• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.278-289
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate whether there were differences among three oral care protocols on participants' oral health status (oral status, dry mouth, halitosis, saliva pH, microorganism growth in oral cavity) and tooth stain. The three protocols were: 1) oral solution of 4% normal saline, 2) 0.1% Chlorhexidine and 3) Tantum. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was utilized. A total of 55 elderly patients residing at long-term care facilities(19 in the 4% normal saline group, 17 in the 0.1% Chlorhexidine group, 19 in the Tantum group) received oral care daily for four weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Results: The halitosis (${\chi}^2=10.71$, p=.005) and saliva pH (${\chi}^2=6.84$, p=.033) scores were significantly improved after the oral care with 4% normal saline. Conclusion: These findings indicate that if elderly patients in long-term care facilities have complaint of the discomfort of using Chlorhexidine or Tantum, 4% normal saline is as effective at the other two. This can also be cost effective as there were no differences among the protocols in oral status, dry mouth, tooth stain or microorganism growth in oral cavity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.280-285
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• 1999

We report 1 patient with Primary aldosteronism caused by malfunction of adrenal gland. which occupies 1-2% of the whole Hypertensive disease. The patient was 35 year-old female with the history of hypertension. She was hospitalized at Department of Circulatory Internal Medicine. College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, because of low limb weakness, chest discomport, palpitation and dry mouth. The value of serum potassium level was o.6 and at last adenoma was diagnosed on the basis of abdomen CT scan. The Primary aldosteronism manifests myasthenia, headache, dry mouth, palpitation. In laboratory findings, it especially shows specific U -wave in EKG due to low serum potassium level resulted from excessive flow-out through urine. It could be regarded as ‘Flaccid paralysis of Limbs(?症)‘, the Oriental medical term which indicates a condition of general weakness. We report on this case with a review of literature.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.914-928
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• 2018

Objectives: This case report examines the effects of traditional Korean medicine for unspecified tremor with xerostomia caused by psychometric drug intake. Methods: A patient who suffered from unspecified tremor with xerostomia caused by psychometric drug intake was treated with acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and traditional Korean medicine for 30 days. We provided the patient with herbal medicines including Ondam-tang-gagam (溫膽湯加減), Pumsimgieum-gagam (忿心氣陰加減), and Hoichunyanggyeok-san-gami (回春凉隔散加味). Symptoms were charted and evaluated using the Yin-deficiency questionnaire score, Yin-deficiency scale score, dry mouth symptom questionnaire, and visual analogue scale. Results: After treatment with Korean Medicine and pharmacopuncture, the frequency and degree of tremor has decreased, and degree of Xerostomia also improved. The Scores of Yin-deficiency questionnaire score, Yin-deficiency scale score, dry mouth symptom questionnaire, and visual analogue scale were also improved. And we could see reduction in the level of distribution of gastrointestinal heat at Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging test. The patient's Symtoms (Xerostomia as well as unspecified tremor) were improved after treated with Korean Medicine and pharmacopuncture. Conclusion: Korean medicine treatments may be valuable for xerostomia caused by psychometric drug intake.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2019

Xerostomia due to the subjective dry mouth feeling that may occur even when the salivary gland function reduction is not objectively confirmed. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not dry mouth is more sensitive to pain in the oral facial area, which is the main cause of dental problems. The natural products used in this study are Boswellia serrata and seabuckthorn, Both natural substances are known as a representative antioxidant substance rich in vitamins. 4-DAMP was injected into the peritoneal cavity of the experimental animals, and 5% formalin was injected into the face to observe the change of inflammatory pain. Boswellia (15, 30 mg/kg) or seabuckthorn (150, 30 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg) after formalin infusion, As a result, pain response was significantly reduced in the drug-infused group compared to the formalin-infused group (*P<0.05). It was also found that the two drugs were more effective when administered together. Based on these results, we confirm that natural extract can be an alternative treatment modality for the control of oral facial inflammatory pain.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.62-70
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• 2019

Xylitol is well-known to have an anti-caries effect by inhibiting the replication of cariogenic bacteria. In addition, xylitol enhances saliva secretion. However, the precise molecular mechanism of xylitol on saliva secretion is yet to be elucidated. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the stimulatory effect of xylitol on saliva secretion and to further evaluate the involvement of xylitol in muscarinic type 3 receptor (M3R) signaling. For determining these effects, we measured the saliva flow rate following xylitol treatment in healthy individuals and patients with dry mouth. We further tested the effects of xylitol on M3R signaling in human salivary gland (HSG) cells using real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunostaining. Xylitol candy significantly increased the salivary flow rate and intracellular calcium release in HSG cells via the M3R signaling pathway. In addition, the expressions of M3R and aquaporin 5 were induced by xylitol treatment. Lastly, we investigated the distribution of M3R and aquaporin 5 in HSG cells. Xylitol was found to activate M3R, thereby inducing increases in $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. Stimulation of the muscarinic receptor induced by xylitol activated the internalization of M3R and subsequent trafficking of aquaporin 5. Taken together, these findings suggest a molecular mechanism for secretory effects of xylitol on salivary epithelial cells.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.262-269
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• 2019

Xerostomia is a symptom of subjective complaints due to decreased salivary secretion or various other causes, which is common in about 30% of elderly people. Parasympathetic stimulants or artificial saliva are used as remedies, but this has side effects, and there are limitations in completely resolving symptoms. In this study, an 88-year-old woman with subjective dry mouth syndrome for the previous two to three years was treated with spinal pharmacopuncture and herbal medicine (Yookmigihwang-tang). The patient received pharmacopuncture at the thoracic 3rd, 6th, and 10th level twice a day and took herbal medicine three times daily for seven days. Both the degree of oral dryness and behavior were improved after treatment of Korean medicine, especially in the case of pharmacopuncture for inner core muscles.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.54-62
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• 2021

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by the presence of lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands and other organs. Due to the rarity of SS, it is frequently overlooked by dentists as a cause of xerostomia. Clinicians should be aware that patients may have oral complications from SS including oral mucosal pain caused by frictional damage. Use of the latest diagnostic criteria approved by the American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism in 2016 for SS diagnosis provides the advantage of early identification of patients who have not yet developed dry mouth symptoms. A case of primary SS with the chief complaint of oral mucosal pain caused by mucosal damage associated with dry mouth is presented here. This case represents the importance of recognizing oral complications of xerostomia caused by SS, and illustrates use of the latest diagnostic criteria to diagnose the suspected symptoms by dental clinicians, who typically might be the first medical professional to encounter these symptoms.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.491-500
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• 2017

Objectives: This clinical study reports the effects of Cheonggansoyo-san (CSS) on three patients with glossodynia. Methods: Three patients with glossodynia were treated with CSS (i.e., an herbal medicine) and acupuncture. Numeric rating scales (NRSs) for glossodynia and dry mouth and hwa-byung questionnaire scores were evaluated, and the results from heart rate variability (HRV) evaluations were analyzed. Results: After treatment with CSS, three patients' glossodynia symptoms, such as burning sensations, tingling, and numbness of the tongue, were improved. NRS ratings for glossodynia and dry mouth and the hwa-byung questionnaire scores also improved, and HRV parameters were closer to the normal range. Conclusion: Cheonggansoyo-san could be used to treat glossodynia.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.607-616
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• 2014

This research is to observe the shoreline changes in Jinha beach over the 50 years with aerial photographs and satellite images. The shoreline image feature was retrieved from the corrected images using wet and dry techniques and analyzed by DSAS from the statistical point of view. From 1967 to 1992, the mouth of Hoeya River was severely blocked and the northern shoreline off Jinha beach was eroded. The blockade of river mouth seemed to have been eased along with the completion of the dike, but soil continued to be deposited along the high sea away from the river month. Compared to the past, a layer of sediment has been formed off the northern coastline while the southern coastline has eroded. At least in the region subject to this research, the construction of a training dike is to blame. On top of that, a mere combination of dredges and artificial nourishment is not enough to take under control the changing shorelines properly. Thus, it is necessary to devise a more fundamental solution by taking into account reasons behind sediment from the river area that could change the shorelines besides the costal environment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.64-79
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was aimed to research clinical characteristics of female patients with cold hypersensitivity on the hands and feet compared with non-cold hypersensitivity group. Methods: 134 women patients were collected from 6 Korean medicine hospitals, and divided into 2 groups(cold hypersensitivity group and non-cold hypersensitivity group). This survey was composed of 19 questions related to clinical symptoms of cold hypersensitivity. Results: We found out the differences between 2 groups in 10 questions among 19 questions in the survey results. (Body Type, Energy, Digestibility, Skin Type, Facial Complexion, Chill, Dry Mouth and Thirst, Preference between Coolness and Warmth, Thickness of Tongue Fur, Floating and Sinking of Pulse) Conclusions: From these results, Patients with cold hypersensitivity on hands and feet have relative clinical characteristics as follows. They are relatively weak and lethargic. They have dry skin and look more pale. They feel chill easily and have dry mouth and thirst. They prefer warmth and have indigestion more. They had more various infirm and ill clinical characteristics compared with the other group from the view of Korean medicine.