred inside the first and second drum. Also we confirmed that 5rpm and 8rpm showed up uniform flow at the center area of the first drum.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.346-348
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• 2022

적재폐기물에서 발생하는 발효열의 발화요인 분석 자료를 기반으로 발생 원인을 규명하는 모니터링 시스템을 구성하였다. 화재 조기경보 유형별 시나리오의 구성과 신속성을 위해 실시간 런타임 환경을 제공하기 위한 유니버설미들웨어를 활용하였다. 적재폐기물의 적재 높이와 압력, 대표적인 구성폐기물인 목재, 건전지, 플라스틱 폐기물의 건조, 표면의 탄화변화를 동적으로 인지해야 한다. 따라서, 저온발화 화재 가능성 데이터 분석을 위한 IoT 상황인지 플랫폼을 동적으로 구성하여 제시하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 1996

건답직파재배에서 가장 중요한 입모율의 확보와 잡초 방제에 대한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 강우 후 토양이 건조하면서 형성되는 토양 피막과 토양 경도의 변화가 벼와 피의 출아에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 본 연구를 하였다. 실험은 강우를 차단하기 위하여 사방이 트인 비닐하우스에서 실시하였으며 사양토, 양토, 미사질양토를 공시하여 파종 . 복토(4cm)후 0, 20, 40mm의 강우를 인위적으로 처리하며 출아율과 유아 특성을 조사하였다. 벼는 이탤리코나베르네코, 다다조, 갈색까락샤레벼, 동진벼, 섬진벼를 공시하였으며, 피는 돌피와 강피를 공시하였다. 실험기간 중 평균기온은 31.3$^{\circ}C$였고, 일사량은 16.6MJ/m$^2$/day였다. 1. 파종 .복토 후 강우 처리를 한 경우 토양이 건조됨에 따라 토양 피막이 형성되었으며 토양 경도가 급격히 증가하였다. 토양 경도는 강우량이 많을수록, 점토 함량이 높을수록 높았다. 2. 벼는 강우 처리로 출아율이 감소하였으며, 특히 동진벼와 섬진벼는 점토 함량이 높은 사양토에서 현저히 낮아졌다. 피의 평균 출아율은 벼보다 낮았으나 토성 및 강우 처리에 의한 출아율의 차이는 없었다. 3. 섬진벼와 동진벼의 출아율은 출아기의 평균토양경도가 증가할수록 감소하여, 토양경도가 1.0kg/$cm^2$이하일 때는 80%, 1.7kg/$cm^2$이상일 때는 50%이하로 감소하였다. 4. 출아속도는 피가 벼보다 빨랐고, 강피는 돌피보다 빨랐다. 벼 품종 중에서는 이탤리코나베르네코와 다다조가 빨랐으며 갈색까락샤레벼는 출아율은 이들 품종과 비슷하였으나 출아 속도는 늦었다. 5. 피는 벼에 비하여 중배축의 신장 정도가 현저히 컸다. 벼 품종중 이탤리코나베르네코와 다다조는 불완전엽과 중배축이, 갈색까락샤레벼는 중배축의 신장이 잘 되어 본엽이 지상에서 전개되었으나 동진벼와 섬진벼 는 유아의 신장이 잘 안되어 지중에서 본엽이 전개되었다. 6. 강우 처리 후 토양의 경화와 토막 형성에 의하여 벼 특히 우리 나라 장려품종들의 출아가 현저하게 저하된 데 반하여 돌피와 강피, 벼 품종 중 이탤리코나베르네코, 다다조, 잡초성 벼인 갈색까락샤레벼는 출아율의 저하가 적었는데 이는 피와 이들 벼 품종이 출아 속도가 빠르고 또한 중배축과 불완전엽의 신장성이 크기 때문인 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.10-24
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• 1979

It is understood that drum speed of threshers and the moisture content of paddy grains to be threshed, respectively, have a signific:mt effect upon rice recoveries. Threshing under an increased drum speed would give a high performance rate, which is the general practice in custom work threshing in association with the use of semiauto-t hreshers. In the connection, however, it may result in the promotion of grain cracks and brokens of the rice product after milling. No reference or determination for an opti mum drum speed of the thresher is made available for various grain moisture contents at the time of the threshing operation and for different rice varieties especially for the Tongil rice varieties. This study was Conducted to find out and determine effects of the drum speeds on grain losses. The grain loss was quantified in terms of recovery rates of rice grains after treatments. Samples of each of all treatments were taken from the grain sampling plate placed in the grain conveyor of threshers. The grain sample plate was specially provided for this experiment. The brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recJveries were tes ted in the laboratory mill, respectively. Two rice varieties, Akibare and Suweon 251, each with five levels of different moist\ulcornerure contents at harvest and six levels of different drum speeds of threshers, were selected and used for treatments in this experiment. Two conditions of materials were tested in the thresher. One condition was to thresh the experimental material immediately after cutting, referred to as the wet-material thr eshing in this study. The other was to thresh the experimental :material, dried to contain about 15-16 percent of the grain moisture under the shocking operation. This is referred to as the dry-material threshing in this study. In additioon, field measurements for the grain moistures and drum-sdeeds under actual operation practices of the traditional field threshing, were conducted with a view to comparing with results of the experimental treatments. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. For threshing treatments of Japonica-type rice variety (Akibare) , the effect of drum speeds and levels of grain moisture at cutting upon brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recoveries were found statistically significant. No significant difference in these recovery rates was noticed regardless of whether the material was threshed right after cutting or after drying by the shocking operation. 2. For the Tongil-sister rice variety(Suweon 251), milling recovery for the varied drum-speed and the grain~moisture level at cutting was found statististically significant. Th milling recovery was much significant when associated with the wet-material thres\ulcornerhing compared to the dry-material threshing. 3. The optimum peripheral velocity to be maintained at the edge of teeth on the thr\ulcorneresher drum was determined and may be recommanded as that of about 12 to 13 meters per second in view of the maximum recovery rate of the milled rice. 4. The effect of the drum speed on the qualitative loss of the milled rice was much greater in the case of the Tongil variety than Japonica. This effect was also greater by the wet-material threshing than by the dry-material threshing. Therefore, to apply the wet-material threshing operation for the Tongil variety, in particular, it should be very important to introduce the kind of threshing technology which would maintain the drum speed at optimum. 5. A field survey for the actual drum speed of threshing operations for 50 threshers indicated that average peripheral velccity was 12.76m/sec., and that the range was from 10.50 to 14.90m/sec. Approximately, more than 30% of the experimented and measured threshers were being operated at speeds which exceeded the optimum speed determined and assessed in this study. Accordingly, it should be highly desirable and important to take counter-measures against these threshing practices of operational overspeed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.9-9
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• 1979

It is understood that drum speed of threshers and the moisture content of paddy grains to be threshed, respectively, have a signific:mt effect upon rice recoveries. Threshing under an increased drum speed would give a high performance rate, which is the general practice in custom work threshing in association with the use of semiauto-t hreshers. In the connection, however, it may result in the promotion of grain cracks and brokens of the rice product after milling. No reference or determination for an opti mum drum speed of the thresher is made available for various grain moisture contents at the time of the threshing operation and for different rice varieties especially for the Tongil rice varieties. This study was Conducted to find out and determine effects of the drum speeds on grain losses. The grain loss was quantified in terms of recovery rates of rice grains after treatments. Samples of each of all treatments were taken from the grain sampling plate placed in the grain conveyor of threshers. The grain sample plate was specially provided for this experiment. The brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recJveries were tes ted in the laboratory mill, respectively. Two rice varieties, Akibare and Suweon 251, each with five levels of different moist?ure contents at harvest and six levels of different drum speeds of threshers, were selected and used for treatments in this experiment. Two conditions of materials were tested in the thresher. One condition was to thresh the experimental material immediately after cutting, referred to as the wet-material thr eshing in this study. The other was to thresh the experimental :material, dried to contain about 15-16 percent of the grain moisture under the shocking operation. This is referred to as the dry-material threshing in this study. In additioon, field measurements for the grain moistures and drum-sdeeds under actual operation practices of the traditional field threshing, were conducted with a view to comparing with results of the experimental treatments. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. For threshing treatments of Japonica-type rice variety (Akibare) , the effect of drum speeds and levels of grain moisture at cutting upon brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recoveries were found statistically significant. No significant difference in these recovery rates was noticed regardless of whether the material was threshed right after cutting or after drying by the shocking operation. 2. For the Tongil-sister rice variety(Suweon 251), milling recovery for the varied drum-speed and the grain~moisture level at cutting was found statististically significant. Th milling recovery was much significant when associated with the wet-material thres?hing compared to the dry-material threshing. 3. The optimum peripheral velocity to be maintained at the edge of teeth on the thr?esher drum was determined and may be recommanded as that of about 12 to 13 meters per second in view of the maximum recovery rate of the milled rice. 4. The effect of the drum speed on the qualitative loss of the milled rice was much greater in the case of the Tongil variety than Japonica. This effect was also greater by the wet-material threshing than by the dry-material threshing. Therefore, to apply the wet-material threshing operation for the Tongil variety, in particular, it should be very important to introduce the kind of threshing technology which would maintain the drum speed at optimum. 5. A field survey for the actual drum speed of threshing operations for 50 threshers indicated that average peripheral velccity was 12.76m/sec., and that the range was from 10.50 to 14.90m/sec. Approximately, more than 30% of the experimented and measured threshers were being operated at speeds which exceeded the optimum speed determined and assessed in this study. Accordingly, it should be highly desirable and important to take counter-measures against these threshing practices of operational overspeed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the harvesting properties of the giant miscanthus (Miscanthus ${\times}$ giganteus) to measure the required mowing power for different stem conditioning methods in order to shorten the drying time after mowing and the bale density so that the crop can be used as biomass in the winter season. Methods: The required mowing power and bale density were measured using a power measurement device, three different mower-conditioners, and a mid-sized round baler under different working speeds and conditioning methods. Results: For the various mower-conditioners, the average stem length from mowing was 0.86-0.91 m, and the available working speed was 1.6 m/s. The steel roller-type mower-conditioner showed better stem conditioning but could not mow over a working speed of 1.6 m/s. The required average power of the mower-conditioners varied from 23.8 kW for the steel roller-type rotary disk mower-conditioner with a working width of 2.4 m to 37.2 kW for the flail-type rotary disk mower-conditioner with a working width of 3.2 m at a working speed of 1.6 m/s. The bale densities were $155.8-172.2kg/m^3$. The highest bale density was measured for stems with no conditioning and a moisture content of 11.3% (d.b.) mowed by the rotary disk mower. The bale density was affected by the mowing method because of the low moisture content of the miscanthus stems. Conclusions: In terms of the working performance and conditioning statue, the steel roller-type mower-conditioner is a better choice at a working width of 2.4 m, while the flail finger-type mower-conditioner is better at a working width of 3.2 m. The type of mower-conditioner used for giant miscanthus harvesting should be determined by considering the harvest area, workable period, and working performance of a mower-conditioner and baler during the winter.

• 지질공학
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.173-191
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 Flat TDR을 이용하여 지반의 전단파속도를 측정하였고 측정값의 정밀도 분석 및 현장적용성에 대한 검증을 수행하였다. Flat TDR 내 결합되어 있는 Piezo-stack을 이용하여 현장에서의 전단파속도 측정값을 도출하였고, 도출한 값의 검증을 위해서 들밀도시험, 동적콘관입시험(DCPT), 문헌조사 등을 적용하여 비교·분석하였다. 실험결과 그라우트재 주입시 재령 초기 전단파속도 변화의 평균값은 10.15 m/s이며, 7~14일차 이후의 전단파속도 변화의 평균값은 65.99 m/s로 재령일 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 OMC를 기준으로 건조 측에서는 함수비가 증가할수록 건조밀도와 전단파속도가 증가하고, 습윤 측에서는 함수비가 증가할수록 건조밀도와 전단파속도가 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 현장시험 결과 도출된 전단탄성계수 값이 최소 17.36 MPa에서 최대 28.13 MPa로 확인되어 참고문헌 값과 유사한 측정값을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 Flat TDR을 이용한 전단탄성계수의 측정값이 신뢰성이 있는 데이터임을 알 수 있고, 추후 현장 지반의 다짐관리를 효과적으로 할 수 있음을 판단할 수 있다.

• 지질공학
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 경상누층군 셰일에 대한 슬레이크 내구성 특성을 조사하기 위하여 다양한 인자 즉, 시료형태, 시료개수, 회전속도, 총 회전수, 건조온도 및 수침용액의 산도 등을 제어하면서 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 시료형태가 정육면체인 경우 가장 낮은 내구성 지수를 보였으며 부채꼴 시료가 가장 큰 내구성 지수를 보였고, 시료개수는 증가할수록 시료들 사이의 마찰이 증가하여 내구성지수가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 회전속도는 영향이 거의 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 총 회전수가 증가할수록 내구성 지수는 직선적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또 시료 건조온도가 증가할수록, 수침용액의 산성도가 증가할수록 내구성 지수는 감소하였다. 대기 중에 노출되어 쉽게 풍화하는 특성 때문에 낮을 것으로 예상하였던 셰일의 내구성지수가 결정질 암석과 뚜렷한 차이가 없어서 기존의 실험법은 셰일의 장기적인 안정성을 평가하는데 부적합하다고 판단되어 교결도가 양호한 경상누층군 셰일의 장기적인 내구성 특성을 확인하기 위한 새로운 내구성 실험방법이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.305-309
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• 1994

이축압출성형기를 사용하여 붉은 통팥과 옥수수전분을 원료로 하여 압축성형하고 이를 건조, 분쇄, 배합하여 즉석팥죽 분말을 제조하였으며 이때의 제조공정과 제품의 품질을 검토하였다. 원료의 수분함량 $24{\sim}26%$, 압출성형온도 $150{\sim}155^{\circ}C$, 스크류의 회전속도 350 rpm 및 원료투입량 60 kg/hr의 압출성형조건으로 제품을 생산하였을 경우 팥죽 고유의 냄새와 색상을 유지하는 제품을 얻을 수 있었다. 압출성형중 분말원료에 가해지는 가수량이 6 kg/hr에서 2 kg/hr로 감소됨에 따라서 압출성형온도는 $150^{\circ}C$에서 $198^{\circ}C$로, 기계적소모에너지는 134 kwh/ton에서 144 kwh/ton으로 증가하였다. 건조분말상태에서 caking이 형성이 되지 않는 수분함량인 4% 이하로 건조되는 열풍건조 조건은 건조온도 $80^{\circ}C$ 에서는 4시간, $100^{\circ}C$ 에서는 1.5시간 이었다. 압출물의 분쇄후 분말의 입도분석은 체목이 0.5 mm인 것을 사용하였을 경우 약 80%가 65 mesh 체를 통과하였고, 1 mm인 체목인 경우는 약 65%가 65 mesh 체를 통과하였다. 최종배합제품의 수분흡수속도는 설탕배합구가 100% RH하에서 13시간이 경과된 후 caking이 형성되었다. 팥압출물분말, 옥수수전분 및 설탕의 배합비를 달리한 제품의 기호도 검사에서 팥의 함량이 줄어듬에 따라 팥죽냄새가 감소하여 기호성이 저하되었다.