• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.195-209
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 한국 전통 붓에 사용되었던 다양한 원모의 특성을 확인하고 실제 사용에 따른 한국, 중국, 일본 붓의 특성과 열화 양상을 비교하였으며, 붓 성능을 비교하기 위한 정량적 평가를 실시하였다. 다양한 원모별 특성 비교 결과, 털의 굵기가 굵을수록 대체로 인장강도가 높게 나타났다. 그 중 염소의 등과 옆구리 부분의 털은 다른 부분보다 손상이 많이 관찰되었고, 인장강도도 낮게 나타났다. 또한 시스테인의 함량이 많은 털로 제작한 붓은 탄력도 강하게 측정되었다. 붓의 실제 사용에 따른 열화 실험 결과, 인공건조한 붓은 자연건조한 붓보다 황색도 지수가 더 높고, 인장강도는 더 낮게 나타났다. 또한 흡수력이 좋은 붓은 지속력도 좋으나 탄력은 좋지 않은 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통해 어떤 재료로 붓을 만들고, 붓을 어떻게 사용하고 관리하는지에 따라 붓의 성능에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 필장들이 그동안 경험과 감각으로만 제작해 왔던 붓의 재료과학적 특성에 대해 규명할 수 있었으며, 향후 보존처리용 붓 제작을 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2015

The purpose of this experiment was to determine and compare the digestibility of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in full-oil (no oil extracted) and de-oiled (oil extracted) corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with different condensed distillers solubles (CDS) ratios. Six barrows ($29.6{\pm}2.3kg$) fitted with ileal T-cannula were allotted into a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design. Each period was comprised of a 5-d adaption period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The five test diets contained 62% DDGS as the sole source of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was used to measure the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an index in each diet. The results showed that CP and AA were very similar in 5 DDGS, but the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of lysine (from 56.16% to 71.15%) and tryptophan (from 54.90% to 68.38%) had the lowest values and largest variation within the essential AA, which suggests reduced availability of AA and different levels of Maillard reactions in the five DDGS. The apparent ileal digestibility and SID of CP and most of AA in full-oil DDGS (sources 1 and 2) were greater (p<0.05) than de-oiled DDGS (sources 3, 4, and 5). Comparing the AA SID in the 5 DDGS, full-oil with low CDS ratio DDGS (source 1) had non-significantly higher values (p>0.05) than full-oil with high CDS ratio DDGS (source 2); however, the SID of most AA of de-oiled with low CDS ratios DDGS (source 3) were non-significantly lower (p>0.05) than de-oiled with high CDS ratio DDGS (source 4); and the de-oiled DDGS with middle CDS ratio (source 5) but with different drying processing had the lowest SID AA values. In conclusion, de-oiled DDGS had lower SID of CP and AA than full-oil DDGS; a higher CDS ratio tended to decrease the SID of AA in full-oil DDGS but not in de-oiled DDGS; and compared with CDS ratio, processing, especially drying, may have more of an effect on AA digestibility of DDGS.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.116-130
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• 2019

우리나라는 산림 내 연료 물질 증가와 기후변화 등의 요인으로 산불의 연중화와 대형화가 증가하는 추세에 있으므로 산불 발생 확률에 대한 정보를 제공함으로써 산불 발생을 예방하여 피해를 최소화할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현 산불예보시스템에서 제공하는 산불위험지수(DWI; Daily Weather Index)를 개선하기 위한 방법을 살펴보았다. 즉, 우리나라 산불위험지수의 시간 및 공간적 정확성 향상을 통한 고도화를 목적으로, 기상청에서 제공하는 동네예보 자료, 위성기반의 가뭄 지수, 산불 다발 지역 지도를 융합하여 5km 격자 형태로 제공되는 새로운 산불위험지수(FRI; Fire Risk Index)를 제안하였다. 산불위험지수는 캐나다에서 현업으로 사용되는 미세 연료 지수를 기반으로 우리나라에 최적화한 미세 연료 지수, 가뭄지수의 곱과 시간 및 공간적 가중치를 통하여 산출된다. 시간적인 정확성 향상을 위하여 산림청에서 제공하는 산불 피해 대장 표를 이용하여 월별 산불 통계량을 통한 월별 가중치를 적용하였으며, 공간적인 정확성 향상을 위하여 산불 다발 지역 지도의 산불 밀도 정보를 이용하여 가중치를 적용하였다. 월별 산불 발생 건수와 제안된 산불위험지수의 시계열을 분석하였을 때 증가 및 감소 경향을 잘 모의하고 있었으며, 5km 격자 형태로 산불위험지수를 제공함으로써 행정 구역 단위로 산불위험지수를 제공할 때보다 상세한 정보를 제공할 수 있었으므로 지역적으로 더욱 정확하고 구체적인 산불 예방에 대한 의사 결정에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2005

The extrusion-cooking condition on Cordyceps pruinosa was designed using twin-screw extruder. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate extrusion-cooking using a central composition design with varying die temperature $(114-146^{\circ}C)$, feed moisture $(22-38\%)$, feed rate (4-14 ka/h) and screw speed (120-280 rpm). System parameters (die pressure and specific mechanical energy (SME)) and extrudate parameters (density and water solubility index (WSI)) were statically analyzed using RSH. Die pressure was significantly affected by temperature, moisture contents and feed rate. SM was affected by screw speed and feed rate. When die temperature is $130^{\circ}C$ and moisture content $25\%$, the optimum pressure is shown. SME is about 20 Wh/kg, when feed rate is $10\~12kg/min$ and screw speed $200\~250rpm$. WSI was affected by temperature and moisture contents. Density was not affected by any factor. WSI increases by $7\%$ from about $23\%$ to about $30\%$, as temperature is raised from $120^{\circ}C\;to\;140^{\circ}C$. The WSI of Cordyceps pruinosa pulverized after extruding (PE) is about $26.97\%$ higher than that of raw material and $10\%$ higher than that of pulverized after drying (PD). The content of unsaturated fatty acid were not significantly different in PD and PE. Anti-oxidative activity of PE was 1.67-2.2 times higher than that of PD in Cordyceps pruinosa using 1- dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl method (DPPH).

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 CPP와 CSO를 사용하여 약 187~282 nm 크기의 균일한 구형의 나노 복합체를 성공적으로 제조하였다. 나노 복합체는 제조 공정 요인인 CPP 농도와 pH 조절을 통해 입자 크기, 다분산 지수, 그리고 표면 전하와 같은 나노 복합체의 물리화학적 특성을 조절할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 CPP/CSO 나노 복합체의 분말화 공정을 통해 분말화 된 나노 복합체의 식품 적용성을 증진시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었으며, food-grade 물질인 CPP와 CSO를 사용하여 제조한 나노 복합체는 향후 잠재적인 칼슘 전달체로써 식품 산업에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2017

Gastric ulcer is a clinical symptom characterized by inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Stress and alcohol consumption have been identified as the major cause of gastric ulcer. However, the effects of silkworms on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer have not been studied yet. The mature silkworms that are difficult to eat have become easier to ingest due to recent technological development to make steaming and freeze-drying mature silkworm larval powder (SMSP). In this study, we investigated whether three silkworm varieties, Baekokjam, Golden-silk and Yeonnokjam could alleviate ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with 3 SMSPs (0.1 or 1 g/kg BW) or normal diet (AIN-76A) were exposed to absolute ethanol (3 g/kg BW, 3 h) by oral gavage. Morphological examination included ulcer index as a measurement of hemorrhages and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to analyze the severity of gastric ulcer. Results of macroscopic examination suggested that all 3 SMSPs pretreatment significantly protected gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced damage. Microscopic observations demonstrated significant mucosal erosion and inflammation in ethanol-treated rats, which was abrogated in rats pretreated with 3 SMSPs. In addition, pretreatment with all 3 SMSPs showed significant decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2. Among SMSP from 3 varieties of silkworm, preadministration of 1 g/kg Baekokjam SMSP showed the most effective protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. These results suggest that Baekokjam SMSP can be a potential gastroprotective agent against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2017

The load-carrying capacity and structural behavior of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) structures is highly influenced by the grouting compactness in the steel tube. Due to the invisibility of the grout in the steel tube, monitoring of the grouting progress in such a structure is still a challenge. This paper develops an active sensing approach with combined piezoceramic-based smart aggregates (SA) and piezoceramic patches to monitor the grouting compactness of CFST bridge structure. A small-scale steel specimen was designed and fabricated to simulate CFST bridge structure in this research. Before casting, four SAs and two piezoceramic patches were installed in the pre-determined locations of the specimen. In the active sensing approach, selected SAs were utilized as actuators to generate designed stress waves, which were detected by other SAs or piezoceramic patch sensors. Since concrete functions as a wave conduit, the stress wave response can be only detected when the wave path between the actuator and the sensor is filled with concrete. For the sake of monitoring the grouting progress, the steel tube specimen was grouted in four stages, and each stage held three days for cement drying. Experimental results show that the received sensor signals in time domain clearly indicate the change of the signal amplitude before and after the wave path is filled with concrete. Further, a wavelet packet-based energy index matrix (WPEIM) was developed to compute signal energy of the received signals. The computed signal energies of the sensors shown in the WPEIM demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in the monitoring of the grouting progress.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2012

Stachys tibetica Vatke (Lamiaceae) is an important medicinal plant in the folk medicine of Ladakh, India and Tibet for the treatment of various mental disorders. Infusion and decoction of the whole plant is used as a cup of tea for a severe fever, headaches and to relieve tension. The recent study is aimed to evaluate the preliminary pharmacognostical and phytochemical nature of Stachys tibetica Vatke. The whole plant material was subjected to successive soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether (40 - $60^{\circ}C$), chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and finally decocted with water to get the respective extracts. The fluorescence characteristics of the powdered materials were analysed under ultraviolet light and ordinary light. Different physicochemical parameters such as ash value, extractive value, foaming index, pH values, loss on drying and determination of foreign matter were carried out as per WHO guidelines. The total fat, flavonoid, saponin and volatile contents were also determined. Macroscopical studies revealed the authentication of the plant drug. Physicochemical parameters helped to standardize the plant material while preliminary qualitative chemical tests of different extracts showed the presence of Glycosides, Carbohydrates, Phytosterols/triterpenoids, Saponins, Fixed oils, Fats and phenols/tannins. Quantification of the total flavonoids and saponins and contents were determined as $54.66{\pm}0.58mg/g$ and $75.42{\pm}0.48mg/kg$ respectively, while the volatile and fat contents were 6.5% and 0.7% respectively. Results may lay the foundation for the standardization of the drug and discovery of new molecules from S. tibetica for the treatment of various diseases.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the variation of Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.; CMV) seed quality after flowering. We tagged individual open flowers of CMV at the day of maximum flowering(11 May) in Seoul, Korea. Seed samples were harvested serially at 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after flowering(DAF). To compare with dried seeds, non-dried seeds were tested immediately after harvest and the remaining seeds were placed at room temperature for 4 weeks. Seed length, 1000 seed weight, moisture content, germination rate(GR), mean germination time(MGT), germination speed(GS), germination performance index(GPI) and physical dormancy rate(PDR) were investigated. Seed length increased to 2.6 mm and 1000 seed weight reached up to 2.2 g until 25 DAF. Seed moisture content dramatically decreased from 20 to 25 DAF. Moisture content of non-dried seed(7.5%) was similar to that of dried seed(5.5%) at 25 DAF. The rate of seed viability reached up to 94% at 25 DAF. In case of dried seed, GR increased up to 39% at 25 DAF whereas GR of non-dried seed varied from 5 to 10%. GS and GPI of dried seed were significantly higher than those of non-dried seed since 25 DAF. PDR of dried seed has decreased since 20 DAF, whereas PDR of non-dried seed has increased. GR, GS and GPI increased as PDR decreased. Our results evidenced that PDR might be one of major factor in variation of seed quality, of which development was completed at 25 DAF.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.766-772
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• 2008

The objective of this investigation was to develop iced cookies with freeze-dried yellow onion powder (YP) and red onion powder (RP) at composition levels of 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10%. The moisture (13.61%) and crude ash contents (3.43%) of YP was higher than RP, while the crude protein (7.58%) and crude fat contents (0.65%) of RP was higher than YP. Freeze-dried YP showed a higher lightness and yellowness value compared to RP, because of the unique color of the onion. The browning index was lower in YP. The pH of the dough significantly decreased by addition of onion powder, while the density of the dough was significantly increased in RP samples than the others. The iced cookies showed a lower lightness value, and a higher redness value with increase of onion powder contents. Hardness of YP cookies up to 5% and RP cookies up to 3%, were lower compared to the control. With regards to the sensory characteristics, $3{\sim}5%$ YP cookies and 3% RP cookies were more acceptable than the others. As a result, the optimal ratio of freeze-dried YP and RP iced cookies were calculated at 5% YP and 3% RP levels.